I haere tonu te tamarikitanga o Edgar Feuchtwanger i tētahi tāone whai rawa o Munich, pērā i mua i te taenga mai o Hitler ki tōna tiriti – tae noa ki te pō o te 9 o Noema 1938, i te tīmatanga o te whakaekenga nui ki ngā Hūrai Tiamana.
Neke atu i te waru tekau tau kua pahure, engari kei te maumahara tonu a Feuchtwanger ki te wā tuatahi i kite ai ia i te āhua motuhake o Adolf Hitler.
I te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1930, i te kitenga o te tamaiti waru-tau te pakeke, e hikoi ana me tana kaihiki, i te rangatira Nazi, e mau ana i tōna whitiki mackintosh me tōna pōtae Trilby, e puta mai ana i tētahi whare nui i te papa tuarua.
"I titiro tika mai ia ki ahau, ki taku whakaaro kāore ia i menemene," te mahara a Feuchtwanger. I tū ētahi tāngata, ā, i karanga "Heil Hitler". Hei whakautu, i hiki ake e ia tōna pōtae, "pērā i te mahi a te kaitōrangapū manapori" i mua i tana haerenga atu i roto i tētahi motuka e tatari ana.
"Ae, i mōhio ahau ko wai ia, ahakoa he tamariki tonu," te kī a Feuchtwanger i roto i te reo Pākehā puhoi engari mārama. "I a ia e noho ana hei minita, ko ia te rangatira o te ao katoa."
Engari i taua wā, e ai ki a ia, ko te kitenga atu i a ia i te taha tata kāore i whakaoho i te wehi. "Me i whakaaroaro ahau ki tēnā, tera pea kua mataku ahau, engari kāore i pai mōku," te kī a Feuchtwanger. "I hiahia noa ahau ki te kite i a ia i reira."
E mōhio ana te tangata 88-tau te pakeke he mea rerekē pea te kōrero mō te kaituhi o te Holocaust he hoa noho noa iho ia.
"He tino whakamarie te ahua ina kōrero ahau mō taku noho i te ara kotahi me Hitler, me te mea ehara i te mea nui," tana kī mārie. "Engari he tino uaua ki te whakaaro ko te hunga i kitea e koe i ia rā, ko rātou te kawenga mō te huripokitia o te ao."
Ahakoa e rima noa iho ōna tau i te nekenga mai o te Führer o muri mai ki te rohe, e maumahara ana a Feuchtwanger ki te kī a tōna whaea "kāore i nui ā mātou miraka i tēnei rā, nā te mea he maha ngā pounamu miraka kua waiho e te kaimahi miraka" i te kāinga o Hitler.
Ko te haere i mua i te whare papai o Hitler i Prinzregentenplatz 16 kua noho hei wāhanga o te mahi a te taitama i a ia e hikoi ana ki te kura, e hoki mai ana hoki. He maha ana tūnga ki te kite mehemea ka taea e ia te kite i te tangata tonu. I tētahi wā ka maia ia ki te haere tika atu ki te tatau o mua ki te kite mehemea kei te pere tatau te ingoa o Hitler.
"Ka tae mai a Hitler ki Munich i ngā mutunga wiki. I kitea ia i te kāinga nā te mea he maha ngā motuka e tū ana i waho," te kī a Feuchtwanger. I te haruru o ngā potae o tētahi tira motuka e toru ngā motuka e haria ana ia me "te rōpū kaitiaki tinana" i karangatia ai tōna taenga mai.
Ka kī te hau i te haruru o ngā pūtu waewae e haruru ana i runga i te ara. Ka tū te hunga e hīkoi ana ki te whakanui i a ia. Ka tū hoki a Edgar taitamariki ka titiro matatau.
He noho papai ki Prinzregentenplatz 16
- He taumata teitei ake te kāinga o Hitler i Munich i te tau 1929-45 i ōna whare iti o mua.
- I te tuatahi, i riihitia te whare papa tuarua, e iwa ngā rūma, e 300 mita tapawha te rahi, mā Hitler e te kaiwhakaputa pukapuka tautoko-Nazi, a Hugo Bruckmann.
- E ai ki ngā kōrero i whakamomori a Geli Raubal, te irāmutu a Hitler, i roto i te whare, i te mea pea i whai hononga aroha rāua ko te rangatira Nazi.
- He teihana pirihimana inaianei, kāore he tohu i noho a Hitler ki reira i mua.
"I te kura, i whakatōkia ngā āhuatanga katoa o te Nazi ki roto i a mātou," tana whakamārama. Nā tētahi o āna kaiako i mea ngā ākonga kia tuhi i tētahi swastika nui ki te pene i te whārangi tuatahi o tā rātou pukapuka mahi. I tētahi atu whārangi, me tuhi e rātou he rārangi o ngā hoariri o Tiamana – ko te mea nui ko Peretānia, ko Rūhia me te US.
I waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1930, i te mārama haere o te whānuitanga o te kaupapa Nazi, he uaua tonu ki te nuinga o ngā whānau Hūrai Tiamana te whakaae kei raro rātou i te mōrearea.
"I mōhio mātou he tūpono te taenga mai o Hitler ki te mana mō mātou hei Hūrai," te kī a Feuchtwanger, ko Lion Feuchtwanger te tuakana o tōna pāpā, he kaituhi whakaari rongonui mō te whakahē i a Nazi. I pahuatia te whare o Lion Feuchtwanger i te tau 1933, i a ia e noho ana i tāwāhi – ā, kāore ia i hoki mai ki te whenua. Engari i piri tonu ngā mātua o Edgar ki te whakaaro kua ngaro rāua i te aroaro o te iwi.
Edgar Feuchtwanger
- I whānau i te 28 o Hepetema 1924 i Munich
- I tae ki Ingarangi i te tau 1939, ā, i muri i ngā tau e rima ka uru atu ki Te Whare Wānanga o Cambridge, ka ako i te Hītori.
- I noho hei kaiako hītori i Te Whare Wānanga o Southampton i te tau 1959
- I moe rāua ko Primrose Mary Essame i te tau 1962, ā, tokotoru ā rāua tamariki.
- He maha ngā pukapuka i whakaputaina, tae atu ki ngā mahi mō Disraeli, Gladstone me Bismarck – me From Weimar to Hitler: Germany, 1918-33
- E noho ana i waho o Winchester i te tonga o Ingarangi
Nā runga i ngā whakahau a Hitler, i nekehia atu ētahi atu whānau Hūrai i te rohe hei wāhi mō āna pononga me āna kaitiaki. Engari kāore tetahi i tae mai ki te patuki i te tatau o ngā Feuchtwangers.
Heoi, i te 10 o Noema 1938, i pakaru taua whakaaro haumaru rūpahu. I te atatu, ka rongo a Edgar, 14-tau te pakeke, i ngā āpiha mai i te Gestapo wehingia e tae atu ana ki te kāinga o te whānau. I te pō o mua i kite i te ngaru tuatahi o te tutu Nazi i whakaritea ki ngā Hūrai puta noa i Tiamana me ētahi wāhanga o Austria i nohoia.
I roto i te pakanga nui, e mōhiotia nei ko Kristallnacht, arā, te pō o te karāhe pakaru, e 91 ngā Hūrai i kohurutia, tekau mano i hopukina, ā, mano tini o ngā whare, pakihi me ngā whare karakia Hūrai i whakangaromia.
E maumahara ana a Feuchtwanger ki tana mātakitaki i tōna matua, i te mataku me te kore āwhina, i te wā i tangohia atu ai. "Kāore rātou i tukino i a ia," tana kī. "He tino toa tōku whaea." I muri mai, ka hoki mai ngā Gestapo me ngā waka kawe me ngā pouaka ki te hopu i ngā pukapuka tino nui i roto i te whare pukapuka nui a tōna matua. "I tapaina e rātou, i te reo Tiamana, ko te 'whakapūmau i ngā pukapuka'," te kī a Feuchtwanger.
He wā tino nui tēnei mō te tamaiti me tōna whānau. Kāore i taea e ia te haere ki te kura, ā, he maha ngā rā i noho tahi ai ia me tōna whaea me ētahi atu whanaunga tata i roto i te whare, kāore i maia ki te haere ki waho. "I tino ngoikore mātou – i te mea ka haere mai tetahi ki te turaki i a mātou kia mate, ā, kāore tetahi e mahi i tetahi mea."
E ono wiki te roa o te whānau e tatari ana mō ngā kōrero, me te mataku kei kino rawa atu. Ko tā rātou i mōhio ai ko te kawe i te pāpā o Edgar me tētahi o ōna matua kēkē ki Dachau, te puni mahi rongonui i te taha o Munich. Kātahi ka tukuna tōna pāpā, kua ngenge, kua mate, kua ngaua kinotia e te huka, engari kei te ora tonu.
I muri mai ka kōrero ia ki tāna tama ko te huarahi anake hei ora i te mana whakahaere kino o te puni ko te "kaua e kukume i te aro ki a koe anō". I te wā tonu kāore e taea e koe te mahi tonu, te hinga rānei i te kore kai, ka mea ia ki tāna tama, kua mutu koe.
I tōna hokinga atu ki a rātou, kua tino mohio te whānau me wehe atu rātou i Tiamana Nazi. Nā te āwhina a ngā whanaunga kua tae kē ki tāwāhi, i whiwhi rātou i ngā visa hei haere ki te UK.
I te marama o Pēpuere 1939, ka eke a Edgar ki te tereina e haere ana ki Rānana. I haere tahi tōna pāpā me ia tae noa ki te rohe o Hōrana, kātahi ka hoki ki Tiamana ki te whakaoti i ngā whakaritenga mōna me tana wahine kia haere tahi rāua. I te marama o Mei o taua tau ka huihui anō te whānau ki Ingarangi.
Kāore rātou i hoki anō ki tō rātou kāinga tawhito i Munich, ahakoa i tae tuatahi mai a Feuchtwanger i ngā tau 1950, i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. I haere ia ki te tirotiro i te whare tawhito o Hitler i te papa tuarua. E tū tonu ana, e ai ki tāna. Engari i ēnei rā, kāore he mea hei tohu i noho tētahi tangata i whai pānga nui ki te hītori o te ao ki reira.
(BBC News)
