Mumwe mukontrakta wehurumende ane makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe akazvizivisa pachena neSvondo kuti ndiko kwabva kuburitswa pachena kwezvirongwa zvekuunganidza data zvepachivande zveNational Security Agency, kubvuma kunomufumura kumupomera mhosva uye kugadzirisa chakavanzika chakabata nyika kwerinenge svondo.
Edward Snowden akati akaburitsa ruzivo urwu nekuti aida kumutsa gakava renyika pamusoro pekutariswa kwevagari vemuUS. Mune imwe nyaya yepamhepo nevhidhiyo yakatumirwa nesangano renhau reGuardian, VaSnowden vakati vaimbove mushandi weCentral Intelligence Agency uye parizvino vari chipangamazano kuBooz Allen Hamilton, kambani inobvunzurudza nzira nehunyanzvi, uye kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika vanga vachishanda pa. nzvimbo yeNSA muHawaii. Booz Allen akasimbisa basa rake.
Kubvumidzwa uku kwakatora svondo rekuziviswa kunoshamisa nezvezvirongwa zvehurumende zvekuongorora, kusanganisira kuunganidzwa kwedata parunhare nemakumi emamiriyoni evaAmerica, izvo zvakamutsiridza gakava muCongress pamusoro pechiyero pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwenyika nerusununguko uye zvakaita kuti Mutungamiri Barack Obama vape. kusati kwamboitika, kudzivirira kwenguva refu kwezvirongwa zvakavanzika.
Kunyange hazvo hurumende yakamboteya nyaya dzakati wandei mumakore achangopfuura, nyaya yaVaSnowden yakabuda pachena pakuti vashoma vakabuda pachena vakazviburitsa pachena, uye kutaura zvazviri, vakatoshinga kuti zviremera zveUS zvivatevere.
Edward Snowden, kondirakiti yehurumende yeUS, akazvizivisa sekwakabva kuburitswa pachena kwechakavanzika National Security Agency yekuunganidza data zvirongwa. WSJ's Alex Frangos anotiudza kuti sei Mr. Snowden vakasarudza kuzviratidza kuHong Kong.
VaSnowden vakati vakanga vari kuHong Kong uye vakanga vagara vakavharira muimba yehotera kwemavhiki akawanda kusvika pakubudiswa kwenyaya neGuardian neWashington Post pamusoro pemagwaro avakanga vavapa pazvirongwa zveNSA zvakavanzika. Dhipatimendi reJustice nemusi weSvondo rakati rakatanga kuferefeta mhosva "mukuburitswa kusingabvumidzwe kweruzivo rwakaiswa nemunhu ane mvumo." The Wall Street Journal haina kukwanisa kusvika kuna Mr. Snowden kuti vataure vakazvimirira.
Chii chepamusoro-chakavanzika PRISM chirongwa, uye chinoshanda sei? Hurumende yeUS inowana sei ruzivo kubva kumakambani eUS? WSJ's Jason Bellini ane "Mhinduro Pfupi."
"Ndinonzwisisa kuti ndichaitwa kuti nditambure nekuda kwezviito zvangu," Guardian akadzokorora Mr. Snowden. Akataura kuti achagutsikana "kana mubatanidzwa wemutemo wakavanzika, kuregererwa kusina kuenzana uye masimba asingadzivisiki ekutonga anotonga nyika yandinoda akaziviswa kunyange kwenguva pfupi."
IUS ine chibvumirano chekuwedzera neHong Kong, iyo yakataurirana neBeijing kutora chikamu muna 1997, nguva pfupi Hong Kong isati yadzokera kukutonga kweChina. Asi kutongwa kwacho kunogona kutora mwedzi, uye chibvumirano chechibvumirano chinopa hurumende yeChina kodzero yekupikisa chikumbiro chekudzosera kana ichikanganisa "zvakakosha ruzhinji kufarira" kweBeijing.
Booz Allen akati VaSnowden vanga vari mushandi wekambani iyi kwemwedzi isingasviki mitatu. Yakadaidza mishumo yekuburitswa kwaVa Snowden "inokatyamadza" uye yakati "ichashanda pamwe nevatengi vedu nevakuru mukuferefeta kwavo nyaya iyi."
Iyo NSA haina kutaura nekukurumidza. Mutauriri weDhireki weNational Intelligence akati masangano ehungwaru eUS "parizvino ari kuongorora kukuvadzwa kwakaitwa nekuburitswa kwazvino."
Mr. Snowden akaudza Guardian kuti akakurira muElizabeth City, NC, kunyange zvazvo mhuri yavo yakazotamira kuMaryland. Akazvitsanangura seaive murombo wechikoro chesekondari akazowana GED. Akapinda muchiuto muna 2003, asi akasiya zvechiuto mushure mekuita tsaona yekudzidziswa. Akatanga kushanda semurindi panzvimbo yeNSA, akaenderera mberi nekushandira CIA, uye akasiya basa iri muna 2009, akaudza Guardian.
VaSnowden vakaudza Guardian kuti pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvakavanzika zvaangadai akaburitsa kana aida kukuvadza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika, asi akati handicho chinangwa chake. Asi, akadaro, chinangwa chake chaive chekuburitsa pachena izvo zvaizomutsa gakava renyika pamusoro pekutarisa kwehurumende. Vati vanonzwisisa kuti vari kuisa ramangwana ravo panjodzi uye vanogona kupomerwa mhosva.
"Dai ndanga ndichida kukuvadza US, saka waigona kuvhara hurongwa hwekutarisa masikati, asi handicho chinangwa changu," akadaro muvhidhiyo yakatumirwa neGuardian. "Kutya kukuru kwandinako maererano nemhedzisiro yeAmerica yekuburitswa uku ndeyekuti hapana chichachinja."
Kubuda kwaVaSnowden pachena kunogona kumanikidzira maoko evakuru vakuru vehurumende vanga vachifunga nezve njodzi uye zvakanakira kumhan’arira munhu ari kubuda ropa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutaura kwake paruzhinji kunogadzira dambudziko: Paanogona kuzviratidza semuridzi, ane chinangwa chaive chekugadzira gakava remitemo, vachuchisi vanonyanya kunetseka nezvekugona kwake kunzwira tsitsi kubva kune vatongi.
Chero kupomerwa kwaVa Snowden kwaizofanirawo kuenzaniswa nenjodzi iyo kutongwa kweruzhinji kunogona kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvehurumende.
Chiziviso chaVaSnowden chingangomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pehuwandu hwemakondirakiti emubatanidzwa akabvumidzwa kuwana magwaro ezvinyorwa. Kubva muna Gumiguru apfuura, vanhu vanosvika mamirioni mashanu vakabata mvumo yekuchengetedzwa kwehurumende. Pane izvozvo, miriyoni 1.4 vakabata zvibvumirano zvepachivande zvepamusoro. Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheavo vane chepamusoro-chakavanzika clearances ndivo makondirakiti, ayo achaita senge anosanganisira Mr. Snowden.
VaSnowden vakati kuwana kwake magwaro kunoratidzika kunge kusingatarisirwi nebasa rake nebasa rake rekuchengetedza network, izvo zvaizomubvumira kuwana zvakasiyana-siyana zvepachivande mafaira. Mamwe makambani makuru ari kupesvedzera hurumende yemubatanidzwa kuti ipe vashandi vavo mvumo yekuchengetedza, muchikamu chekudzivirira matsotsi anobva kuIran, China nekumwewo.
Iyo US yakapfuura nemugakava rakafanana muna 2010, apo Mauto Pfc. Bradley Manning akabvuma kushandura mazana ezviuru zvemagwaro kuwebhusaiti WikiLeaks yaakawana kunyangwe aive mukuru wepasi. Kutongwa kwaVaManning pamusoro pekuti vakabatsira muvengi kwakatanga svondo rapfuura.
"Voruzhinji vane chikwereti chetsanangudzo," Mr. Snowden vakadaro mubvunzurudzo yavo ne Guardian, achizvitsanangura semutambi muduku munyika yehungwaru aida kuita kuongorora kukuru kwekuti hurumende inoongorora sei.
“Handina kusiyana nemumwe munhu. Handina hunyanzvi. Ini ndingori mumwe mukomana anogara ipapo zuva nezuva muhofisi, achiona zviri kuitika uye oenda, 'Ichi chimwe chinhu chisiri nzvimbo yedu yekusarudza. Veruzhinji vanofanira kusarudza kuti zvirongwa izvi nemitemo yakarurama here kana kuti yakaipa.' ”
Mumaawa mashomanana mushure mekubudiswa kwezvakataurwa naVa Snowden, vamiriri vemitemo vakanga vachikurudzira kuti aendeswe uye kutongwa.
"Kana Edward Snowden akaburitsa data reNSA sezvaanoti, hurumende yeUnited States inofanira kumupomera zvizere uye kutanga hurongwa hwekudzosera vanhu pakare," akadaro Rep. Peter King (R., NY) . “United States inofanirwa kujekesa kuti hapana nyika inofanirwa kunge ichipa munhu uyu hupoteri. Iyi inyaya ine mhedzisiro inoshamisa kune hungwaru hweAmerica. "
The Wall Street Journal
