E whakaatu ana te pūrongo hou mai i te Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), i whakaputaina i te 10 o Poutū-te-rangi, he mahi uaua tonu ngā mahi a Ūropi ki te whakaiti i tōna whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaha tiaki a te US.
Te Pakanga a Ūropi mō te Mana Motuhake o te Tiaki
Kei te piki haere ngā mahi a ngā iwi o Ūropi ki te whakapau moni mō te tiaki i a rātou anō, he mea kāore i kitea i mua. Kei roto i ēnei mahi ko te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki a Washington, he mahi i ahu mai i ngā kaupapa here a te Perehitini o mua o Amerika, a Donald Trump.
E ai ki te pūrongo, kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ngā whenua o Ūropi ki ngā patu i hangaia e Amerika. Mai i te tau 2020 ki te tau 2024, 64% o ngā patu i kawemaihia e ngā mema Pākehā o te NATO i ahu mai i te US. He pikinga tēnei mai i te 52% i tuhia i waenga i te tau 2015 me te tau 2019.
Te Mana o Amerika i te Mākete Pū o te Ao
Ko te Hononga o Amerika tonu te kaiwhakarato patu matua o te ao. I piki ake tana wāhanga o ngā kaweake patu o te ao mai i te 35% i te tau 2015-2019 ki te 43% i roto i ngā tau e whā kua hipa. He mea nui, mō te wā tuatahi i roto i ngā tekau tau e rua, kua hipa a Ūropi (35%) i te Middle East (33%) hei whenua whiwhi patu nui rawa atu o Amerika.
Te wehi mō ngā panonitanga kaupapa here o te US
Nā te whakamutua e Trump o te āwhina hōia ki Ukraine i muri i tētahi tautohe ki a Perehitini Volodymyr Zelensky i ara ake ai ngā āwangawanga puta noa i Ūropi. Nā te mataku kei mahi a Washington i ngā mahi ōrite ki ngā hoa whenua o Ūropi kua whakakaha ake ngā kōrero mō te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te tautoko ārai o Amerika. Heoi, e ai ki ngā kitenga a SIPRI, ehara i te mea kei te tere tonu te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga.
Te Whakamahinga a te US ki te Parepare o Ūropi
He mana nui tō te US i roto i te hangarau me te whakahaere i ngā mahi tiaki whenua, ā, he nui ake tōna mana i runga ake i ngā kaha hōia o Ūropi. He maha ngā pūnaha patu matua e whakaatu ana i tēnei whakawhirinakitanga:
- Nga rererangi whawhai F-16 kāore e taea te whakawhiti ki ngā iwi tuatoru me te kore he whakaaetanga a te US.
- Ngā pūnaha parepare pere Patriot me tautoko te US i ngā pere kia whai hua ai te mahi.
- Ngā pūnaha pere HIMARS whakawhirinaki ki ngā taunga GPS e whakahaerehia ana e te US
- Nga rererangi whawhai F-35 ka taea te whakapūmau hangarau e te US mēnā e tika ana.
I ngā wā o mua, i mahi ngā whenua Pākehā i roto i te anga o ngā hononga me ngā mātāpono rautaki. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā whanaketanga hou i te pikinga ake o te hiahia ki te whakarahi ake me te whakapakari i te rāngai parepare o Ūropi.
Ka haere tonu te hoko a Ūropi i ngā patu a te US?
Ahakoa te piki haere o ngā karanga mō te mana motuhake o te parepare, e whakapono ana te tini o ngā kaitātari ka noho tonu a Ūropi hei kaihoko matua mō ngā patu o Amerika. E kī ana a Pieter Wezeman, he Kairangahau Matua i te Kaupapa Whakawhiti Patu a SIPRI, ahakoa kei te whakapau kaha a Ūropi ki te whakapakari i tana umanga patu, kei te mau tonu ngā hononga parepare hohonu o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Kua tono ngā iwi NATO i Ūropi i te tata ki te 500 ngā waka rererangi whawhai i hangaia e te US, me ētahi atu patu.
Te Pikinga o te Kaweake Pū i Parani me Itari
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga a SIPRI i a Wīwī hei whenua matua ki te kaweake patu i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. I tua atu i a Rūhia, ko Wīwī te tuarua o ngā whenua o te ao i muri i a US. I waenganui i te tau 2020 me te tau 2024, i piki ake te kaweake patu a Wīwī ki ētahi atu whenua o Ūropi mā te 187%, nā ngā hoko ki Kariki, Croatia, me Ukraine i ārahi nui. Ko Īnia me Qatar tonu ngā kaihoko matua o Wīwī.
I kitea hoki e Itari he pikinga nui o ngā kaweake patu, mai i te 10 ki te 6 o te ao, me te pikinga o ngā hoko mā te 138%. Ko Pōrana, tētahi atu kaihokohoko patu hou, i kite i te pikinga whakamiharo o tana hokohoko patu mā te 4031%.
Ngā Kaihoko Pū Matua o Ūropi
Ko te United Kingdom te mea kei runga rawa i te rārangi o ngā kaihoko patu i Ūropi, ā, ko Pōrana te mea whai muri, i piki ake te kawemai o ngā patu mā te 508%. Ko Hōrana te tuatoru, ā, ko Itari te mea i tino heke te uara, me te hekenga o ngā kawemai mā te 27%.
Ehara i te mea miharo, ko Ukraine te whenua kawemai patu nui rawa atu i Ūropi i ngā tau e whā kua pahure ake nei, ā, i piki ake ngā kawemai patu mā te 9627% i mua i te kitenga atu nā te pakanga tonu ki a Rūhia.
Te pikinga ake o ngā kaweake patu a Turkey
Kua noho a Turkey hei kaitākaro nui i roto i te mākete patu o te ao, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā kitenga a SIPRI. Mai i te tau 2015 ki te 2019, ko te wāhi o Turkey ki ngā kaweake patu o te ao he 0.8%. Heoi, i waenga i te tau 2020 me te 2024, neke atu i te rua te pikinga o tēnei whika ki te 1.7%, he pikinga 103%. Inaianei kei te tū a Turkey i te 11 o ngā kaihokohoko patu 25 o te ao.
Ko ngā kaihoko kawemai matua o ngā patu a Turkey i tēnei wā ko te United Arab Emirates, Pakitāne, me Qatar. I taua wā anō, kua heke te kawemai patu a Turkey mā te 33%, ā, kua heke tōna wāhi ki ngā kawemai patu o te ao ki te 1.1%.
Te Whanuitanga Rautaki a Turkey ki Āwherika
E whakaatahia ana hoki ngā mahi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a Turkey ki Āwherika i roto i tana hokohoko patu. I te pikinga ake o ngā āwangawanga mō te haumarutanga, kua rua te nui o ngā kawemai patu a ngā iwi o Āwherika ki te Hauāuru ki te whakataurite ki te wā 2015-2019. Kei roto a Turkey i ngā kaiwhakarato matua e toru ki te rohe, me Haina (26%) me Parani (14%), ā, e 11% te hea o Turkey me Rūhia.
Te Hekenga o ngā Hokonga Pū a Rūhia
Kua tino heke te nui o ngā kaweake patu a Rūhia, e ai ki te SIPRI, mā te 62%. E kī ana ngā tohunga nā te pakanga i Ukraine tēnei, i piki ake ai te hiahia o Rūhia mō ngā taputapu hōia, me ngā whiu a te Hauāuru e aukati ana i tana hokohoko patu. Ko Rūhia tonu te kaiwhakarato matua ki Īnia (38%), Haina (17%), me Kazakhstan (11%), engari kei te memeha haere tōna mana i te mākete o te ao.
Te Anamata o te Pareparenga o Ūropi
I te mea kei te mau tonu ngā taupatupatu whenua, kei te aroaro o Ūropi tētahi whakatau nui: me whakawhirinaki tonu ki te tautoko a te ope taua o Amerika, me tere ake rānei ngā mahi ki te whakatutuki i te mana motuhake o te parepare. Ahakoa kei te kaha tonu ngā hononga parepare whakawhiti-Ataratiki, kei te kaha haere te pana mō te mana motuhake o Ūropi. Mā ngā tau e haere ake nei ka whakakitea mēnā ka taea e Ūropi te wehe atu i te mana o Amerika, ka noho tonu rānei hei kaitākaro matua i roto i te whatunga parepare rautaki a Washington.
