Masana ndi masana m’nkhalango yamitengo yolimba m’mphepete mwa Cumberland Plateau, ndipo ma cicadas akuimba..
David Haskell
Nkhono ya Mesomphix inadutsa patsamba lomwe lagwa la magnolia ku Shakerag Hollow, Tenn., komwe David Haskell adachita kafukufuku wosinkhasinkha kwa chaka chonse.
David Haskell, katswiri wazachilengedwe komanso wasayansi yachisinthiko pa Yunivesite ya Kumwera, akunditengera gawo la maekala 13,000 a yunivesiteyo, kupita ku bwalo laling'ono la nkhalango lomwe lili pamtunda wa bwalo. Iye anachezera nkhalango yosankhidwa mwachisawawa imeneyi “mandala,” monga momwe amatchulira, nthaŵi zambiri m’kati mwa chaka chimodzi nalemba zimene ananena mu “Forest Unseen: A Year’s Watch in Nature.”
Iye akulozera maluwa, salamanders, tizilombo, mitengo, pamene ife tikutsatira njira yovala bwino yoyendamo, ndikuima kwa kamphindi kuti timvetsere. Iye anati, imeneyi ndi cicadas m’dambo, osati imene imaswa nthawi imodzi pambuyo pa zaka zambiri mobisa n’kumenyetsa khutu mopanda chifundo.
"Kodi chinali chaka chatha kapena chaka chomwe tidakhala ndi ma cicadas azaka 13?" Akutero. "Ndinatsitsa meter yanga yamphamvu ya mawu kupita pamalo pomwe panali phokoso kwambiri, ndipo idafika pa ma decibel 90. Pa 85 OSHA imati mufunika chitetezo chakumva kuntchito kwanu.
"Aliyense amadana nawo."
Koma kwa iye, phokosolo ndi biological alchemy, kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala phokoso. “Anyamatawa akhala akudyetsa mizu kwa zaka 13. Chifukwa chake zatha zaka 13 zakuphatikiza nkhalango za Tennessee zikuwonongeka. ”
Ndi malingaliro otere, pakati pa fanizo ndi zolemba zapamunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawu ake akhale olandirika m'dziko la olemba chilengedwe. Amaganiza ngati katswiri wa zamoyo, amalemba ngati wolemba ndakatulo, ndipo amapereka chilengedwe chamtundu wa chidwi chotseguka chomwe munthu amayembekezera kuchokera kwa amonke a Zen m'malo mwa wasayansi woyendetsedwa ndi malingaliro. Iye amapewa mawu onga akuti “kusokonekera kwa chilengedwe” ndipo amakana kudzudzula anthu oopa tizilombo. Mawu ake ndi achikale kwambiri, ozikidwa mu aesthetics mofanana ndi sayansi.
“Mungakhale ndi moyo wachimwemwe kotheratu musanamvepo za Shakespeare,” iye akutero, “koma moyo wanu wacheperachepera pang’ono, chifukwa kumeneko kuli kukongola kotereku.
“Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti chimodzimodzinso ndi chilengedwe. Zambiri ndizopanda ntchito kwa ife, ndipo nzabwino Sizowona kuti zamoyo zonse zomwe zimasoweka zimakhala ngati chiwombankhanga china chochoka mundege ndipo ndegeyo ikugwa. Tinataya njiwa ya okwera ndipo chuma cha US sichinayende bwino. Koma tinataya njiwa ndipo tinataya nyimbo zochititsa chidwi zimenezi zopangidwa ndi maatomu ndi DNA.”
Dr. Haskell ankafuna kufotokoza nkhani ya zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango komanso kuti adzitsitsimutse ndi kusinkhasinkha kwa mbiri yakale, mosiyana ndi kafukufuku wasayansi wotsogoleredwa ndi zolinga. Amakhala ndi chizolowezi chatsiku ndi tsiku chokhala ndi kukhazikika pakupuma kwake (sagwiritsa ntchito liwu loti “kusinkhasinkha”) mosatsata chipembedzo chilichonse. Komabe, amadzipatula ku anthu osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, monga Richard Dawkins, akunena kuti ali ndi "kukayikitsa kwakukulu kuti dziko lapansi ndi loposa maatomu omwe amadzikonza okha."
Sanachite zoyesera kapena kufufuza pa nkhalango yake. Iye anakhala, napenya, namvetsera.
Iye anati: “Ndinali ndi lens ya dzanja langa, mabinoculars ndi kabuku. “Ndipo zinali choncho. Ndipo zowona mtima zanga. ”
Komabe, iye sadana ndi luso lamakono pankhani yofikira omvera. Amalemba (davidhaskell.wordpress.com) ndi ma tweets (@dghaskell).
Pamene tikuyenda m’nkhalangomo, akulozera za shagbark hickory, baneberry (“zapoizoni kwambiri”) ndi blue cohosh (“simungafune kuzidya”). Nkhalangoyi ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi zomera chifukwa chakuti siinavutikepo chifukwa cha madzi oundana amene anasakaza nkhalango zambiri zakumpoto m’nyengo yachisanu yapitayi. Bwalo lake laling'ono lili m'dera lomwe silinachitikepo kwa zaka mazana ambiri.
Koma nkhalangoyi si chipululu chodziŵika bwino, monga momwe zilili zoonekeratu kuti mpira wa gofu wa apo ndi apo umapumira pansi. Njira yomwe tikuyendayi ndi yotsikira m'mbali mwa phiri lokhalokha, lomwe lili ndi bwalo la gofu. “Amandikumbutsa mazira,” akutero Dr. Haskell. "Mumaswa chimodzi mwazinthu izi ndikupeza golfer."
Dr. Haskell anabadwira ku England, anakulira ku Paris ndipo anaphunzira ku Oxford ndi Cornell asanabwere ku Tennessee, zaka 16 zapitazo, ndi mkazi wake, Sarah Vance. Chotsatira cha mbiri yake n’chakuti kalankhulidwe kake n’kovuta kumveketsa, akuti, kulikonse kumene akupita, anthu amangonena kuti, “Sindinu wa kuno.”
Ku Oxford anakumana ndi anthu awiri omwe anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa njira yake: katswiri wa zamoyo William Hamilton, yemwe adaphunzira naye, ndi Mayi Vance, katswiri wa zamoyo, wojambula, woweta mbuzi ndi sopo. Amakhala pamalo ochepera maekala ku Sewanee ndi dimba ndi mbuzi za mkaka za Ms. Vance's Cudzoo Farm, pamodzi ndi abakha, akalulu, njuchi, galu ndi amphaka angapo.
Mkazi wake, Dr. Haskell anati, “anandiphunzitsadi mmene zingakhalire kuyang’ana chilengedwe ndi diso lachifundo. Ndi diso losamala.”
Dr. Hamilton, amene ntchito yake yofotokoza za majini yothandiza anthu ena inalimbikitsa buku la Dr. Dawkins lakuti “Selfish Gene” ndi “Sociobiology” la EO Wilson, anamuphunzitsa kuti “malingaliro aakuluwo sanali otsutsana ndi zochitika zenizeni za m’mbiri ya chilengedwe.” Ali m’munda, iye anati, Dr. Hamilton “adzakhala akuwona timaluwa tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono tating’ono kundiuza kuti ndisaikepo njinga yanga.”
Buck Butler
David Haskell
Bowa wa inky cap.
David Haskell
Chigoba cha nkhono ya tiger ya Cumberland. Zosonkhanitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1800, chipolopolocho chimachitikira ku Smithsonian Institution.
Tikufika pabwalo limene Dr. Haskell ananena zowona zake, malo amene anasankha, akulemba kuti, “mwa kuyenda mwachisawawa m’nkhalango ndi kuima pamene ndinapeza mwala woyenera kukhalapo.” Dzina lakuti "mandala" linauziridwa ndi zojambula za mchenga zopangidwa ndi amonke achi Buddha. Pofotokoza kupangidwa kwawo, iye analemba kuti, “Chilengedwe chonse chimaoneka kudzera m’chenga chaching’onochi.”
M’bukulo, iye akufunsa kuti, “Kodi nkhalango yonseyo ingawonedwe kudzera pawindo laling’ono lolingalira la masamba, miyala ndi madzi?”
Koma mosiyana ndi mandala, yomwe imayitana diso ndi zovuta zake, kachidutswa kakang'ono kameneka kalibe chilichonse chomwe chingakope diso la wodutsa. Iye akuyang’ananso n’kunena kuti, “Chinthu choyamba chimene ndikuona ndi ndodo yaikulu yakale iyi imene yagwera apa ndipo yagwa kuchokera pamene ndinalemba bukuli. Ndipo pali chimbalangondo chomwe chakhalapo kuyambira pamene chinagwa ndipo chatulutsa chikumbu chimodzi mwa nkhunizo.”
“Nthaŵi zambiri, mukakhala kuno kwakanthaŵi, chinachake chidzachitika,” iye akutero. Kulira kwa mbalame kumaboola phokoso la cicadas. "Kuli blue jay. Palinso cicadas. Pali okolola akungoyendayenda.
Anathera nthawi yochuluka akufufuza bukhulo monga momwe adachitira pa mandala, ndipo kukongola kwina komwe amajambula ndi nzeru, osati zachiwerewere, zomwe zimapezeka mu mikangano ndi mgwirizano wa m'nkhalango. Ponena za poizoni wa m’zomera ndi kuchotserapo poizoni m’zamoyo za zomera zina zodya zitsamba, iye analemba kuti: “Mandala si phwando lodikirira alendo kuti afike koma chakudya cha mdyerekezi cha mbale zapoizoni zimene nyama zodya zitsamba zimathyolamo tizigawo tating’ono ting’ono takupha.”
Akawona mavu amtundu wa ichneumon ali mu kuwala kwadzuwa akuthamanga, akufufuza, amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero ndi luso lake la kuona kuti afotokoze nthawiyo: “Mphindi iliyonse kapena iŵiri mavu amazungulira m’mbali mwawo ndi kunjenjemera pamodzi miyendo yawo, akuchotsa silika imene imalowa m’mbali mwawo. akangaude afalikira pamwamba pa mandala.”
Kenaka amagwiritsira ntchito mbiri yakale ndi biology kuti azindikire kuti zizolowezi zoberekera za mavu - zimayika mazira awo mu mbozi, zomwe mphutsi, zikaswa, zimadya kuchokera mkati - zinayambitsa "vuto la zoipa" kwa Darwin ndipo zinamutsogolera ku agnosticism. .
Sayansi, komabe, sinamupatse kuzindikira kwake kosatha, komwe kunabwera pamene anali kuyang'ana agologolo pa tsiku la December ladzuwa. Sanali kuchita mantha monga mwa nthawi zonse, akulemba motero.
Iye analemba kuti: “Ndimawayang’ana kwa ola lathunthu, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amatulutsa dzuŵa, miyendo yake itatambasuka.” Ndi chochitika chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chenjezo motsutsana ndi kuwerenga mozama kwa chilengedwe.
Iye analemba kuti: “Sayansi imalimbitsa ubwenzi wathu ndi dziko. Koma pali ngozi m’lingaliro la sayansi lokha. Nkhalango imasandulika kukhala chithunzi; nyama zimangokhala njira; ntchito za chilengedwe zimakhala zithunzi zanzeru."
Agologolo amenewa anali chinthu chinanso. “Iwo ali ndi moyo; ndi abale athu,” akulemba motero. Ndipo akuwoneka kuti amasangalala ndi dzuwa, chodabwitsa chomwe sichipezeka paliponse m'maphunziro amakono a zamoyo." Sayansi ndi nkhani imodzi, akulemba kuti, yowona koma yosakwanira, ndipo dziko silingathe kuzunguliridwa munkhani imodzi.
Komabe, wasayansi wake wamkati - polemba, kujambula, kulemba - sakhala kutali kwambiri. Titakhala pa mandala, Dr. Haskell amayang'anitsitsa chinthu chaching'ono pambuyo pa chinzake, ngakhale tikuyandikira nthawi yotuluka m'nkhalango.
“Taonani,” iye akutero, “pali kiriketi yakale yakale. Zikuwoneka kwa ine ngati imodzi mwa crickets zamphanga zomwe zili ndi tinyanga zazitali zazitali. Ndi mtundu wamtundu womwe sindinauwonepo m'bwaloli. "
