Lipoti laposachedwa lochokera ku Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), lofalitsidwa pa Marichi 10, likuwonetsa kuti zoyesayesa za Europe zochepetsa kudalira mphamvu zachitetezo cha US zikadali ntchito yovuta.
Kulimbana kwa Kudziteteza ku Europe
Mayiko aku Europe akuchulukirachulukira kuchita zinthu zomwe sizinachitikepo pakugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo. Zina mwa zoyesererazi ndikuyesa kuchepetsa kudalira Washington, kusuntha komwe kudakhudzidwa ndi mfundo za Purezidenti wakale wa US a Donald Trump.
Malinga ndi lipotilo, mayiko a ku Ulaya amadalira kwambiri zida zopangidwa ndi America. Kuchokera ku 2020 mpaka 2024, 64% ya zida zomwe zidatumizidwa ndi mamembala a NATO ku Europe zidachokera ku US.
US Dominance mu Global Arms Market
United States idakali mtsogoleri padziko lonse wogulitsa zida zankhondo. Gawo lake lazogulitsa zida zapadziko lonse lapansi lidakwera kuchoka pa 35% mu 2015-2019 kufika 43% mzaka zinayi zapitazi. Makamaka, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka makumi awiri, Europe (35%) yagonjetsa Middle East (33%) monga wolandira kwambiri zida za US.
Kuopa Kusintha kwa Ndondomeko za US
Kuyimitsa kwa Trump thandizo lankhondo ku Ukraine pambuyo pa mkangano ndi Purezidenti Volodymyr Zelensky kudadzetsa nkhawa ku Europe konse. Kuopa kuti Washington ikhoza kuchitanso chimodzimodzi motsutsana ndi ogwirizana nawo aku Europe kwalimbikitsa zokambirana za kuchepetsa kudalira thandizo la chitetezo cha America. Komabe, monga momwe SIPRI ikusonyezera, kukwaniritsa cholingachi sikuli nthawi yomweyo.
US Ikuwonjezera Kuteteza Chitetezo ku Europe
A US amasangalala ndi luso laukadaulo komanso luso pachitetezo, ndikuwapatsa mwayi wopitilira mphamvu zankhondo zaku Europe. Zida zingapo zazikuluzikulu zikuwonetsa kudalira uku:
- Ndege zankhondo za F-16 sizingasinthidwe kumayiko ena popanda chilolezo cha US.
- Zida zoteteza zida za Patriot zimafuna thandizo la zida za US kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
- Makina oponya amtundu wa HIMARS kudalira njira za GPS zoyendetsedwa ndi US
- Ndege zankhondo za F-35 akhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwaukadaulo ndi US ngati kuli kofunikira.
Zakale, maiko aku Europe adagwira ntchito mkati mwamigwirizano ndi mfundo zanzeru. Komabe, zomwe zachitika posachedwa zikuwonetsa kufunikira kowonjezereka kolimbikitsa komanso kulimbikitsa gawo lachitetezo ku Europe.
Kodi Europe Ipitiliza Kugula Zida Zaku US?
Ngakhale kukulirakulira kukuyitanitsa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Europe ikhalabe wogula wamkulu wa zida zaku America. Pieter Wezeman, Wofufuza Wamkulu pa SIPRI's Arms Transfers Programme, akunena kuti pamene Ulaya akuyesetsa kulimbikitsa makampani ake a zida zankhondo, zigwirizano zozama kwambiri za chitetezo cha nyanja ya Atlantic zikupitirirabe. Mayiko a NATO ku Europe alamula pafupifupi ndege zankhondo za 500 zopangidwa ndi US, pakati pa zida zina.
France ndi Italy Akukwera Pakutumiza Zida Zankhondo
Zambiri za SIPRI zikuwonetsa dziko la France ngati lomwe likutsogola kutumiza zida zankhondo ku European Union. Kuposa Russia, France tsopano ili pachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa US Pakati pa 2020 ndi 2024, zida za ku France zimatumizidwa kumayiko ena aku Europe zidakwera ndi 187%, zomwe zimayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi kugulitsa ku Greece, Croatia, ndi Ukraine. India ndi Qatar akadali ogula kwambiri ku France.
Italy idalembanso chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha kutumiza zida kunja, kukwera kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 6 padziko lonse lapansi, ndikugulitsa kwa 138%. Poland, wogulitsa zida wina wotuluka kunja, adawona kuwonjezeka kodabwitsa kwa 4031% pamalonda ake a zida.
Otsogolera Zida Zankhondo ku Europe
United Kingdom ili pamwamba pa mndandanda wa ogula zida ku Ulaya, kutsatiridwa ndi Poland, yomwe inalembetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 508% kwa zida zotumizidwa kunja. Dziko la Netherlands lili pachitatu, pomwe Italy idatsika kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa 27% pazogulitsa kunja.
Mosadabwitsa, wotumiza zida zapamwamba kwambiri ku Europe pazaka zinayi zapitazi wakhala Ukraine, yemwe katundu wake adakwera ndi 9627% yomwe inali isanachitikepo chifukwa cha nkhondo yomwe ikuchitika ndi Russia.
Turkey Rising Arms Exports
Dziko la Turkey lakhala gawo lalikulu pamsika wa zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, monga momwe SIPRI yapeza. Kuchokera mu 2015 mpaka 2019, gawo la Turkey pazogulitsa zida zapadziko lonse lapansi linali 0.8%. Komabe, pakati pa 2020 ndi 2024, chiwerengerochi chinawonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka 1.7%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 103%. Dziko la Turkey tsopano lili pa nambala 11 pakati pa mayiko 25 otumiza zida zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi.
Otsatsa apamwamba a Mikono yaku Turkey Panthawi imeneyi anali United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, ndi Qatar. Pakadali pano, katundu wa zida zankhondo ku Turkey adatsika ndi 33%, ndikuchepetsa gawo lawo lankhondo padziko lonse lapansi kukhala 1.1%.
Turkey Strategic Kukula mu Africa
Zochita zaukazembe za Turkey ku Africa zikuwonekeranso mu malonda ake a zida. Pomwe nkhawa zachitetezo zikuchulukirachulukira, mayiko akumadzulo kwa Africa achulukitsa zida zawo kumayiko akunja poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya 2015-2019. Dziko la Turkey tsopano lili pakati pa ogulitsa atatu apamwamba kuderali, pamodzi ndi China (26%) ndi France (14%), Turkey ndi Russia aliyense ali ndi gawo la 11%.
Kutsika kwa Russia pa Kugulitsa Zida
Kugulitsa zida zankhondo ku Russia kwatsika kwambiri, kutsika ndi 62% malinga ndi SIPRI. Akatswiri amati izi ndi nkhondo ya ku Ukraine, yomwe yawonjezera kufunikira kwa zida zankhondo ku Russia, kuphatikiza zilango zaku Western zoletsa malonda ake a zida. Russia ikadali yofunikira kwambiri ku India (38%), China (17%), ndi Kazakhstan (11%), koma chikoka chake chikuchepa pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Tsogolo la Chitetezo cha ku Europe
Pamene mikangano yazandale ikupitilira, Europe ikuyang'anizana ndi chisankho chovuta: pitilizani kudalira thandizo lankhondo la US kapena kufulumizitsa zoyesayesa zodzitetezera. Ngakhale kuti zigwirizano zachitetezo cha transatlantic zimakhalabe zolimba, kukankhira kudziyimira pawokha kwachitetezo ku Europe kukukulirakulira. Zaka zikubwerazi ziwulula ngati Europe ingasiye kulamuliridwa ndi US kapena kukhalabe wosewera wofunikira pachitetezo chachitetezo cha Washington.
