Ndakatonyora pamusoro pekuti ndiani anobatsirwa nemakakatanwa enyika muRussian Federation, pamusoro pekuti muNorth Caucasus, muRepublic of Kabardino-Balkaria, kukakavara kwakaitika pakati pe "titular" vanhu ve "communal republic" iyi yakagadzirwa neBolsheviks.
Chikonzero chaiva hondo yekare - makore 310 apfuura - paGomo reKanzhal pakati pemauto eCrimea Khan nemachinda eKabarda, hondo iyo, kunyange zvazvo yakakosha panguva yayo, yakashungurudza vanhu vashomanana mazana emakore ose aya uye zvechokwadi yakanga isiri chikonzero chekusawirirana kwemarudzi.
Ndakanyora kuti Moscow inoshandisa mutemo wekare we "Garai uye kutonga" kuchengetedza simba rayo pamusoro pematunhu enyika - uye "dhigirii remakakatanwa" pakati pevanhu vakakundwa rinogona kuchinjwa nepakati pakusarudza kwayo, mamiriro ezvinhu ekurwisana kwekusingaperi uye kukwikwidzana pakati pe "vakuru vemunharaunda" inomuka, pane nguva dzose mukana wekusimudza kana kuderedza chiyero chekukakavadzana uku, anonyora Avraam Shmulevich Аfterempire.info.
Matambudziko pakati peBalkars neKabardians (pamwe nemamwe matambudziko emarudzi), mukati megadziriro yehurongwa huripo muRussian Federation, haigoni kugadziriswa musimboti. Vanogona kungofa kwekanguva, asi vobva vamuka zvakare. Uye pamwero wepamusoro. Kunobva kwaita mhirizhonga iri kuwedzera. Chiyero chekunetsana kwemarudzi chiri kuramba chichikura kusvika chapera mukuputika kweropa. Izvo zvinopa Moscow mukana wekuunza mauto, "kumisa kurongeka neruoko rwesimbi," kuratidza nyika yese uye "vashoma vemarudzi" ivo pachavo kuti pasina Moscow havagone kuzvitonga ivo pachavo.
Sezvandakafanotaura, kusawirirana muCaucasus hakuzongogumiri kunyaya imwe chete.
Zuva rakatevera kubudiswa kwechinyorwa ichi, kukakavara kutsva kwakatanga - panguva ino pakati peIngush neChechens.
Izvo zvakakonzerwa nekuti musi waSeptember 25, chibvumirano chakasainwa pakati peIngushetia neChechnya pa "kuganhurwa kwemuganhu," maererano neiyo 17 zviuru mahekita enzvimbo yakabatanidzwa muChechnya.
Nhoroondo yekukonana uku ndeiyi:
Rega ndikuyeuchidze kuti muUSSR maive ne "communal republic" yeChechen-Ingush ASSR, uko maviri akasiyana, kunyangwe ari pedyo, vanhu vakagadziriswa - maChechens neIngush. Mushure mekuparara kweMubatanidzwa, vaChechens vakasarudza kuwana rusununguko rwakakwana rwehurumende, uye Ingush yakasarudza kuramba iri chikamu cheRussian Federation senyika. Uyezve, vaIngush vakasarudza kuramba vari pasi pekutonga kweMoscow kwete zvachose nekuda kwerudo rwavo rwehumambo hwehumambo uye ndangariro yeYermolov naBeria.
Chokwadi ndechokuti pashure pokudzingwa muna 1944, chikamu chenyika dzeIngushetia chakaendeswa kune dzimwe nyika. VaIngush vane chokwadi chekuti kana chikamu chakakosha chenzvimbo dzenhoroondo dzeIngushetia (iyo inonzi Prigorodny District) yakaguma sechikamu cheNorth Ossetia, ipapo kusiya Russian Federation yeIngush zvaizoreva kurasikirwa nenyika idzi zvachose.
Kune zvakare matambudziko enzvimbo pakati pemazuva ano Chechnya neIngushetia, anokonzerwa nemaBolsheviks. Aya ndiwo Sunzhensky uye Malgobeksky matunhu emazuva ano Ingushetia.
Munguva yeSoviet, nzvimbo idzi dzaigara dzichi“kanhwa” neMoscow kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe. Kutanga, muna 1920, Moscow yakagadzira "communal" Gorskaya ASSR muNorth Caucasus, iyo yaisanganisira Sunzhensky Cossack District uye Ingush Autonomous Okrug, iyo yakaparadzanisa nharaunda yemazuva ano Sunzhensky District yeIngushetia. Muna 1929, iyo Sunzhensky Cossack District yakabviswa, uye chikamu chayo chekumaodzanyemba (yemazuva ano kuchamhembe uye pakati peSunzhensky District yeIngushetia, chikamu cheMalgobek District - iyo parizvino iri nyaya yekupokana) yakabatanidzwa muChechen Autonomous Oblast. Muna 1934, Chechen Autonomous Okrug yakabatanidzwa neIngush Autonomous Okrug muChechen-Ingush Autonomous Okrug, iyo yakagamuchira chimiro cheASSR muna 1936.
Munguva yekuparadzaniswa kweChechen-Ingush ASSR muChechen uye Ingush Republics muna 1991-1992, matunhu eMalgobek neSunzhensky eChechen-Ingush ASSR akava chikamu cheIngushetia. Kuti vadzivise kukakavara, vatungamiriri vemarepublic maviri, Dzhokhar Dudayev naRuslan Aushev, vakasaina chibvumirano mukutanga kwema90 kugadzira komisheni yekuganhura matunhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, vakaronga kuti chero muganhu pakati pehama dzehama unogona kungoenderana. Hutongi huviri hwakagadzwa mudunhu reSunzhensky - Chechen neIngush, imwe neimwe yaive nemisha yaigara maChechens neIngush.
Nzvimbo dzakapokana ndiyo nharaunda yekare yeVainakhs, musimboti werudzi rweVainakh, asi kunze kwekukosha kwekufananidzira, ivo vanewo kukosha kwehupfumi - hombe yemafuta uye gasi munda uripo. Uye iyi nharaunda, semugumisiro wechibvumirano, ikozvino yave kuenda kuChechnya.
Asi zvakatonyanya kukosha kupfuura yehupfumi ndiko kukosha kwe ethno-zvematongerwo enyika kwenzvimbo dzakatamiswa. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yekugara yeimwe yeVainakh subethnoses, Orstkho. Orstkhoevtsy (self-designation blackberries) - dzinza reVainakhs, iro rinotora nzvimbo yepakati pakati peIngush neChechens, dzimwe nguva vanotosarudzwa sevanhu vakasiyana. Ikozvino, muchokwadi, chikamu cheOrstkho teips chikamu cheIngush, uye chikamu cheChechens. Nekutamisa musimboti wenzvimbo yenhoroondo yeOrstkho kuenda kuChechnya, hutungamiriri hweIngushetia nekudaro hunotamisa Orstkho kurudzi rweChechen, uye vanofunga kuvafunga vese maChechen. Kureva kuti, Iyo Ingush inotambura kwete chete nharaunda uye hupfumi, asiwo huwandu hwevanhu uye kunyange "nhoroondo" kurasikirwa.
Kusvika parizvino, chokwadi chekuti muganho pakati peRepublic yeIchkeria neIngushetia hauna kumbobvira wanyatso kunyorwa mepu hauna kutadzisa chero munhu kuita nhaurirano dzakasununguka. Asi chekutanga, paramende yeKadyrov's Chechnya yakazivisa matunhu akati wandei eIngushetia nyika dzayo, uye zvino, kamwe kamwe, chibvumirano chakabuda chekuti paramende yeIngushetia yakakumbirwa kusaina.
Somugumisiro, kusagadzikana kwakapararira zvikuru munhoroondo yemazuva ano yeIngushetia yakatanga.
Kuratidzira kwakatanga munaGunyana 25 munzvimbo yekutonga yeSunzhensky District. Vagari gumi nevaviri venzvimbo iyi vakaita musangano usina kubvumidzwa pedyo nechivako chevatariri vedunhu uye vakazivisa kuti vaisazotendera zviremera zverepublic kutamisa chikamu chenyika yavo kuenda kuChechnya yakavakidzana. Zuva rakatevera, vagari vakaungana muMagas, uko mukuru weChechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, akasvika kuzosaina chibvumirano pamuganhu wekutonga neIngushetia. Asi kuratidzira kwakakurumbira hakuna kudzivirira misoro yeChechnya neIngushetia kusaina gwaro.
Pashure pacho, musi wa4 Gumiguru, kuratidzira kupikisa uku kugovewazve kwevhu kwakatanga muguta guru reIngushetia, Magas. Kuedza kwevakuru "kutaura nevanhu" kwakapera nekuchengetedzeka kwemusoro weIngushetia kupfura mumhepo kuti vasundidzire vanhu vazhinji. Somugumisiro, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov akasiya pakati peguta guru republic pasi pepfuti. Tichitarisa mapikicha uye zvirevo zvevatori vechikamu, makumi ezviuru zvevanhu vakaungana kumusangano uyu. Munguva yerally, ndege mbiri dzemauto dzeSu-25 dzakaita madenderedzwa akati wandei pamusoro penzvimbo. Vatori vechikamu mumusangano uyu vakazvizivisa zvisingaperi uye vari kuda kutsvaga kusiya basa kwemukuru weripaburiki, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, uye Prime Minister Zelimkhan Yevloyev.
Kubva kudivi rezviremera, izvi zvinoita sekuedza nemaune “kuzunungusa chikepe”. - Zvakakwana kutaura kuti vatevedzeri veparamende yeIngush vakadzidza nezvezviri muchibvumirano chete pazuva rekusayina, pavakapihwa chinyorwa chayo. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvakakonzera kutsamwa pakati pevagari veripabhuriki nevatevedzeri. Asi kana hurumende yeRussia ichida "chinyararire" kusundira kuburikidza nemitemo inoenderana nayo uye kushanda kune vatevedzeri mumweya yainoda, inoziva kuzviita nemazvo. Pasina kukwezva kutarisa uye pasina kukonzera kutsamwa kana kufungidzira. Hapana chikonzero chekutaura mienzaniso ye "basa" rakadaro - kwave kune vakawanda vavo pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri nemashanu e "new Russian Parliamentarism".
Chikonzero chaicho chekukonana, sekureva kwemunyori wenhoroondo weChechen ane mukurumbira uye munyori Rizvan Ibragimov, ndeiyi: Tiri kuona kuti masevhisi anodzorwa neKremlin akakurudzira sei kurwisana mukati meChechens uye, semhedzisiro, yakaburitsa hondo mbiri. Iye zvino Kremlin iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, sezvo vazhinji veRussia vaona kuti hurumende yavo chii. Maonero ekuratidzira ari kukura munyika yose, chiyero chaPutin chadzika kusvika pashoma. Naizvozvo, zvinogoneka kuti masevhisi akakosha, kuburikidza nevamiriri vavo, ari kurova zvishuwo zvakatenderedza chibvumirano chakasainwa. Iko kuverenga iri banal uye iri nyore. Nekumisikidza maChechens neIngush kune mumwe nemumwe, ivo vanozokanganisa kutarisa kwevaRussia uye kumisa kuratidzira kupokana nemitemo yaPutin neUnited Russia yake.
Iyo Kremlin ine chimwe chinhu chekunetsekana nacho.
Pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu - hafu yekutanga yaGunyana 2018, sangano renhau rePrague "MediumOrient" rakaita ongororo yeruzhinji muDagestan, Ingushetia neKabardino-Balkaria.
Ongororo yakaratidza kuti chiyero chaVladimir Putin chiri kudonha muNorth Caucasus pakati pekuderera kwehupfumi. 71,6% yevagari vekuNorth Caucasus vanotenda kuti kodzero dzevanhu dziri kutyorwa munyika yavo. Voruzhinji vanodavira kuti mamiriro avo ezvemari ari kuramba achiipa. Uye pakupedzisira, 30,3% yevakaongororwa vagari vekuNorth Caucasus vakasarudza kuudza pachena vezvemagariro evanhu vasingazivikanwe kwavari kuti vanopa ongororo yakaipa yaVladimir Putin semutungamiri wenyika. Isu tinofanirawo kufunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu muCaucasus: masevhisi akakosha uye mapurisa ane simba rakakwana ipapo, munhu wese weCaucasus anoziva vanhu vakapambwa kana kuurayiwa ne "vakuru vemitemo". Nekushoropodza zviremera zvemuno nepakati ipapo, zvinokwanisika kuwana kwete chete kutambudzwa, kutongerwa mutirongo, asiwo bara. Saka nhamba yevanhu vasingagutsikani ihurongwa hwehukuru hwepamusoro.
Mamiriro ezvinhu nekutenda mu "guarantor" mune mamwe matunhu eRussian Federation haasi nani, nepo vanhu varipo vasingatyisidziri, uye nhanho yehudzvanyiriri uye kudzvinyirirwa kwakaderera. Zvinoenderana nedata rakaburitswa pazuva iro mhirizhonga yakatanga muguta guru reIngushetia neLevada Center, Kusavimba naPutin muRussia yose kwakapetwa katatu mugore.
“Kudzoreredza kurongeka kwebumbiro remitemo” - nzira yekare yekuchengetedza simba rehurumende mumatambudziko akadaro.
Maererano neongororo imwechete, pasinei neSyria neDonbass (kana kutenda kwavari?), Pamasangano ose aripo muRussian Federation, vanhu vokuRussia vanoda zvikuru kuvimba neuto.
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu kubva kuLevada Center dzakacherekedza kuti kekutanga mumakore matanhatu apfuura, mauto akakunda mutungamiri wenyika mukutendwa kwevaRussia. Mugove wevagari vanotenda kuti mauto enyika "akakodzera zvizere" kuvimba aive 66%, nepo nhamba yemutungamiri wenyika yaive 58%. Muna 2017, 69% vakavimba neuto, uye 75% vakavimba naVladimir Putin.
Saka, kuyeuchidza kuti haasi chete "mutsigiri weBumbiro reMitemo," asiwo Mutungamiriri Mukuru-mukuru, uye kuratidzira seanokunda "mutungamiri webumbiro remitemo" mu "Caucasus inopandukira" - inogona kuita senge nzira yakanaka yekubuda kumutongi weKremlin. "Isai Caucasus pamoto," inomutsa kukakavara pakati pe "vashoma venyika," uye ipapo, nenzira yeYermolov, "vadzose pfungwa dzavo" nerubatsiro rwemauto ehondo.
Izvi hazvigone kukonzera chero ndangariro dzisingadiwe pakati pevaRussia muRussia. Kuvenga vanhu veCaucasus kwakasimudzirwa neRussia propaganda kubvira kutanga kwema1990. Zvisinei, Hondo itsva yeCaucasian inogona kukanganisa huwandu hwevanhu kubva mukuratidzira kwevanhu.
Moto muCaucasus unogona kubatidzwa "parutivi rwose", sezvaunosarudza. Chechens against Dagestanis, Ingush against Ossetia, Cossacks against Chechens, Circassians against Ossetias and Turks, Dagestanis - munhu wese ari muRipublic achirwisana nemunhu wese - Kalmyks, Nogais, Lezgins ...
Uyu mutemo hausi mutsva. Somuenzaniso, musi waMay 30, 1811, "mukuru-mukuru muGeorgia uye pamutsara weCaucasus," i.e. mutungamiriri wekukunda kweCaucasus, General Tormasov, akatumira Lieutenant General Musin-Pushkin murairo Nhamba 247:
"... Pamwe chete naye, zvinobatsira zvikuru panguva ino kuchengeta vanhu veChechen nevanhu veIngush vasina kubvumirana, kuitira kuti kana zvichidiwa zvingave zvichibvira kumutsiridza ruvengo pakati pavo."
"Kuti kana zvichidikanwa, zvigone kukurumidza kumutsidzira ruvengo pakati pavo" - ichi ndicho chirevo cheumambo hwekutonga kweCaucasus. Asina kuchinjwa pasi pematsars, uye Bolsheviks, uye Yeltsin, uye Putin. Kubva panguva dze "kukundwa kweCaucasus" kusvika nhasi ...
Abraham Shmulevich
