Kei te haere tonu te tautohetohe mō te pūnaha perehitini i Turkey. Ko te nuinga o tēnei tautohetohe e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga o nāianei i roto i ngā whenua manapori o ēnei rā hei tohu i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te pūnaha kāwanatanga o Turkey o nāianei, me te whakataurite i te pūnaha o nāianei ki ētahi atu. I te wāhanga tuatahi o tēnei tuhinga, ka tātarihia ngā āhuatanga whānui o ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga rerekē i roto i te ariā whānui.
Hei tīmatanga, me kī ko ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga o ēnei rā kei roto i te hononga kaha ki te ariā "wehewehenga mana".[1]Ko John Locke rāua ko Montesquieu te tino kaupapa o tēnei ariā. E ai ki tēnei kupu, e toru ngā "mana" matua o te kāwanatanga: te ture, te whakatinanatanga me te whakawā. E ai ki tā Lord Acton "ka pirau te mana, ā, ka pirau te mana tino". Nō reira, he mea nui tēnei ariā i runga i ngā kaupapa e rua: te aukati i te kohikohi mana me te whakarite i ngā herekoretanga i taua ara.
I te tīmatanga, ahakoa Tuhinga Tuhinga o mua Ehara i te mea he whakaritenga tino mō ngā kāwanatanga manapori o ēnei rā, engari kei te mau tonu te hiranga o te ariā ki te whakatau i ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga o nāianei. Heoi anō, kei te mau tonu te hiranga o te mana motuhake o te ture i roto i ngā manapori o ēnei rā.
E toru ngā pūnaha matua o ngā whenua manapori o ēnei rā: te pūnaha perehitini, te pūnaha ā-perehitini me te pūnaha pāremata. Ko ēnei pūnaha katoa e whakatauhia ana e ngā hononga i waenga i te ture me te whakatinanatanga, tae atu ki te hanganga o te whakatinanatanga.
Ka kitea te wehenga pakari o ngā mana i roto i te pūnaha perehitini anake. I roto i tēnei pūnaha, ka tino wehea te ture me te whakatinanatanga. Ko te perehitini anake te upoko o te whakatinanatanga. Ka whiriwhiria tika ngā wāhanga ture me ngā wāhanga whakahaere e te iwi mā roto i ngā pōtitanga rerekē. Heoi anō, he motuhake ngā tūranga o ngā tari ture me ngā tari whakahaere i tētahi i tētahi. I te tīmatanga, kāore e taea e te ture me te whakatinanatanga te whakamutu i te tūranga o tētahi i tētahi.
E kiia ana hoki te pūnaha Pāremata he "wehenga mana ngāwari". E rua ngā mana whakahaere i roto i te pūnaha pāremata. He mana whakahaere kei te kaunihera minita me te upoko o te kawanatanga. Heoi anō, he tūranga tohu noa iho tō te upoko o te kawanatanga i roto i te pūnaha pāremata. Ko te Pirimia me tana rūnanga kāwanatanga te taha kawenga tōrangapū o te whakatinanatanga. I tētahi atu taha, me tautoko te rūnanga kāwanatanga i te tari ture kia tīmata ai, kia haere tonu ai te mahi. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā tari whakahaere me ngā tari ture te whakamutu i te noho o tētahi ki tētahi i roto i te tūranga.
He pūnaha whakakotahitanga te pūnaha ā-perehitini i waenganui i te pūnaha pāremata me te pūnaha perehitini. I roto i tēnei kāwanatanga, he pūnaha whakahaere takirua pērā i te pūnaha pāremata. I tētahi atu taha, kāore te whakamatenga e whakawhirinaki ki te whakawhirinaki o te wāhanga ture. Heoi anō, ko te perehitini i pōtitia tika e te iwi, ā, he nui ake tōna mana i te upoko o te kāwanatanga i roto i te pūnaha pāremata.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mea nui te ariā o te wehenga mana hei ārai i te kohikohi mana, hei whakapūmau hoki i ngā herekoretanga i taua ara. Ahakoa rā, i ēnei rā, ehara te wehenga mana i te mea tino hiahiatia mō ngā kāwanatanga manapori. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i te ture me te whakatinanatanga me te hanganga whakatinanatanga e whakatau ana i ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga o nāianei. I roto i tēnei ariā, he mea nui kia mōhiotia ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei pūnaha katoa i roto i ngā momo rerekē i roto i ngā kāwanatanga manapori. Nō reira, kāore i te tika te kī he manapori te pūnaha perehitini i te pūnaha pāremata. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā whenua manapori te whiriwhiri i tētahi o ngā pūnaha kāwanatanga o nāianei, ā, me hangai tēnei kōwhiringa i waenga i ēnei pūnaha ki ngā āhuatanga o te whenua.
Tohutoro
- Erdoğan, Mustafa: Te Manapori ā-TureToa Pukapuka Tōrangapū, Putanga 9, Ankara, 2012.
- Ngā kanohi, e Kemal: Ngā Kauwhau mō te Ture Kaupapa Ture o TurkeyEkin Publications, Putanga 12, Bursa, 2011.
- Özbudun, Ergun: Ngā tautohetohe mō te pūnaha kāwanatanga (1), http://www.zaman.com.tr/yorum_huk-met-sistemi-tartismalari1_2075165.html
- Özbudun, Ergun: Ngā tautohetohe mō te pūnaha kāwanatanga (2), http://www.zaman.com.tr/yorum_hukumet-sistemi-tartismalari2_2075548.html
- Özbudun, Ergun: Ture Ture o TurkeyYetkin Publications, Putanga 9, Ankara, 2008.
[1] Ahakoa rā, tera pea ka taea te kōrero mō ngā "mana". Tuatahi, he motuhake te mana motuhake, ā, kāore e taea te wehewehe. Nō reira, he rerekē noa ngā whakamahinga o tēnei mana motuhake. Nō reira, he pai ake te kōrero mō ngā mahi rerekē a te kāwanatanga, ā, i roto i tēnei ariā, ko te wehenga o ngā mahi. Nō reira, he pai ake te kōrero mō te "wehewehenga o ngā mahi" kaua ki te "wehewehenga o ngā mana". Hei tauira, ahakoa he mahi ture, he mahi whakawā, he mahi whakatinanatanga rānei i te wā kotahi a te kāwanatanga. Nō reira, kāore e tika te kōrero mō te wehenga o ngā mana.
