Chiwerengero cha aphunzitsi aku yunivesite kutali kwambiri ndi zosowa za Turkey

Komabe, owerengeka ochepa a aphunzitsi aku yunivesite akuimba mabelu a alamu. Akatswiri azamaphunziro ati anthu osachepera 30,000 amafunikira nthawi yomweyo kuti akwaniritse zosowa za alangizi a mayunivesite.

Mayunivesite atsopano makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu atsegulidwa kudutsa Turkey m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi. Pakadali pano dziko la Turkey lili ndi mayunivesite 170 - 102 oyendetsedwa ndi boma ndi 68 omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe apadera. Komabe, chiwerengero cha aphunzitsi chachepa poyerekezera ndi chiŵerengero chimene chikukwera mofulumira cha mayunivesite. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoperekedwa ndi Bungwe la Maphunziro Apamwamba (YÖK), pakufunika alangizi atsopano osachepera 30,000 pakanthawi kochepa kuti akwaniritse kufunika kwachangu kwa mayunivesite koti aziphunzitsa m'masukulu awo. Ndipo dziko la Turkey likufunika alangizi atsopano okwana 110,000 kuti apeze aphunzitsi ambiri m’mayiko amene ali m’bungwe la Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, dziko la Turkey lakhala likuyesetsa kutsegula mayunivesite ambiri m'dziko lonselo pofuna kupatsa mwayi ophunzira omwe akufuna kupitiliza maphunziro awo kusukulu yamaphunziro apamwamba. Komabe, owerengeka ochepa a aphunzitsi aku yunivesite akuimba mabelu a alamu. Akatswiri azamaphunziro ati anthu osachepera 30,000 amafunikira nthawi yomweyo kuti akwaniritse zosowa za alangizi a mayunivesite.

Mayunivesite atsopano makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu atsegulidwa kudutsa Turkey m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi. Pakadali pano dziko la Turkey lili ndi mayunivesite 170 - 102 oyendetsedwa ndi boma ndi 68 omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe apadera. Komabe, chiwerengero cha aphunzitsi chachepa poyerekezera ndi chiŵerengero chimene chikukwera mofulumira cha mayunivesite. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoperekedwa ndi Bungwe la Maphunziro Apamwamba (YÖK), pakufunika alangizi atsopano osachepera 30,000 pakanthawi kochepa kuti akwaniritse kufunika kwachangu kwa mayunivesite koti aziphunzitsa m'masukulu awo. Ndipo dziko la Turkey likufunika alangizi atsopano okwana 110,000 kuti apeze aphunzitsi ambiri m’mayiko amene ali m’bungwe la Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Zomwe zili m'mayunivesite ena aku Turkey ndizovuta kwambiri. Mayunivesite ena sangapeze aphunzitsi oti apereke maphunziro m'madipatimenti ena, kotero mayunivesite amenewo amagwira ntchito popanda madipatimenti ena. M'chitsanzo chaposachedwa, yunivesite ina yapayekha idasiya pempho lake ku YÖK kuti litsegule sukulu yazachuma ndi sayansi yazautsogoleri, ponena kuti idalephera kupeza alangizi oti azichita maphunziro m'dipatimentiyi. Pulofesa Talip Küçükcan adauza Zaman Lamlungu kuti vuto la kuchepa kwa aphunzitsi limachokera ku kuchuluka kwa mayunivesite aku Turkey omwe akuchulukirachulukira. Kwa iye, mayunivesite atsopano akutsegulidwa mdziko muno kuti afikire avareji ya OECD. "Mayunivesite ena akuluakulu adasandutsa maphunziro awo m'zigawo zina kukhala mayunivesite atsopano ndipo mayunivesite atsopanowa adayamba kulandira ophunzira nthawi yomweyo. Sanapange dongosolo lililonse la momwe angayendetsere ophunzira atsopano. Kusowa kwa ndondomeko yotereyi kunabweretsa kusowa kwa chiwerengero cha aphunzitsi komanso zipangizo zamakono ndi zakuthupi, "adatero.

Küçükcan adatinso kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe aboma potsegula mayunivesite atsopano kunathandiziranso mavuto ambiri omwe mayunivesite ndi maulamuliro awo amakumana nawo. Ku Turkey, boma lili ndi mphamvu zotsegula mayunivesite atsopano a boma kapena kulola mayunivesite apadera kuti atsegulidwe. Koma chisankho chotsegula masukulu kapena madipatimenti atsopano ndi cha YÖK, yomwe ilinso ndi udindo wopatsa aphunzitsi kuti azitumikira ku mayunivesite aboma.

Madipatimenti azamalamulo, sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe ali ndi aphunzitsi ochepa

M’mayunivesite a m’dzikoli, madipatimenti omwe ali ndi aphunzitsi ochepa kwambiri ndi a zamalamulo ndi asayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Mayunivesite wamba nthawi zambiri amalanda alangizi ochokera ku mayunivesite aboma ku mabungwe awo chifukwa amawona kuti ndizosavuta kuposa kuphunzitsa antchito awo. Madipatimenti monga zamalamulo ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa mayunivesite apadera chifukwa safuna ndalama zambiri, mwachitsanzo, pomanga ma laboratories kapena zipatala. Mayunivesite aboma akucheperachepera malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa aphunzitsi - makamaka azamalamulo ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu aku Turks akhale ovuta kukhala alangizi ndizovuta zomwe amakumana nazo akamachita digiri ya masters kapena udokotala. Ambiri akudandaula kuti amakakamizika kutha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu akuyesa kumaliza madigiri awo popeza oyang'anira awo sakufuna kuwalola kumaliza maphunziro awo.

İ.G., wophunzira yemwe akuchita udokotala wake ku Yunivesite ya Anadolu, akudandaula kuti adataya chaka chonse mu pulogalamu yake yaudokotala pomwe adakhala ndi pakati atakwatiwa. “Woyang’anira wanga anakwiya kwambiri atamva kuti ndinali ndi pakati. Adandifunsa momwe ndidalimbikira kukhala ndi pakati osamufunsa, "I.G. adatero, akuwonjezera kuti mkangano pakati pa iye ndi woyang'anira wake unamupangitsa kuti ataya chaka chimodzi mu pulogalamu ya udokotala. “Uno ndi chaka changa chachisanu mu pulogalamuyi. Zomwe ndikufuna ndikumaliza mwachangu ndikuchotsa woyang'anira wanga, ”adaonjeza. TL ndi wophunzira wina yemwe anakumana ndi tsoka lofananalo pamene anali kuchita digiri ya masters pa yunivesite ya Osmangazi ku Eskişehir. TL anakalipiridwa mwaukali ndi woyang’anira wake pamene anachezera woyang’anira wake kukampatsa chiitano chomuitanira ku phwando la chinkhoswe chake. “Ndikuwona kuti simutenga digiri ya masters mozama. Munandifunsa musanapange chinkhoswe?" akuti woyang'anira adafunsa mnyamatayo. Malinga ndi TL, woyang'anira wake adakwiya chifukwa adaganiza kuti kutenga nawo gawo kungasokoneze maphunziro ake panthawi ya pulogalamu ya mbuyeyo.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za YÖK, ophunzira 4,638 okha mwa ophunzira 42,938 adakwanitsa kumaliza maphunziro a udokotala mu 2011. Ndipo mu 2012, chiwerengerochi chinali 4,617 mwa ophunzira 61,488.

Pulojekiti yamapulogalamu omaliza maphunziro akunja ikutha mokhumudwa

Ophunzira a ku Turkey nawonso sakusangalala ndi kusowa kwa chidwi komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi anthu omaliza maphunziro a yunivesite m'dzikoli m'mapulogalamu apamwamba akunja. Kampeni yomwe unduna wa zamaphunziro udayambitsa mchaka cha 2007 yotumiza ophunzira 5,000 kuti akachite nawo digiri ya masters ndi udokotala kunja kwa zaka zisanu yatha mokhumudwa. Pafupifupi ophunzira 4,000 apindula ndi kampeniyi mpaka pano, mocheperapo zomwe undunawu unkayembekezera.

Pulofesa Talip Küçükcan ananena kuti ophunzira a ku Turkey sakufuna kukaphunzira nawo maphunziro a m’mayiko akunja chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma amene akukumana nawo m’mayikowa.

Mwachizoloŵezi, ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa chifukwa chosamukira kudziko lina zakhala zolepheretsa ophunzira aku Turkey omwe sanapatsidwe ndalama zothandizira payekha. Chiwerengero cha ophunzira aku Turkey omwe amaphunzira kunja kwa maphunziro operekedwa ndi dziko la Turkey chawonjezeka, malinga ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro, komabe akadali ocheperapo.

Küçükcan adati dziko la Turkey limapereka ndalama zokwana $1,500 pamwezi kwa ophunzira omwe amaphunzira ku US ndi mapaundi 800 kwa ophunzira omwe amaphunzira ku UK. Koma wophunzira ku UK amawononga ndalama zokwana mapaundi 600 pamwezi pogona. Pazifukwa izi, ophunzira amayenera kugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse ndalama zomwe amawononga kuwonjezera pa kuphunzira. Anthu amenewa si achichepere. Amaona kuti ali ndi udindo wopitiriza ndi moyo wawo, koma sangathe kukwatiwa kumeneko [chifukwa cha ndalama],” adatero, ndipo anawonjezera kuti ophunzira a ku Turkey amakonda kupita ku maphunziro apamwamba ku Turkey m'malo mwa mayiko akunja chifukwa ndi otsika mtengo. Chinanso chomwe chimalepheretsa ophunzira aku Turkey kukachita digirii kumayiko ena ndi udindo womwe boma lidawapatsa akamaliza maphunziro awo. Boma likuuza ophunzirawo kuti adzayenera kukatumikira ku mayunivesite aboma posinthanitsa ndi maphunziro omwe adalandira kuchokera ku boma akamaliza maphunziro awo kumayiko akunja.

Mkulu wa yunivesite ya Fatih Şerif Ali Tekalan adati mavuto omwe mayunivesite amakumana nawo akapeza ndi kuphunzitsa aphunzitsi komanso ophunzira akamaphunzira maphunziro apamwamba akuyenera kuthetsedwa mulamulo latsopano la YÖK. "Tiyenera kukonza nthawi yomweyo chiwerengero cha aphunzitsi osakwanira. Nkhaniyi iyenera kukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pamene lamulo latsopano la YÖK likulembedwa, "adaonjeza.

(Zaman lero)