Mphukira iyi, malo akuluakulu amafuta a gasi (GCC), oyamba amtundu wake ku Central Asia, adatumizidwa m'mudzi wa Kiyanly kumadzulo kwa dzikolo ndi Purezidenti wa Turkmenistan. GCC ikuyembekezeka kukonza gasi wachilengedwe wokwana 5 biliyoni pachaka ndikupanga zinthu zingapo zomalizidwa za polima, zambiri zomwe ziyenera kutumizidwa kunja. Chifukwa chake, makampani opanga gasi omwe angotuluka kumene ku Turkmenistan achulukitsa kwambiri kupanga ndi kutumiza kunja.
Kiyanly GCC idzatulutsa matani 381 a polyethylene wolemera kwambiri, matani 81 a polypropylene ndi zinthu zina zomwe zikufunika m'misika yapakhomo ndi yakunja. Zikuganiziridwanso kuti nyumbayi idzatulutsa mpweya wokwana 4.5 biliyoni pachaka womwe udzalowetsedwe pamapaipi a gasi kumadzulo kwa Turkmenistan.
Ntchitoyi ikupitilira madola 3.4 biliyoni aku US. Idakhazikitsidwa ndi Turkmengas State Concern mogwirizana ndi LG International Corp, Hyundai Engineering (Republic of Korea) ndi TOYO Engineering Corporation (Japan) monga gawo la mgwirizano womwe udasainidwa paulendo wovomerezeka wa Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov ku Japan mu 2013.
Chomeracho chili ndi matekinoloje amakono opangira polyethylene ndi polypropylene. Matekinolojewa amadziwika ndi kuyeretsa bwino kwa zinthu zosafunika kuchokera ku zinyalala. Zotsatira zake, chomeracho chidzapanga zinthu zoteteza chilengedwe zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi zida zogulidwa ku Japan, Republic of Korea, USA, UK, Belgium, Germany, Denmark ndi mayiko ena aku Europe. Zili ndi zida zinayi zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo: kulekanitsa gasi, kukonza kwa ethane, polyethylene ndi polypropylene. Njira zonse zaukadaulo zimangochitika zokha kudzera pakatikati pa console.
Kiyanly GCC imapanga ma polima okhala ndi matekinoloje amakono omwe amatsimikizira kuyeretsa bwino kwa zopangira kuchokera ku zonyansa zamitundu yonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera. Makamaka, gawo lolekanitsa gasi limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwe umatsimikizira kutulutsa bwino kwa methane, ethane kuchokera ku gasi lachilengedwe, komanso ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyeretsa zopangira kuchokera ku zomwe zimatchedwa "acid gases" ndi zonyansa za mercury.
Dziwani kuti chomeracho chayambitsa kupanga zinthu za polyethylene zolimba kwambiri zomwe zili zatsopano ku Turkmenistan. Tekinoloje iyi ndi imodzi mwamaukadaulo atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi.
Pulojekiti ya Kiyanly GCC inapatsidwa mphoto yapadera ndi TXF (Great Britain), monga imodzi mwa ntchito khumi zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mabungwe ogulitsa kunja ku Ulaya ndi Eurasia mu 2014. Chiwerengero chonse cha mapangano a ngongole a polojekitiyi yolembedwa ndi State Bank for Economic Affairs ya Turkmenistan ndi Japan Bank for International Cooperation, Export-Import Bank of Korea ndi Syndicate ya mabungwe azachuma a Japan, Germany, France, Korea, China, Italy, Austria ndi Switzerland kuposa 2.5 biliyoni.
Polankhula pamwambo wotsegulira watsopanowu, Purezidenti Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov adanenanso kuti Turkmenistan siyimangopereka ma hydrocarbons, kuphatikiza gasi. Imaperekanso chidwi kwambiri pakukonza ma hydrocarbon ndikupanga zinthu zomaliza zopikisana. Mtsogoleri wa boma adatsindika kuti chomera chatsopanochi chithandiza kulimbikitsa dzikolo pamsika wazinthu zamtengo wapatali za polima.
Mwachitsanzo, granulated polypropylene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafilimu polima, ulusi yokumba, mkulu-mphamvu pepala thermoplastics, mitundu yonse ya mankhwala polima, kuphatikizapo zovala zosiyanasiyana ndi mipando, ma CD zipangizo, etc.
Komanso, polyethylene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapaipi osiyanasiyana ndi ogula katundu. Polyethylene yolimba kwambiri ndi thermoplastic yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobaya jekeseni ndikuwumba zotengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale komanso m'nyumba.
Chomera chatsopano chopanga ku Kiyanly chidzakulitsa njira yopangira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta a petrochemical ndikuthandizira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti chuma cha dziko chikuchulukirachulukira.
Zogulitsa za polima zomwe zidapangidwa ndi Kiyanly GCC yatsopano zayamba kale kugulitsidwa ku State Commodity and Raw Materials Exchange of Turkmenistan (SCRMET). Makampani ochokera kumayiko a CIS anali oyamba kuwagula. Malinga ndi SCRMET, polypropylene ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndi ogula akunja ndi apakhomo chifukwa cha mtengo wake wamtengo wapatali.
Malinga ndi State Statistics Committee of Turkmenistan, kuchuluka kwa ntchito zopangira polypropylene ku Turkmenbashi Complex of Oil Refineries (TCOR) zafika pa 93.5 peresenti pakadali pano. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2017, TCOR inapanga matani 84.1 zikwi za polypropylene motsutsana ndi cholinga chopanga matani 82.5 zikwi. Kutumiza kwa polima kunja kunafikira matani 62.3 zikwizikwi mu 2017, ndipo malonda ake adatsika ndi 31 peresenti, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwazinthu izi.
Chaka chatha, matani zikwi 18.9 za polypropylene zinagulitsidwa pamsika wapakhomo wa Turkmenistan, zomwe zambiri zidagulidwa ndi makampani apadera kuti apange zinthu za polima (mapaipi apulasitiki, ziwiya, zomangira, etc.). Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo zolowa m'malo mwa Turkmenistan zachulukitsa kufunikira kwa ma polima kuchokera kwa opanga akumeneko.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za chaka cha 2017, kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga polima iyi kumakwaniritsa zosowa za misika yakunja yokha komanso yapakhomo, motero zimafunikira kumanga nyumba zatsopano zopangira. Malingana ndi State Statistics Committee ya Turkmenistan, kupanga polypropylene m'dzikoli kunawonjezeka ndi 6.1 peresenti mu theka loyamba la 2018. Gasi-mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha pafupifupi kawiri kupanga polima iyi.
Makampani oyenga gasi ndi mafuta akukula kwambiri ku Turkmenistan m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chopanga zinthu za polima, zomwe ndi polyethylene ndi polypropylene, zomwe zikufunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Malo oyamba a polypropylene ku Turkmenistan adayikidwa ku TCOR ndi mgwirizano wamakampani angapo aku Japan mothandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi ExImBank. Mpweya wonyezimira wopangidwa kuchokera kumafuta opangira mafuta umagwira ntchito ngati zopangira za granulated propylene. Ma polypropylene ambiri opangidwa ku TCOR amatumizidwa kumayiko monga Japan, Russia, Turkey, Iran, China ndi ena.
Mwachibadwa, kugwira ntchito kwa makina atsopano a gasi kunkafunika kukonzekera antchito oyenerera kwambiri. M'malo mwake, mu 2016, anthu khumi ndi awiri ochokera mwa akatswiri amderalo adatumizidwa ku USA kuti akachite maphunziro otsitsimula, ndipo akatswiri ena 16 adatumizidwa ku Thailand kuti akaphunzire. Kuphatikiza apo, mamenejala a Hyundai Engineering Corp Ltd ndi LG International Corp. adapereka maphunziro angapo a anthu ogwira ntchito pagululi lomwe limapereka ntchito kwa akatswiri opitilira chikwi. Msasa wa anthu 5 zikwizikwi omwe ali ndi zochitika zonse zofunikira anamangidwa pafupi ndi gasi chemical complex ku Kiyanly.
Popeza lonjezo lalikulu la ntchito zoterezi zomwe zimathandiza kuti gawo la mafuta ndi mphamvu ku Turkmenistan liwonjezere linanena bungwe la zinthu za polima, pakhala pali ndondomeko yomanga nyumba yachiwiri ya mankhwala a gasi pafupi ndi mudzi wa Kiyanly m'chigawo cha Balkan. Zidzakhala zazikulu kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa kupanga. Idzakonza magasi achilengedwe okwana 2 biliyoni ndi matani 117 a sodium chloride, kupanga matani 390 a polypropylene, matani 200 a polyethylene otsika kwambiri, matani 100 a polyvinyl chloride, matani 82 a soda, 10. matani hydrochloric acid ndi 10 zikwi matani madzi klorini pa chaka.
Ntchito yayikulu yoyika ndalamayi iyenera kugwiridwa limodzi ndi abwenzi akunja. Kuwunika kwa malingaliro ochokera kwa omwe akufunafuna mayiko ena kukuchitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, oyang'anira malo opangira mafuta ndi magetsi ku Turkmenistan adapereka pulogalamu kwa Purezidenti Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov yomwe ikuganiza zomanga nyumba zingapo zatsopano zamagesi ndi petrochemical m'zaka khumi m'madera osiyanasiyana a dzikolo. Chikalatachi chikutsogozedwa ndi kusanthula mozama kwa msika wachigawo ndi wapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa zamafuta amafuta.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, Turkmenistan ikuwona chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko chowonjezereka cha mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wothandizana nawo pa ntchito yokonza gasi wachilengedwe, kumanga zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimapanga zinthu zambiri zogulitsa zotentha zogulitsa gasi.
Source: TURKMENISTAN.RU
