ʻAoʻao (7-12)
ʻO ia ma ka mahina ʻo Ramadân i ka makahiki ʻelua o ka makahiki
ʻO Hegira i ka wā i lilo ai i mea paʻa i ka uku zakat. Hoʻokahi fard ʻo Zakat: ʻo ia
e hoʻopaʻa i kekahi manawa i ka nui o ka waiwai o kekahi
zakât, ʻo ia ka waiwai piha o kekahi a ua hiki i ka
ka nui o ka nisâb, [1] me ka manao o ka zakat, a e haawi aku i
ka poe Muslim i kauohaia e like me ke kauoha. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waiwai piha
ka waiwai pono'ī i hele mai ma o ka halâl (kūpono)
'o ia ka mea hiki a halâl ('ae'ia) no ka ho'ohana 'ana.
ʻO ka waiwai o ka waqf, ʻaʻohe waiwai o kekahi. Inā ʻaʻole hui pū kekahi
ka waiwai ponoi me na waiwai ino e like me ia
loaʻa ma ka ʻaihue, ʻaihue, kipe, piliwaiwai a ma ke kūʻai ʻana paha
waiʻona, a inā ʻaʻole i hui pū kekahi me kekahi i kēlā mau mea ʻino
waiwai i loaa mai i na kanaka like ole, pela
ʻaʻole lilo ka waiwai i waiwai ponoʻī. ʻAʻole ia he halal no hoʻokahi
e hoohana ia mau mea a i ole e hoolilo ia lakou i mea e ola'i. ʻekahi
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana iā lākou e hana i nā hale pule a i nā hana haipule ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia
ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻokaʻawale i kā lākou zakat. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole helu ʻia lākou
i ka helu ana i ka nisâb o zakât. Ina he mau mea nona a mau hooilina paha
ua ʻike ʻia he mea pono ke hoʻihoʻi i kēlā mau waiwai iā lākou. Inā lākou
ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia, hiki i kekahi ke hāʻawi i nā waiwai a pau (haram) i ka
ʻilihune e like me ka manawaleʻa inā ʻo kekahi e (no) e uku no ka
ina, ma hope aku, ua puka mai ko lakou mau mea nona a i ole mau hooilina o ko lakou mau haku
me ke koi uku. Inā ʻaʻole paʻa nā waiwai
a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea nona, ua ʻae ʻia
[1] Ni sâb me ans bor der. ʻO ka palena ma waena o ka waiwai a me ka ʻilihune
kuhikuhi ʻia e Is lam is ter med ni sâb.
e hoʻohana iā lākou a e uku aku ma hope, ʻo ia hoʻi, e uku i kā lākou
nā mea like aiʻole, ināʻaʻole i loaʻa ko lākou mau mea like, e uku no
lakou. E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka wehewehe ʻana o Mulk-i-khabîth i hāʻawi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao
ma mua a ma ka mokuna kanahākūmālua o ka fascicle mua o
Pomaikai pau ole. He kanaka e paa ana i kekahi mahele o ka hui o
kalepa, ina ua like kona mahele me ka nisâb, pono e helu i ka
zakat o kana mahele a e uku aku. 'Ōleloʻo Ibni 'Âbidîn ma ke kumuhana o
Bey' wa Shirâ (kūʻai a kūʻai aku)[1]: “ʻAʻole nā luna hoʻomana
ua aeia e kuai aku i ka lakou mea e loaa mai ai mai ka poe haipule
kumu ma mua o ka lawe ʻana iā lākou. No ka mea, ʻoiai lākou
he kuleana kūpono, nā waiwai i kuleana kūpono i ke kanaka
ʻaʻole e lilo i waiwai nona ma mua o ka lawe ʻana iā ia. ʻO ka
ʻO nā booties (ghanîma) i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻenemi mai
nā koa ke lawe ʻia lākou i ka Dâr-ul-islâm. Akā, hana lākou
ʻaʻole e lilo i waiwai no lākou ma mua o ka māhele ʻana i mau ʻāpana a
puʻunaue ʻia.” No kēia kumu, nā uku a me nā uku o kēlā kīwila
ʻaʻole e lilo nā kauā a me nā limahana no lākou
waiwai mamua o ka loaa ana. ʻO ka zakât o ka uku a i ʻole ka uku
ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana. ʻO ke kālā i unuhi ʻia mai iā lākou
e nā uniona a i ʻole nā hui ʻinikua, a i ʻole nā unuhi ʻana no ka mālama kālā,
ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka helu ʻana o ka zakât. I ka manawa
i loaʻa i nā makahiki ma hope, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke kālā i loaʻa i ke kumu
nui no ka zakat o ka makahiki. ʻAʻole pēlā ka hihia me nā mea paʻa
lawe ia no ka mea i kuaiia. ʻO kēia a me nā waihona a me nā palekana
komo i loko o ka zakat i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ua ʻōlelo ka ʻulamā o ka Hanafî Madhhab he mea pono no
ʻo kēlā me kēia kāne a me nā wahine Muslim i mukallaf, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo wai
akahele a ua hiki i ka makahiki o ka opiopio [ka makahiki i kona wa
ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e lilo i junub a pono e hana i ka holoi ʻana o
ghusl], a ʻo wai ka mea manuahi, e uku i ka zakât ke loaʻa iā ia ka
kūlana. No ka uku ʻana i ka zakât pono e hoʻokomo i nā waiwai i loko o ka
ka waiwai o ka mea ilihune, oia ka haawi ana ia ia. Ina he ilihune
a na ka wali makua ole naauao e hanai ia ia, aole keia he zakat.
Akā, inā hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka ʻai i ke keiki makua ʻole, a inā paha e ʻaʻahu ka wali i ka
keiki makua ole, ua ukuia ka zakat. Ina e ai pu oia me ka ilihune makua ole
ʻaʻole i hiki i ka makahiki o ka noʻonoʻo, ua uku ʻo ia i ka zakât. ʻO ka lilo ʻana a
hiki ke walī ma ke koho ʻia ʻana i kahu makua ʻole e ka
makua kāne makua ʻole a i ʻole ma ka luna kānāwai. No ka mea, ua loaʻa i ka mea i koho ʻia
ke kuleana e lawe i na makana e haawi aku i ke keiki makua ole a haawi aku
iā ia, hiki iā ia ke kūʻai i nā lole, nā meaʻai a me nā mea e pono ai
[1] E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka mokuna iwakāluakūmāiwa no Bey' a me Shirâ.
mau mea me kana zakat ponoi, (pono ia e uku,) a haawi aku ia mau mea
iā ia. Ua kākau ʻia ma Bezzâziyya i hāʻawi ʻia ka mālama ʻana i kekahi
ʻO nā ʻohana ʻilihune ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ka luna kānāwai e like me kēia. Akā naʻe ka
pono e uku ʻia ʻo zakât i manaʻo ʻia (e uku ʻia) i nā poʻe ʻilihune ʻē aʻe
(mai ka waiwai o zakât pili) me ka ole
pani. Ua kākau ʻo Imâm Nasafî 'rahmatullâhi 'alaih' ma Zahīra: "ʻO ia
ua kākau ʻia ma Ziyâdât[1] ʻaʻole e uku ʻia kahi kanaka waiwai i ka zakât
kuai i ka ai a haawi aku na ka poe ilihune. Ua kākau ʻia ma Bezzâziyya
a ma Fatâwâ-i Hindiyya: “Inā hāʻawi kekahi i ka ʻiʻo o kāna Qurbân.
i ka poe ilihune me ka manao o ka zakat o kekahi hipa, aole
e zakat. Ua kākau ʻia ma Îdâh[2]: “ʻO ka zakat e hāʻawi ʻia ai
hiki ke haawi i ke keiki a i ka pupule i kona makuakane, i kona
ʻohana ʻo ia kāna wali, a i kāna wasī paha.
Ma nā Madhâhib ʻehā (Madhhabs), ʻehā ʻano o
waiwai o zakat:
1 – Nā holoholona ʻehā e ʻai manuahi ana ma nā kula no ka
hapa nui o ka makahiki.
2 – Ke gula a me ke kala.
'Ōlelo ka mea kākau o Durr-ul Muntaqâ 'rahmatullâhi 'alaih'[3]:
"Aia ma luna o ka umikumamalua carats, e uku i ka zakat o ke gula a me ke kala.
inā hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he kālā a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ala hala, e like me
nā mea nani e nā wāhine, a i ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano ʻino, e like me ke kāʻei ʻana o nā kāne
mau apo gula, a i ole ia e malama ia i mea e kuai ai i hale noho, ai ai ole
nā uhi a i ʻole nā mea e pono ai e like me ka pahi kaua [a i ʻole ke gula
niho].” No laila, hewa ke komo ʻana o nā kāne i nā apo gula. E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike
nā ʻaoʻao hope o ka mokuna ʻelua o ka fascicle ʻeono o Endless
ʻOliʻoli.
3 - ʻO ka waiwai kalepa a i ʻole ka waiwai i kūʻai ʻia no
kuai a malamaia no ke kalepa.
ʻOiai e wehewehe ana i nā kumu a me nā kūlana o ka zakat,
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Hadrat Ibni 'Âbidîn 'rahmatullâhi 'alaih': "ʻO ka waiwai
pono ke kuai me ka manao e kuai. ʻOiai hoʻokahi
manao e kuai i na mea e puka mai ana mailoko mai o na aina e pili ana i ka
ʻUshr, a i ʻole i loaʻa ma ka hoʻoilina, a i ʻole i loaʻa
lilo i waiwai no ke kanaka ke ae mai, e like me
[1] Kākau ʻia e Muhammad Shaybânî 'rahmatullâhi taʻâlâ 'alaih', (135
[752 AD], Wâsit – 189 [805], Ray.)
[2] A i ʻole ʻo Izâh, he ʻōlelo manaʻo, i unuhi ʻia e Kermânî, i ka Mukhtasar-iQudûrî, ka mea i kākau ʻia e Abul-Husayn 'Ahmad bin
Muhammad Baghdâdî 'rahmatullâhi 'alaih'.
[3] Alâ-ud-Dîn Haskafî, (1021, Haskaf – 1088 [1677 AD].)
na makana a me na hooilina, aole ia e lilo i waiwai kalepa.
No ka mea, ua kūpono ka manaʻo o ke kālepa ma ke kūʻai a kūʻai aku. No ka mea
laʻana, inā e uku ke kanaka i ka palaoa mai kāna mahina ʻai
'Ushr a i 'ole ka mea i loa'a i ka urûz ma o ka ho'oilina e malama me ia
ka manao e kuai aku, a ina oi aku mamua o ka nisâb
a mālama ʻia no hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻaʻole pono e uku
zaka.” Ina e lulu oia ma kona mahinaai i ka palaoa ana i kuai ai
kālepa [i mea e kūʻai aku ai], a inā paha e manaʻo ʻo ia e hoʻohana ponoʻī i ka holoholona
a o ka lole ana i kuai ai, aole ia
waiwai kalepa. Ina mahope iho manao oia e kuai aku, aole
lilo i waiwai kalepa. ʻO ka waiwai i loaʻa iā ia ma ke kūʻai aku
a i ʻole ma ka hoʻolimalima ʻana e lilo i waiwai kalepa. Inā ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana
manao oia e kuai i ka waiwai ana i kuai ai no ka hoohana ana, a ina
i ka loaa ana, manao oia e kuai i ka urûz i loaa iaia
ma ka hooilina a me na mea e like me na makana, na haawina a me na manawalea
e lilo i waiwai nona ma kona ae ana aku ia mau mea, a ina manao oia e kuai
ʻO ka palaoa i loaʻa iā ia mai kāna mahina ʻai, ʻaʻole ia e lilo i mea kūʻai
waiwai. Inā kūʻai aku ʻo ia iā lākou a inā ʻoiai e kūʻai aku ana ʻo ia i manaʻo ai
e hoʻohana i ke kālepa i ka urûz (loaʻa iā ia ke kūʻai aku iā lākou a
ʻo ia kā lākou mau kumuhana (badals), kēia mau ʻino (nā kumu kūʻai, nā waiwai)
lilo i waiwai kalepa. No ka mea, he hana ke kalepa. ʻAʻole ia
hana wale me ka manao. Pono e hoʻomaka pū.
Akā ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kālepa e hana wale ʻia me ka manaʻo. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo,
hiki ke hana me ka manao wale no ka haalele ana i na mea a pau.
Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole lilo kekahi i musâfir a uhaki i ka hoʻokē ʻai wale nō
me ka manao. ʻAʻole hoʻi e lilo ka mea hoʻomaloka i Muslim a i ʻole
holoholona sâima[1]. Akā ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o kēia mau mea wale nō me kahi
manao. ʻO nā mea gula a me ke kālā a me ke kālā pepa
waiwai o ka zakat, ma na mea a pau i loaa ia lakou.
4 - Nā mea e puka mai ana mai nā ʻano ʻāina a pau i hoʻoinu ʻia e
nā ua, nā muliwai a i ʻole nā kahawai a ʻaʻole i ʻauhau ʻia me ka kharâj, (even
inā ʻaʻole lākou ʻano ʻāina me ʻUshr), a mai ka ʻāina
pili i kahi Waqf (hoʻokumu haipule). Ua kapa ʻia kā lākou zakat
'Ushr. Ua kauoha ʻia ma ka haneri me kanahākūmākahi âyat
o An'âm Sûra o ka Qur'ân e uku i ka 'Ushr,[2] a ua
elucidated in a hadîth-i-sherîf e hāʻawi i ka hapaʻumi. ʻO Ushr ka hapaʻumi
o na mea kanu. Akā hiki i ka kharâj ke hoʻokahi hapalima, hoʻokahi hapahā, hoʻokahi hapakolu, a i ʻole
hapalua. Pono e uku i ka 'Ushr a i ʻole ke kharâj o ka ʻāina. A
[1] E nana i KA ZAKÂT O NA HOLOHOLONA, ma keia mau aoao.
[2] “… E ʻai i kā lākou hua i ko lākou manawa, akā e hāʻawi i ka ʻauhau
pono i ka la e ohi ai. …” (6:141)
kanaka aie i kanaka, aole ia e unuhi i ka nui o
kana aie, aka, e uku ana i ka huina pololei o kona 'Ushr.
Aia hoʻokahi fard i loko o ka zakat: e hana i ka manaʻo (niyyat). ʻO An
hana ʻia ka manaʻo me ka puʻuwai. I ka wā e mālama ai a hāʻawi i ka
ʻo ka zakat o ka waiwai, inā manaʻo kekahi, “E uku au i ka zakat no
No ke Akua ", a laila ʻōlelo ʻo ia e hāʻawi a hāʻawi paha kekahi
he makana i ka wā e hāʻawi ana i ka poʻe ʻilihune a i ʻole ka mea i loaʻa
hoonohoia i hope no ka uku ana i ka poe ilihune, oia
ʻae ʻia. ʻAʻole nui nā ʻōlelo. Inā manaʻo kekahi no ka zakat a
no ka manawa like, lilo ia i zakat e like me Imâm-iAbû Yûsuf. Wahi a Imâm-i-Muhammad 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ
'alaih' nae, he manawalea ia, a aole i uku kekahi i ka zakat. ʻO ka
ʻAʻole e uku ʻia ka ʻaiʻē a ka mea i make kauoha ʻole
mai ka waiwai ana i waiho ai. No ka mea, ua manao ia
e hana pela. Hiki i kona mau hooilina ke uku mai ko lakou waiwai iho. [Ma keia
ina ua hanaia ka isqât[1] o ka zakat]. Inā hana kekahi
ʻaʻole i manaʻo i ka wā e mālama ai i ka zakat a i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka poʻe ʻilihune
a manaʻo lōʻihi ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana, ua ʻae ʻia e like me ka lōʻihi o ka
Aia ka waiwai i ka poe ilihune. ʻO ka manaʻo e hana ai
ʻoiai ua lawa ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka zakat i ka hope. ʻAʻole pono
no ka manao o ka hope i ka uku ana i ka poe ilihune. ʻO ia hoʻi
hiki i kekahi ke koho i zimmî, oia hoi, he kamaaina nana
no kekahi hoomana, he hope e uku i ka zakât i ka
ʻilihune Muslim. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻae ʻia ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi zimmî e like me ka mea
hope no ka Hajj (pilgrimage). No ka mea, o ka mea waiwai wale no kona
e manao i ka zakat. Eia naʻe, no ka Hajj, pono ka hope i manaʻo.
Inā ʻōlelo ka mea waiwai (a manaʻo ʻo ia) he manawaleʻa a ʻo ia
kaffârat a i ʻole he makana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka zakat i kona hope
a ina i manao oia no ka zakat mamua o ka haawi ana aku o kona hope me ka
manao mua i ka poe ilihune, e ae ia.
Ina e hui pu kekahi kanaka i hope o na kanaka waiwai elua i ko laua
zakâts kekahi i kekahi me ka ʻike ʻole a hāʻawi
i ka poe ilihune, aole i ukuia ka zaka. Ua haawi manawalea ka hope.
Na ka hope e uku i nā zakat. ʻOiai e wehewehe ana i kēia ma ka
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻumikūmākahi, ʻōlelo ʻo Ibni 'Âbidîn: “Ua hui ʻo ia i nā mea ʻelua
nui o ka zakat me kekahi i kekahi, ua lilo lakou i waiwai nona.
Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka poʻe ʻilihune i kāna waiwai ponoʻī. Ina ua hui pu ia me
ka ʻae ʻana o nā mea waiwai ʻelua a inā ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻae
ma hope o ka hui ʻana a ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka poʻe ʻilihune, ʻo ia
ʻae ʻia. Ua ae ia no ke kanaka i hope o ka
[1] E ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka mokuna iwakāluakūmākahi no 'isqât'.
ʻilihune e hui pū i nā zakat i loaʻa iā ia me ka hōʻike ʻole a
alaila e uku aku i ka poe ilihune. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia (e kekahi
savants) ua ʻae ʻia no ka hope o nā mea waiwai ʻelua
kanaka e uku ia lakou mahope o ka hui pu ana me ka ae ole. Ina he waiwai
ʻōlelo ke kanaka i kekahi kanaka, [a i ʻole kākau i ke kanaka e ola ana
ma nā ʻāina ʻē,] "E hāʻawi i kēia nui gula i zakat noʻu," (a inā ʻo ia
palapala i kekahi kanaka ma kekahi kulanakauhale ma ka palapala), a ina e kuai ka hope i ka
ke gula i kauohaia me kana dala ponoi a haawi aku i ka poe ilihune, oia no
ʻae ʻia. Wahi a Imâm-i Yusûf 'rahmatullâhi 'alaih', keia
e noi ke kanaka i kāna kālā mai ka mea waiwai ma hope. 'Ōleloʻo Imâm-iMuhammad 'rahmatullâhi taʻâlâ 'alaih': "Hiki iā ia ke noi aku inā
ʻōlelo ka mea waiwai iā ia e uku ʻo ia iā ia ma hope. A i ʻole ʻo ia
ʻaʻole hiki ke noi aku. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia (e ka poʻe akamai) inā ʻo ka hope
hāʻawi i kāna zakât i ka poʻe ʻilihune i koho ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe waiwai
kanaka a ina e ae mai ka mea waiwai mahope, ua oluolu ia. Ina a
kanaka nāna i ʻōlelo (i kona hope), "E hāʻawi manawaleʻa i ka poʻe ʻilihune ma koʻu
"ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo pū, "E uku wau iā ʻoe ma hope," ʻaʻole ia (loaʻa
e) uku iā ia. Hiki i ke kanaka waiwai ke hāʻawi i kāna hope e like me ia
makemake e puunaue i ka poe ilihune. Ka hope o ka poe ilihune
ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa i ka zakât ma mua o ka nui o ka nisâb no kēlā me kēia
kanaka ilihune. Loaʻa ka hope o ka mea ʻilihune i kāna (ka
ʻo ka mea ʻilihune) zakât, ʻo ia hoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea ʻilihune i kāna ponoʻī
zakat. ʻO ka waiwai i uku ʻia, ʻo ia ka waiwai o ka mea ʻilihune. ʻO ka
ʻAʻole uku ʻia ʻo zakât no nā holoholona a me nā waiwai kalepa a
Waqf, (i wehewehe ʻia ma ka mokuna kanahākūmāhā.)
Pomaikai pau ole
