Marmaray, iyo tube passage muIstanbul Strait, inonzi Project of the Century uye yakarotwa naOttoman Sultan Abdulmecid inovhurwa nekutora chikamu kweMutungamiri weTurkey Gul uye PM Erdogan.
- Marmaray ndiyo "yakadzika yakanyudzwa chubhu mugero munyika" ine kudzika kwemamita makumi matanhatu.
- Maescalator pamusuwo wekumaodzanyemba weSirkeci station ndiyo inokwira kureba muTurkey ine hurefu hwemamita makumi matanhatu nerimwe.
-Nguva yekufamba pakati peAsia neEurope nechitima ichipfuura pasi peIstanbul strait inotora maminetsi mana chete.
- Mari yeMarmaray Project ichasvika mabhiriyoni masere emadhora nekupedzwa kwemitsara yepasi pevhu inoita njanji ye8 km, 76.6 km iyo yakanyura chubhu mugero.
-Mutsetse weMarmaray une zviteshi makumi matatu nenhanhatu izvo zvinozodzikisa nguva yekufamba pakati peHalkali (kumavirira kumagumo kweIstanbul) kuenda kuGebze (kumucheto kwekumabvazuva kweIstanbul) kubva 36 min kusvika 185 min.
Chirongwa cheMarmaray, chirongwa chikuru chekubatanidza Asia neEurope nechitima chisina kukanganiswa chekufambisa pasi peIstanbul Strait chinovhurwa nekutora chikamu kweMutungamiri weTurkey Abdullah Gul uye Mutungamiriri Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Iyo Marmaray, yakavhurwa pamakore makumi mapfumbamwe ekutanga kwekutanga kweTurkey Republic, inonzi Project of the Century ine makore apfuura zana nemakumi mashanu nenhatu. Iyo Project inosuma yekutanga kupasirese maererano nehunyanzvi hwainotakura ichipa kukurumidza kune njanji tekinoroji, hunyanzvi hwayo hwekugadzira, mutengo wayo mukuru wehupfumi.
Ottoman Sultan Abdulmecid akazvirota
Pfungwa yenzira yenjanji kuti ipfuure pasi peIstanbul Strait yakataurwa naOttoman Sultan Abdulmecid muna 1860. Mugero uri pasi peIstanbul strait wakarongwa kuti ugadzirise tunnel pambiru dzaizovakwa pazasi pe strait. Urongwa uhwu hwakaendeswa mberi uye dhizaini yekutanga yakagadziridzwa muna 1902. Dhizaini yakafanoona mugero wenjanji waizopfuudzwa pazasi pe strait. Kubva ipapo mamwe mazano nemafungiro mazhinji akaiswa pamberi maererano neProjekti. Ese matekinoroji matsva akashandurwa kuita madhizaini. Chido chekuvaka chinongedzo chemugero pasi peIstanbul strait yekufambisa-kutakura vanhu vakawanda chakawedzera kuoneka muma1800s uye muna 1987 chidzidzo chekutanga chakakwana chepurojekiti chakaitwa.
Nekuda kwezvidzidzo, nzira yazvino yeProjekiti yakatemwa senzira yakanaka. Chirongwa chakatsanangurwa muna 1987 chakakurukurwa mumakore akatevera uye muna 1995 hurumende yakafunga kuvandudza zvidzidzo zvese zve1987.
Wekutanga digger akagogodza pachigadziko cheIstanbul Strait muna 2004.
Kuvandudzwa kwezvidzidzo kwakapedzwa muna 1998. Zvakawanikwa zvezvidzidzo zvekuvandudza zvakawana kururamisa kwezvidzidzo zvekare. Zvakatemerwa kuti chirongwa ichi chaizobatsira mukuwedzera kwedambudziko retraffic jam yevanhu veIstanbul. Muna 1999, chibvumirano chemari chakasainwa pakati peRepublic of Turkey neJapan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). Chibvumirano chechikwereti ichi chakaumba hwaro hwekupihwa mari kweIstanbul Crossing chikamu cheProjekti. Zvadaro magwaro ebvumirano yeprojekti akagadzirwa muna March 2002.
Mugore rimwe chetero, Kondirakiti BC1, Strait Tube Crossing Railway Construction iyo yakavhara strait chubhu yekuyambuka uye nzira dzematanho pamwe chete nezviteshi zvina zvakapihwa uye mubatanidzwa wekuwana nyoro wakatanga basa muna Nyamavhuvhu 4 kuti uzadzise chiroto chemakore zana nemakumi mashanu mhemberero yakaitwa naPM Erdogan.
Iyo purojekiti ine njanji network ye76.6 km, 13.6 km iyo ine yakafinhwa uye yakanyudzwa chubhu tunnel pasi pevhu uye pasi pegungwa. Kutanga kucherwa kwematairi akabhowekana anofukidza zviteshi zveAyrilikcesme-Uskudar-Kazlicesme-Yenikapi kwakatanga musi wa21 Zvita 2013.
Yekutanga chubhu tunnel yakanyudzwa muna 2007.
Yekutanga chubhu tunnel ye11 tunnel inogonesa kupfuura pasi peIstanbul Strait yakanyudzwa muna Kurume 2007 mumhemberero yakaitwa neGurukota rezvekutakurwa kweTurkey, Maritime uye Telecommunication Binali Yildirim uye DHL Director General Ahmet Arslan. Zvakare mugero wekupedzisira uye wakadzika wakanyudzwa wepasi wakanyudzwa munaGunyana 23, 2008 kusvika pakadzika 60 metres yeIstanbul Strait.
Yekutanga njanji welding yakaitwa naPM Erdogan.
Imwe yekuchinja kwechiroto chemakore zana nemakumi mashanu yakavhurwa muna Ndira, 150, 15 uye PM Erdogan akasungira njanji yekutanga yakaiswa pamutsetse weMarmaray pamusuwo weAyrilikcesme mugero.
Yekutanga kuyedza njanji yeMarmaray njanji yakaitika muna Nyamavhuvhu 4, 2013. PM Erdogan akayambuka gwara nechubhu tunnel njanji isingabatanidzi rutivi rweAsia neEurope rweIstanbul chete asi ichibatanidza London neBeijing kuburikidza nenjanji isina kuvhiringwa.
Migumo miviri yeIstanbul inotora maminetsi e105 kufamba.
Zviuru zvevashandi uye 1343 nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi dzakashandira chiroto cheTurkey chemakore zana nemakumi mashanu. Chiteshi chekutanga cheMarmaray chinosanganisira zviteshi zvishanu, 150 zvepasi pevhu zvichabatanidzwa kuKadikoy-Kartal-Kaynarca metro njanji.
Marmaray Project ine zvikamu zvitatu zvinoti chikamu cheHalkali, chikamu cheGebze uye chikamu chepasi pegungwa chinoyambuka gwara.
Kana zvasvika kunguva dzekufamba, chinhambwe chiri pakati peGebze neHalkali chinotora maminetsi zana pachinzvimbo che105 maminetsi nemitsetse yenjanji yakagadziridzwa. Kunze kwekufamba kwenguva pakati peBostanci neBakirkoy ichadonha kusvika pamaminitsi makumi matatu nematanhatu, Sogutlucesme neYenikapi kusvika maminetsi gumi nemaviri uye Uskudar uye Sirkeci maminetsi mana. Saka zvinotora maminetsi mana kuyambuka makondinendi maviri Asia neEurope.
Mutsara wembiri Marmaray uchamhanya pasi pevhu paYedikule woenda kuSirkeci wopfuura nepasi peIstanbul Strait wosvika pachiteshi chepasi pevhu cheUskudar kudivi reAsia reIstanbul. Iyo Marmaray ichasvika-ivhu kuAyrilikcesme uye kuenda kuSogutlucesme. Ichi chikamu chinosvika 13.5 km chinoiswa musevhisi neChipiri. Pakupedzwa kwenjanji yepasi peGebze-Halkali, iyo Marmaray ichatora kubva maminetsi maviri kusvika gumi ega ega. Marmaray ichatakura vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi manomwe neshanu munzira imwechete paawa uye inotarisirwa kutakura vanhu miriyoni 2 pazuva.
Iyo yakadzika yakanyudzwa chubhu tunnel yenyika.
Iyo Marmaray Project, mutengo wayo uchasvika mabhiriyoni masere emadhora nekupedzwa kwedhorobha, yakadzika yakanyudzwa chubhu mugero wepasirese. Maescalator pamusuwo wekumaodzanyemba weSirkeci station ndiyo inokwira kureba muTurkey ine hurefu hwemamita makumi matanhatu nerimwe.
Pamusoro pemetro chikamu, nehurefu hwe 63 km, pane 37 pamusoro pezviteshi. Iyo rail line strait chubhu chikamu 13.6 km, 9.8 km iyo ine yakabhowa mugero, 1.4 km yakanyudzwa chubhu tunnel uye 2.4 km yakachekwa-uye-yekuvhara tunnel. Kune zviteshi zvitatu zvine kureba kwemamita mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu.
Zviteshi zveMarmaray ndezvizvi: Halkali, Mustafakemal, Kucukcekmece, Florya, Yesilkoy, Yesilyurt, Atakoy, Bakirkoy, Yenimahalle, Zeytinburnu, Kazlicesme, Yenikapi, Sirkeci, Istanbul Bogazi, Uskudar, Ibrahimaga, Sogutlucediye, Fetener, Gotener , Bostanci, Kucukyali, Idealtepe, Süreyya Plaji, Maltepe, Cevizli, Atalar, Basak, Kartal, Yunus, Pendik, Kaynarca, Tersane, Guzelyali, Aydintepe, Icmeler, Tuzla, Cayirova, Fatih, Osmangazi and Gebze.
11 machubhu kubva 98.5 m kusvika 135 m kureba akashandiswa.
Machubhu akaiswa pasi peIstanbul Strait akagadzirwa muTuzla. Mainjiniya eTurkey akashandawo mukugadzira machubhu einjiniya mabasa ayo akaitwa nemainjiniya eJapan. Iyo chubhu inotenderera 135 m kureba, 5 m yakafara uye huremu hwakatenderedza zviuru gumi nezvisere toni. 18 machubhu kubva 11 m kusvika 98.5 m kureba akashandiswa. Machubhu akagadzirwa muTuzla uye akanyudzwa muBuyukada kumahombekombe.
Chikamu cherail way system chichawedzera mukufambiswa kwemaguta.
Marmaray njanji ichawedzera chikamu chenzira dzenjanji masisitimu ekufambisa kwemaguta eIstanbul kusvika 28% uye kugadzirisa dambudziko remotokari muIstanbul zvakanyanya. Marmaray ichabatanidzwa kuIstanbul-Ankara High Speed Chitima uye Istanbul Metro njanji.
Marmaray icharerutsirawo traffic traffic paStrait Bridges uye nesevhisi yakazara yezvikamu zvese zveMarmara line, kuchengetedza kwese kunotarisirwa kunge kuri kwemaawa gumi nematatu. Pakazosvika 13, kuchengetedza kwegore rose kunotarisirwa kusvika 2015 miriyoni uye nekuzara kwesevhisi sevhisi yegore negore yekuchengetedza nguva ichave yakapoteredza 25 miriyoni awa pagore.
Mari yemuchinjiko mumwe chete 1.95 Turkish lira.
Muripo wekuti Marmaray atange kushandira vanhu veIstanbul musi waMbudzi 1 ichave inosvika 1.95 TL padyo neyakajairwa mari yekufambisa yemudhorobha. Kadhi rekufambisa reIstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Kart richashandiswawo muMarmaray.
Inoshandura nhoroondo yeIstanbul.
Mukuchera matongo mukati mechikamu cheMarmaray mapurojekiti, 13 kuputsikirwa kwechikepe uye anopfuura 35 zviuru zvezvekuchera matongo izvo zvaizojekesa nhoroondo yeIstanbul zvakawanikwa. Kunze kweskeleton yekutanga yeIstanbulite uye tsoka dzakadhindwa kubva kumakore 8,500 (6,500 BC), Thedesius Port iyo inotenderera mumabhuku enyika asi isingawanikwe yakafukunurwa muYenikapi. Muchiteshi ichi, icho chinonziwo zvakare "Millennium Port", kuputsikirwa kwechikepe 13 kwakawanikwawo. Iyo yakanyanya kushamisa yezvikepe izvi, "lagan 12", yakatorwa kunze nemutoro wayo sezvayakanyura. Kubviswa kwezvinhu zvekuchera matongo kwakapedzwa gore rakapera. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvicharatidzwa muArkeopark uye Marmaray Museum ichagadzwa munzvimbo yezvitsuwa zana muYenikapi.
Anatolia News Agency
