Ahakoa te āhua hē o ngā mahi whakamataku a te Islamic Republic i tēnei rā, me pēhea rā āpōpō?
I tēnei marama, i whakaae tetahi kaihoko waka tawhito nō Iran, nō Amerika, ki te hara mō te whakatakoto mahere me ngā āpiha o Iran ki te kōhuru i te karere o Saudi ki te Hononga o Amerika. Ko te whakaae hara a Mansour Arbabsiar te mutunga o tēnei kōrero, engari ko te pono he nui ake ngā pātai e ara ake ana i ngā whakautu.
Kāore i tino tautohetia ngā meka. I te tīmatanga o te rongonga a ngā āpiha o Amerika i te mahere, ā, i hangaia he take ārai. Ko te kaikōhuru i ngana a Arbabsiar ki te utu he kaiwhakamōhio DEA. I te hopukanga, ka whaki a Arbabsiar. I raro i te tohutohu a ngā pirihimana, ka waea atu ia ki tōna whanaunga me te kaiwhakahaere o te Quds Force, a Gholam Shakuri. I te whakarongo a ngā āpiha, ka tohe a Shakuri kia haere tonu a Arbabsiar me te mahere. "Me mahi wawe. Kua pō."
Engari he aha te take i hiahia nui ai te Ope Taua o Quds, i whiwhi ingoa mō te kaha o ā rātou mahi, ahakoa i waenga i ōna hoariri, ki te anga whakamua me tētahi mahi he? Te āhua nei he tangata ngoikore a Arbabsiar e "hiahia ana kia whai mana," e ai ki te whakatau a tētahi tohunga hinengaro i puritia e te kāwanatanga. I kumea ia ki roto i te mahere e tōna whanaunga, he hēnerara i roto i te Ope Taua o Quds, te peka o te Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi o waho. Nō reira, ko te pātai tūturu: He aha ngā whakaaro o te Ope Taua o Quds?
E ai ki te Kaiwhakahaere o te Maramarama ā-Motu, a James Clapper, ko te kaupapa "e whakaatu ana kua whakarerekētia e ētahi o ngā āpiha o Iran - tae atu ki te Kaiārahi Matua a Ali Khamenei - ā rātou tātaitanga, ā, kua kaha ake rātou ki te whakahaere i tētahi whakaeke i te Hononga o Amerika hei whakautu ki ngā mahi tūturu, ngā mahi whakaaro rānei a te US e whakawehi ana i te kāwanatanga."
E whakapono ana ngā āpiha matauranga i ahu mai tēnei tātaitanga hou i te marama o Hānuere 2010, i te wā i whakatau ai te Ope Taua o Quds me Hezbollah, tōna māngai matua mō ngā kaiwhakatuma, ki te tīmata i tētahi pakanga hou mō te tutu e aro ana ki a Iharaira, engari ki te US me ētahi atu o ngā ūnga o te Hauāuru hoki.
I muri i te whakaekenga i ngā tūruhi o Iharaira i te tāone o Burgas i Bulgaria i te marama o Hūrae kua taha ake nei, ka karanga mai te tini o ngā kairīpoata ki ahau kia whakamārama i te kaupapa o te whakaekenga. I te whakaoti i tētahi pukapuka mō Hezbollah — Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God, ka puta i te tau e tū mai nei — engari kāore tonu i taea te whakanoho i te whakaekenga ki roto i te tikanga o Hezbollah. I te nui haere o taku whakaaro mōna, ka nui haere taku pōhēhē. Nō reira, i tino pouri taku ētita, i mawehe atu ahau i taku papapātuhi kia roa ai te wā ki te tūtaki ki ngā tāngata whenua me ngā āpiha matauranga me ngā āpiha hōia mai i ētahi whenua hei ngana ki te whakamārama i te ia hou o ngā whakaekenga a ngā kaitōrangapū Shia e hono ana ki a Īrāna me ōna kaitautoko. Koinei taku i mārama ai.
Hei mārama ki te whakatau a Iran i te marama o Hānuere 2010 ki te whakauru atu ki tētahi pakanga hou o te tutu, me hoki whakamuri ki te kōhurutanga o te kaiwhakatuma matua o Hezbollah, a Imad Mughniyeh, i te marama o Pēpuere 2008, i whakapaetia ko ia te kawenga mō te pōma i te whare o ngā Marines o Amerika i Beirut i te tau 1984, te tahae i te TWA Flight 847 i te tau 1985, me ētahi atu whakaekenga maha. Whai muri i te matenga o Mughniyeh i Ramahiku, i karanga te kaiārahi o Hezbollah, a Hassan Nasrallah, kia "pakanga tuwhera" ki a Iharaira. "Mā te toto o Imad Mughniyeh rātou [Iharaira] e wehe atu i te ao," te oati a Nasrallah.
I roto i ngā wiki, ka whakamātau a Hezbollah i te tuatahi o ngā mahere maha i rahua, ā, i whakakorengia hoki — he raupapa o ngā pahūtanga motuka i te wā kotahi huri noa i ngā karere o Iharaira me Amerika, te tahae i te karere o Iharaira, me te pahūtanga o te pourewa radar i Baku, Azerbaijan — i whakaarohia hei whakatutuki i te riri a Nasrallah. He maha atu ngā mahere i whakakorengia, ā, i ārahi te Quds Force ki te mahi tahi me Hezbollah me te whakarato tautoko nui mō te pahūtanga nui i Turkey i te ngahuru o te tau 2009. I whakakorengia e ngā mana whakahaere o Turkey tētahi mahere i whakaarohia ai e Hezbollah me ngā āpiha o Iran e whakaari ana hei tūruhi ki te whakaeke i ngā ūnga o Iharaira me Amerika pea me ngā Hūrai o te rohe. E ai ki tētahi kōrero, he pūtau i arahina e Abbas Hossein Zakr e titiro ana ki te patu i ngā tūruhi o Iharaira, ngā kaipuke, ngā waka rererangi rānei o Iharaira, ngā whare karakia rānei i Turkey. I hopukina e ngā pirihimana o Turkey ngā āpiha o Hezbollah i kīia i kawe puku i tētahi pahūtanga motuka ki te whenua mai i Hiria i te wā i wehe atu ai ngā āpiha o Quds Force i te whenua e whakaari ana hei tūruhi.
Ko te whakaekenga i kore i angitu i Turkey he kaupapa nui mō ngā kaiwhakamahere mahi a Hezbollah me ā rātou kaitautoko o Iran. E ai ki ngā āpiha matauranga o Iharaira, i puta he kēmu whakapae i waenganui i a Hezbollah me te Quds Force i ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, i te mea e tohu ana ngā taha e rua tetahi ki tetahi mō ngā mahi i rahua. I taua wā, i te mutunga o te tau 2009, kua piki haere te hiahia o Iran ki te whakamahi i a Hezbollah ki te whawhai ki ngā tūmomo riri ki tana kaupapa karihi hou. I hiahia te Islamic Republic ki tētahi kaiwhakahau: Nā ngā wāhanga kore mahi i pakaru ai ngā centrifuge o Iran, kua peka atu ngā āpiha IRGC, ā, i te marama o Hanuere 2010 i mate te ahorangi ahupūngao Iranian a Masoud Ali Mohammadi i waho o tōna kāinga i Tehran i tētahi poma.
I riri nui ngā āpiha o Iran mō te matenga o Mohammadi, ā, e rua ngā whakatau i muri i tēnei: Tuatahi, me whakaora anō e Hezbollah ōna kaha whakahaere. Tuarua, kāore te IRGC e mahi hei kaimahi ratonga anake hei tautoko i ngā tāngata patu a Hezbollah — inaianei ka tukuna e ia ngā kaimahi o te Quds Force ki te whakahaere i te whakaeke kaiwhakatuma ki tāwāhi.
Ā, i te tūranga a Īrāna ki te kī atu ki a Hezbollah kei hea rātou e uru ana ki roto i ngā mahere a Īrāna. I te marama o Pēpuere, i whakaahuahia e Clapper te whanaungatanga i waenga i a Hezbollah me Īrāna hei "whakaritenga mahi tahi, ko ngā Īrāna te hoa matua." Ko tēnei "mahi tahi rautaki," e ai ki te kaiwhakahaere o te National Counterterrorism Center, a Matthew Olson, he hua o te whanaketanga roa mai i te tekau tau atu i 1980, i te wā he māngai noa iho a Hezbollah mō Īrāna.
I raro i ngā tohutohu a Iran, i whakahaerehia he whakahoutanga nui ki te parirau kaiwhakatuma o te ao o Hezbollah, te Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO). I tohua mai ngā kaimahi hou mai i te hunga rangatira o te parirau hōia o Hezbollah mō te whakangungu matauranga me te whakahaere, i te wā i nekehia ai ngā kaimahi o te IJO ki ngā tūranga hou. I taua wā anō, i haumi te IJO ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga me ngā mahi toi i memeha haere i muri i te whakatau a te rōpū ki te aukati i te nuinga o ngā mahi ki tāwāhi hei ngana ki te karo i ngā tohu o te pakanga i muri i te 9/11 ki te whakatuma.
Hei wāhanga o tana hurihanga IJO, i uru atu a Hezbollah ki ngā kōrero taipitopito me ngā āpiha o Iran hei whakatakoto i te tūranga o Hezbollah i roto i te mahere whānui a Iran mō tētahi pakanga atarangi kua whakaritea e aro ana ki ngā painga o ngā whenua o Iharaira, o Amerika, o Peretānia, me te Moana-a-Kiwa Arapi. Ko te mahere i whakatauhia e rātou ka uru atu ki ngā mahi e whai ana kia tutuki ai ētahi whāinga rerekē, tae atu ki te rapu utu mō te kōhurutanga o Mughniyeh, te rapu utu mō ngā whakaekenga ki te kaupapa karihi a Iran, me te whakatenatena i ngā mana o te Hauāuru ka arahi te whakaekenga ki a Iran ki ngā whakaeke kaiwhakatuma kore taurite puta noa i te ao.
Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, i whakatau ngā kaiwhakatau o Iran ki te whakahaere i tētahi pakanga tutu i runga i ngā whāinga whānui e toru: ngā tūruhi o Iharaira, ngā whāinga kāwanatanga whaimana (ngā tāngata whenua, ngā āpiha reti), me ngā whāinga e tohu whānuitia ana mō Iharaira, mō te hapori Hūrai rānei (ngā kaiārahi hapori, ngā kamupene rongonui o Iharaira). I tukuna te mahi ki te arotahi ki ngā tūruhi o Iharaira — he whāinga ngāwari — ki a Hezbollah, ā, i tukuna ki te Quds Force te kawenga mō ngā mahi e arotahi ana ki ngā painga o Iharaira, o Amerika, o Peretānia, o ngā whenua o te Moana-a-Kiwa rānei. Ko te mea whakamutunga ka whakahaerehia e te Unit 400, te peka mahi motuhake hou a te Quds Force.
Kua mōhiotia whānuitia te pakanga i whai ake. I uru atu ki ngā mahi a Hezbollah ngā mahere ki Bulgaria, Thailand, Awherika ki te Tonga, me Cyprus. I taua wā, i mahi ngā kaimahi o te Quds Force i Īnia, Georgia, Thailand, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Kenya, me — mā Mansour Arbabsiar — te Hononga o Amerika. I tino hiahia a Tehran ki te whakatinana i tana rautaki hou me te rapu utu mō ngā whakaekenga huna ki tana kaupapa karihi, nō reira i hokohoko te Quds Force i te tere mō te mahi hokohoko — ā, i hauhake i tā rātou i rui. I ētahi wā, i whakamahia e ngā āpiha o Iran te haumarutanga mahi whakakatakata; i ētahi atu wā, he kuware ngā āpiha, pērā i a Arbabsiar.
Engari he pono tonu ngā tūmomo whakawehi. I te marama o Hune kua taha ake nei, i kī a Jonathan Evans, te kaiwhakahaere matua o te tari matauranga o Peretānia MI5, ko te mahere ki te kōhuru i te karere a Saudi Arabia i Washington "e anga tika ana ki te kaiārahi o Iran."
E tino ora ake ana te Ope Taua Quds i tōna mangere mahi, ā, te āhua nei kua piripono ngā kaiārahi o Iran ki tētahi kaupapa here e aro ana ki ngā hiahia o te Hauāuru. Ko te whakaae hara a Arbabsiar te mutunga o tētahi upoko o te pakanga atarangi a Iran ki te Hauāuru, engari me noho mataara tonu ngā mana whakahaere mō ngā mahere kei te haere mai.
( Kaupapahere Tawahi )
