Wani gyale mai sa hannu mai salo na Mustafa Kemal Ataturk ya lulluɓe fuskar mannequin da farar riga mai ɗauke da hoton Ataturk mai murmushi ya kammala kayan da ba a saba gani ba.
Isma'il Saymaz, dan jaridan bincike na Turkiyya Radikal, ya dauki hoton ne a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba a gaban wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Izmir, tungar 'yan Kemalist a gabar tekun yammacin Turkiyya.
“Wannan anarcho-Kemalism ne,” masanin kimiyyar siyasa Fatih Yasli ya mayar da martani ga sakon da Saymaz ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter wanda ya nuna wannan sabon salo na ‘yan daba na birane. “Waɗannan su ne Kemalist SAs [yana nufin ƙungiyar sa kai na Nazi Sturmabteilung]. Suna da haɗari sosai lokacin da cunkoson jama'a suke," @durmance6470 ya amsa, kuma @hasavrat ya buga tweet daga baya, "Koyaushe yana da ban sha'awa sosai cewa tattoo na sa hannun Ataturk alama ce ta hana kafawa."
Kafofin watsa labaru na duniya sun yi nazari sosai kan "al'adar Ataturk". Kwanan nan a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, lokacin da Turkawa sama da miliyan 1 suka ziyarci makabartar Ataturk, inda suka kafa tarihi a cikin shekaru 75 da rasuwarsa. Sai dai kuma, har yanzu ba a bayar da rahoto ba, wani fanni mai ƙarfi na wannan sanannen tatsuniyoyi: sauyi mai ban mamaki a fahimtar al'ummar Kemalism, wanda wani lamari ne na baya-bayan nan a Turkiyya bayan Gezi.
A karon farko da na fara cin karo da wadannan “anarcho-Kemalists” shi ne lokacin da na je dandalin Taksim na Istanbul don daukar hoton zanga-zangar Gezi Park a wani dare mai cike da rudani a watan Yuni. Karkashin hasken wutar da ke makancewa, tsaye kafada da kafada da masu sha’awar kwallon kafa, samari biyar ko watakila shida masu rufe fuska da rigunan Ataturk suna rera taken nuna adawa da gwamnati daga hayaki mai sa hawaye na ‘yan sandan da suka ja da baya daga dandalin Taksim. .
Dama kusa da su ya tsaya rukunin "Carsi" (Kasuwa), masu mutuƙar wahala na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Besiktas. Tambarin su, kalmar "Carsi" da aka rubuta tare da alamar rashin ƙarfi na harafin "a," bai taɓa canzawa ba. Amma sanannen takensu, "Carsi yana adawa da komai," sun sami sabon ƙarin a kwanakin nan, "sai dai Ataturk."
Daga karshe ‘yan sandan sun koma dandalin Taksim da mugun karfi, inda suka tarwatsa masu zanga-zangar. An kama mambobin Carsi 16 a ranar XNUMX ga Yuni. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ban ga wata alama ta anarchist tare da hoton Ataturk ba, har sai da na yi tuntuɓe a kan hoton da Saymaz ya wallafa a watan Nuwamba.
Ta yaya Kemalism, akidar jaha mai akidar da ta ginu bisa dabi’ar dabi’a, aka hade shi da rashin zaman lafiya, manufa ta siyasa bisa rashin gwamnati da rashin amincewa da hukuma?
Ataturk ɗan siyasa ne mai fa'ida wanda ya sanya kansa cikin wayo bisa ga canjin yanayi. A karshe ya shuka irin tsarin dimokuradiyyar jam’iyyu da yawa da tattalin arzikin kasuwa, amma da bukatar hakan sai ya zura ido ya ga duk wani akida tun daga gurguzu zuwa Musulunci, daga jari hujja zuwa farkisanci. Misali, a cikin 1920, ya furta wadannan kalmomi - sulhunta akidu guda uku masu gaba da juna a cikin jumla guda - kuma cikin nasara ya jawo goyon bayan Soviet a kan Turawan Yamma a Turkiyya:
“Musamman saboda mu musulmai ne, mun yi imani da al’ummahism [pan-Islamism], wanda ke canza iyakacin da’irar kishin kasa zuwa fagen da ba shi da iyaka. Daga wannan ra'ayi, hanyarmu na iya zama hanyar Bolshevism."
"Maganar Bursa" na Ataturk shine irin wannan "tushen tarihi" ga matasan juyin juya hali a yanzu. A cikin 1933, ya yi zargin cewa ya shawarci matasan Turkiyya da ke Bursa su kare jamhuriyar da "hannunsu, duwatsu, kulake ko bindigogi" idan an buƙata, ko da 'yan sanda, sojoji da kotuna. Saboda haka, an dakatar da rubutun shekaru da yawa a kan dalilin cewa yana ƙarfafa rashin ƙarfi.
A cikin watan Agusta, kafofin yada labarai masu goyon bayan gwamnati sun ba da rahoton cewa jawabin na Bursa ya koma yadu a shafukan sada zumunta a daidai lokacin da zanga-zangar Gezi Park. A watan Mayu da Yuni, an yi amfani da google jawabin da yawan masu amfani da Intanet a Turkiyya. Har ila yau, masana tarihi ba su haxu a kan batun sahihancin jawabin ba.
Muhawarar farko ta jama'a game da abin da ake kira anarcho-Kemalism ta fara ne lokacin da mai zanen Australiya Michael Blum ya ƙirƙiri wani hali na tarihi, wata mace mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da ake kira Safiye Behar, a matsayin "Mai son sirrin Ataturk" na tara na Istanbul Biennial a 2005.
An rubuta Ahmet Atakan, wani mutum da ya mutu a lokacin zanga-zangar Gezi Park a gaban wani wurin tunawa da Ataturk. Hoto daga: Emre Kizilkaya
Yayin da rayuwa ke kwaikwayon fasaha, almara za ta zama gaskiya nan ba da jimawa ba. Blog mai suna "Ruh Tipasi” (Soul Plug) ya buga ma’anar farko ta anarcho-Kemalists a cikin 2010. Bayan anarcho-Kemalists na farko sun bayyana kwanan nan a tituna, na dawo wurin Michael Blum. "Kamar yadda kuke tunani, da Safiye ta kasance mai goyon baya sosai kuma tana aiki a cikin tafiyar Gezi idan ta rayu a cikin 2013. Na yi matukar farin ciki da cewa Ataturk yana samun wannan sabon salon rayuwa a cikin yanayin bayan Gezi," in ji shi.
Guenter Lewy, Farfesa Ba'amurke Emeritus wanda ya rubuta Juyin juya halin Ataturk a Turkiyya, kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata game da ƙungiyoyi irin su anarcho-Kemalists. "Kungiyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi ta masu sassaucin ra'ayi na yi mani maraba da kuma maganin kashe-kashe na gwamnatin yanzu," in ji shi.
Mataimakin Farfesa Mehmet Alkan daga Jami'ar Istanbul, a daya bangaren, yana tunanin cewa manufar ba ta da daidaiton hankali. "Anarcho-syndicalism yana da wani ɗan gajeren buri don maye gurbin jihar don lalata ta, yayin da anarcho-Kemalists ke so su karfafa shi," in ji Alkan.
Yayin da malamai da yawa ke taka tsantsan, wani sabon nau'in Kemalists sun ce a shirye suke su sake fitowa kan tituna, idan an buƙata. Wasu da dama suna da ra'ayi game da nuna alamar Ataturk kamar yadda jam'iyyar Republican People's Party (CHP) mai adawa da ita ta yi a shekarun da suka gabata. Omre Akyuz, mai shekaru 19, dalibin jami'a da ya halarci zanga-zangar, yana daya daga cikin masu tausayawa wannan yunkuri.
"Hakika, dukkanmu muna yaba wa Ataturk saboda ya bar mu a jamhuriyar. Duk da haka, duk da kuma bayan zanga-zangar, abokaina sun damu game da amfani da hotonsa. Sun yi tunanin hakan zai iya mayar da wasu masu zanga-zangar da suke ganin Kemalism wani abu ne da ya saba wa Musulunci,” inji Akyuz.
A takaice dai zanga-zangar Gezi Park ba wai kawai ta girgiza gwamnati da kuma haifar da girgizar kasa a cikin kawancen da ke mulki ba, har ma da kalubalantar manyan abubuwan da ke cikin "Kemalism 1.0."
"Kemalism 2.0" a cikin yin da alama yana da yuwuwar kasancewa mai yawan jama'a da sassaucin ra'ayi, ta yadda a yanzu yana maraba da har ma da ƙungiyoyin ɓoyayyiyar ɓarna da za su iya halaka kansu da ke da alaƙa da anarchism.
Hatta Musuluncin siyasa, wanda yanzu ya tsaya cak a duk fadin yankin, na iya bukatar irin wannan karfin da zai karya akidar da ta gabata. Ba shi da sauƙi don canzawa a hankali lokacin da kake riƙe da iko. Kamar yadda Blum yayi bayani:
“A shekarar 2005, Kemalism tsohuwar akida ce, ta gagare, mai dimbin abubuwan ci gaba amma na baya. Bayan shekaru goma na mulkin AKP [Justice and Development Party], a zahiri mutane suna shiga Ataturk a matsayin abokin adawa da gwamnati - kuma Ataturk ya kasance mafi ci gaba fiye da gwamnatin yanzu. A ranar da za mu sake ganin mulkin kama-karya na Kemalist, mai yiyuwa ne a samu mutanen da suka juya zuwa ga rashin kishin Islama, wa ya sani?
Almonitor
