Ib daim phuam qhwv caj dab uas muaj lub npe zoo nkauj ntawm Mustafa Kemal Ataturk npog lub ntsej muag ntawm tus qauv thiab lub tsho T-shirt dawb nrog daim duab ntawm Ataturk luag ntxhi ua kom tiav cov khaub ncaws txawv txawv.
Ismail Saymaz, tus neeg sau xov xwm tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Turkish txhua hnub Radikal, tau thaij duab rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 15 nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm ib lub khw muag khoom hauv Izmir, lub chaw ruaj khov ntawm Kemalist nyob rau ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub poob ntawm Turkey.
"Qhov no yog anarcho-Kemalism," tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev nom kev tswv Fatih Yasli teb rau qhov tweet los ntawm Saymaz uas tau qhia txog txoj kev zam tshiab ntawm cov tub rog hauv nroog. "Cov no yog Kemalist SAs [hais txog lub koom haum Nazi paramilitary Sturmabteilung]. Lawv muaj kev phom sij heev thaum lawv muaj neeg coob coob, "@durmance6470 teb, thiab @hasavrat tau tweeted tom qab ntawd, "Ib txwm pom tias nws nthuav heev uas daim duab kos ntawm Ataturk kos npe yog lub cim tawm tsam kev tsim tsa."
"Kev pe hawm ntawm Ataturk" tau raug tshuaj xyuas dav los ntawm cov xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis ntev los no thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 10, thaum ntau dua 1 lab tus neeg Turks tau mus xyuas Ataturk lub ntxa, rhuav tshem cov ntaub ntawv hauv 75 xyoo txij li nws tuag. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov dab neeg nrov no tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm: qhov kev hloov pauv xav tsis thoob hauv Kemalism txoj kev xav rau pej xeem, uas yog qhov tshwm sim tsis ntev los no hauv tebchaws Turkey tom qab Gezi.
Thawj zaug uas kuv ntsib cov "anarcho-Kemalists" no yog thaum kuv mus rau Istanbul's Taksim Square los thaij duab ntawm Gezi Park kev tawm tsam ib hmos tsaus ntuj hauv lub Rau Hli. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntawm cov teeb, sawv ntawm xub pwg rau xub pwg nrog cov kiv cua ncaws pob, tsib lossis tej zaum rau tus tub hluas hnav lub ntsej muag thiab Ataturk T-shirts tau hu nkauj tawm tsam tsoomfwv deb ntawm cov roj kua muag ntawm tub ceev xwm uas nyuam qhuav thim rov qab los ntawm Taksim Square.
Nyob ib sab ntawm lawv sawv ntawm pawg "Carsi" (Kev Lag Luam), cov kiv cua ntawm Besiktas football club. Lawv lub logo, lo lus "Carsi" sau nrog lub cim anarchy rau tsab ntawv "a," yeej tsis tau hloov pauv. Tab sis lawv cov lus hais zoo, "Carsi tawm tsam txhua yam," muaj ib qho ntxiv tshiab rau hnub ntawd, "tshwj tsis yog Ataturk."
Tub ceev xwm thaum kawg rov qab mus rau Taksim Square nrog lub zog txaus ntshai, thiab rhuav tshem cov neeg tawm tsam. Muaj nees nkaum ob tug tswv cuab ntawm Carsi raug ntes thaum Lub Rau Hli 16. Txij thaum ntawd los, kuv tsis tau pom ib lub cim anarchist nrog ib daim duab Ataturk, txog thaum kuv pom daim duab uas Saymaz tau tweet rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis.
Vim li cas Kemalism, lub tswv yim ntawm lub xeev dogmatic raws li kev ntseeg tus cwj pwm, thiaj li sib xyaw nrog anarchism, lub tswv yim nom tswv uas raws li tsis muaj tsoomfwv thiab tsis lees paub txoj cai?
Ataturk yog ib tug nom tswv uas muaj lub siab xav ua haujlwm thiab nws tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej kom ntse raws li qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv. Thaum kawg nws tau cog noob ntawm kev ywj pheej ntau tog thiab kev lag luam ua lag luam, tab sis thaum xav tau, nws tsis quav ntsej txog txhua lub tswv yim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke mus rau kev ntseeg Islam, los ntawm kev lag luam mus rau kev ntseeg fascist. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1920, nws tau hais cov lus hauv qab no - sib haum xeeb peb lub tswv yim sib txawv hauv tib kab lus - thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Soviet tawm tsam cov neeg sab hnub poob hauv Turkey:
"Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim peb yog cov neeg Muslim, peb ntseeg Ummahism [pan-Islamism], uas hloov lub voj voog txwv ntawm peb txoj kev hlub teb chaws mus rau hauv ib thaj chaw tsis muaj kev txwv. Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, peb txoj kev yuav yog txoj kev ntawm Bolshevism."
Ataturk cov lus "Bursa" yog hom "keeb kwm" rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tawm tsam tam sim no. Xyoo 1933, nws tau hais kom cov tub ntxhais hluas Turkish hauv Bursa tiv thaiv lub koom pheej nrog "lawv txhais tes, pob zeb, qws lossis phom" yog tias xav tau, txawm tias muaj tub ceev xwm, tub rog thiab tsev hais plaub los xij. Yog li ntawd, cov ntawv nyeem tau raug txwv rau ntau xyoo vim nws txhawb kom muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli, cov xov xwm txhawb nqa tsoomfwv tau tshaj tawm tias Bursa cov lus hais tau rov qab los rau hauv social media ua ke nrog kev tawm tsam Gezi Park. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli, cov lus hais tau raug tshawb nrhiav los ntawm cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem ntau tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Turkey. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws sau keeb kwm tsis pom zoo txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus hais.
Qhov kev sib cav sib ceg thawj zaug txog qhov hu ua anarcho-Kemalism tau pib thaum tus kws kos duab Austrian Michael Blum tau tsim ib tus cwj pwm pseudo-keeb kwm, ib tug poj niam anarchist hu ua Safiye Behar, ua "Ataturk tus hlub zais cia" rau lub rooj sib tham Istanbul Biennial cuaj xyoo 2005.
Cov ntawv kos rau ntawm hauv av pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cim nco txog Ataturk nyeem Ahmet Atakan, ib tug txiv neej uas tau tuag thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam Gezi Park. Duab los ntawm: Emre Kizilkaya
Thaum lub neej ua raws li kev kos duab, kev sau dab neeg yuav hloov mus ua qhov tseeb sai sai no. Ib qho blog hu ua "Ruh Tipasi"(Soul Plug) tau luam tawm thawj daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm anarcho-Kemalists hauv xyoo 2010. Tom qab thawj anarcho-Kemalists nyuam qhuav tshwm sim hauv txoj kev, kuv rov qab mus rau Michael Blum. "Raws li koj tuaj yeem xav, Safiye yuav tau txhawb nqa thiab ua haujlwm hauv Gezi lub zog yog tias nws nyob hauv xyoo 2013. Kuv zoo siab heev uas Ataturk tab tom nrhiav lub neej tshiab no hauv cov ntsiab lus tom qab Gezi," nws hais.
Guenter Lewy, tus xibfwb Amelikas uas tau sau ntawv Kev Tsov Rog Ataturk hauv tebchaws Turkey, kuj muaj kev cia siab rau cov kev tawm tsam xws li anarcho-Kemalists. "Ib pawg neeg ywj pheej uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg zoo li kuv xav tias yog ib qho kev txais tos zoo thiab yog ib qho tshuaj zoo rau kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm tsoomfwv tam sim no," nws hais.
Tus Xib Fwb Pab Cuam Mehmet Alkan ntawm Istanbul University, ntawm qhov tod tes, xav tias lub tswv yim tsis muaj kev txawj ntse sib xws. "Anarcho-syndicalism muaj lub hom phiaj luv luv los hloov lub xeev kom rhuav tshem nws, thaum anarcho-Kemalists xav txhawb nws," Alkan hais.
Txawm hais tias ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ceev faj, ib hom Kemalists tshiab hais tias lawv npaj txhij rov qab mus rau ntawm txoj kev dua, yog tias xav tau. Muaj ntau tus neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ua rau Ataturk yog lub cim ntawm txoj kev uas tam sim no yog Republican People's Party (CHP) ua ntau xyoo dhau los. Omre Akyuz, 19 xyoo, ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab uas tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam, yog ib tus neeg uas muaj kev khuv leej ntawm lub zog.
"Tau kawg, peb txhua tus qhuas Ataturk rau qhov tau tso peb lub koom pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, thoob plaws thiab tom qab kev tawm tsam, kuv cov phooj ywg muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev siv nws daim duab. Lawv xav tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau qee tus neeg tawm tsam uas pom Kemalism ua ib yam dab tsi tawm tsam Islam, "Akyuz hais.
Hauv ntej, kev tawm tsam ntawm Gezi Park tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau tsoomfwv tshee hnyo thiab ua rau muaj kev co hauv pawg nom tswv, tab sis kuj tau tawm tsam cov yam ntxwv qub ntawm "Kemalism 1.0."
"Kemalism 2.0" uas tab tom ua zoo li muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam thiab muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua, ntau heev uas tam sim no nws txais tos txawm tias cov kev tawm tsam uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis muaj nom tswv.
Txawm tias kev nom kev tswv Islam, uas tam sim no tsis txav mus thoob plaws thaj tsam, tej zaum yuav xav tau lub zog zoo li no uas rhuav tshem cov kev cai ntawm yav dhau los. Nws tsis yooj yim rau kev hloov pauv zuj zus thaum koj tuav lub hwj chim. Raws li Blum piav qhia:
"Xyoo 2005, Kemalism yog ib lub tswv yim qub, qub dhau lawm, muaj ntau yam kev vam meej tab sis yog los ntawm yav dhau los. Tom qab kaum xyoo ntawm AKP [Justice and Development Party] txoj cai, tib neeg tau sau npe rau Ataturk ua tus phooj ywg tawm tsam tsoomfwv - thiab Ataturk tau vam meej dua li tsoomfwv tam sim no. Hnub uas peb yuav pom Kemalist authoritarian regime dua, tej zaum yuav muaj tib neeg tig mus rau anarcho-Islamism, leej twg paub?"
Almonitor
