Chirevo chazvino kubva kuStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), yakaburitswa munaKurume 10, inoratidza kuti kuedza kweEurope kudzikisa kutsamira kwayo pakugona kwekudzivirira kweUS kunoramba kuri basa rakaoma.
Kurwira Kuzvidzivirira kweEurope
Nyika dzeEurope dziri kuwedzera kutora matanho asina kumboitika mukushandisa mari yekudzivirira. Pakati pekuedza uku kuedza kuderedza kuvimba neWashington, danho rakakonzerwa neaimbova Mutungamiriri weAmerica, VaDonald Trump.
Maererano nemushumo, nyika dzeEurope dzinoramba dzakanyanya kutsamira pazvombo zvakagadzirwa neAmerica. Kubva 2020 kusvika 2024, 64% yezvombo zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika nenhengo dzeNATO dzeEuropean dzakabva kuUS Izvi zvinoratidza kuwedzera kubva pa52% yakanyorwa pakati pa2015 na2019.
Kutonga kweUS muMusika weGlobal Arms
United States inoramba iri iyo inotungamira pasi rose mutengesi wezvombo. Chikamu chayo chekutengeswa kwemaoko pasi rose chakawedzera kubva pa35% muna 2015-2019 kusvika 43% mumakore mana apfuura. Zvinoshamisa, kekutanga mumakumi maviri emakore, Europe (35%) yakunda Middle East (33%) semutambi mukuru wezvombo zveUS.
Kutya US Policy Shifts
Kumisa kwaVaTrump rubatsiro rwechiuto kuUkraine mushure mekunetsana nemutungamiri wenyika Volodymyr Zelensky kwakasimudza kushushikana muEurope yose. Kutya kuti Washington inogona kutora matanho akafanana achipokana nevanodyidzana veEurope kwakurudzira nhaurirano dzekudzikisa kutsamira parutsigiro rwekudzivirira kweAmerica. Zvisinei, sezvakataurwa neSIPRI, kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi hakusi nyore.
US Kuwedzera Pamusoro peEuropean Defense
IUS inonakidzwa nehukuru hwetekinoroji uye hwekugadzirisa mukudzivirira, ichipa mukana wakakura pamusoro pekugona kwemauto eEurope. Mazhinji masisitimu ezvombo akakosha anoratidza kutsamira uku:
- F-16 ndege dzehondo haigone kuendeswa kune yechitatu-bato nyika pasina mvumo yeUS.
- Patriot missile defense systems zvinoda US missile support kuti ishande nemazvo.
- HIMARS missile systems vimba neGPS coordinates inodzorwa neUS
- F-35 ndege dzehondo inogona kugadzirwa neUS kana zvichidikanwa.
Nhoroondo, nyika dzeEurope dzakashanda mukati mehurongwa hwemibatanidzwa uye mazano ehurongwa. Nekudaro, zvichangobva kuitika zvinoratidza kukurumidza kuri kuwedzera kwekusiyanisa uye kusimbisa chikamu chekudzivirira cheEurope.
Europe Icharamba Ichitenga Zvombo zveUS?
Pasinei nekukura kuri kuita rusununguko rwekudzivirira, vaongorori vazhinji vanotenda kuti Europe icharamba iri mutengi akakosha wezvombo zveAmerica. Pieter Wezeman, Muongorori Mukuru kuSIPRI's Arms Transfers Program, anoti nepo Europe iri kuedza kusimbisa indasitiri yayo yezvombo, hukama hwakadzika midzi mukudzivirira kweAtlantic hunoenderera mberi. Nyika dzeNATO muEurope dzakaraira angangoita 500 US-yakagadzirwa ndege dzehondo, pakati pezvimwe zvombo.
France neItaly Inosimuka Mukutengesa Zvombo kunze kwenyika
Data yeSIPRI inoburitsa France seinotungamira kutengesa zvombo kunze kwenyika mukati meEuropean Union. Ichipfuura Russia, France ikozvino iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri pasi rose mushure meUS Pakati pa2020 na2024, zvombo zveFrance zvinotengeswa kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope zvakakwira ne187%, zvichifambiswa zvakanyanya nekutengesa kuGreece, Croatia, neUkraine. India neQatar vanoramba vari vatengi vepamusoro muFrance.
Italy yakanyorawo kuwedzera kwakakosha kwekutengeswa kwezvombo kunze kwenyika, zvichikwira kubva pagumi kusvika pachitanhatu pasi rose, paine 10% kuwedzera kwekutengesa. Poland, mumwe mutengesi wezvombo ari kusimukira, yakaona kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwe6% mukutengesa kwayo zvombo.
MuEurope Vanotungamira Vanotenga Zvombo
United Kingdom inotungamira rondedzero yevatengi vezvombo muEurope, ichiteverwa nePoland, iyo yakanyoresa kuwedzera kwe508% kwekutenga zvombo kunze kwenyika. Iyo Netherlands iri pachinhanho chechitatu, nepo Italy yakaona kuderera kwakanyanya, nekudzikiswa kwe27% kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika.
Zvisingashamise kuti, mutengi wepamusoro wezvombo muEurope mumakore mana apfuura anga ari Ukraine, iyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakawedzera ne9627% isati yamboitika nekuda kwehondo inoenderera mberi neRussia.
Turkey's Rising Arms Exports
Turkey yave mutambi akakosha mumusika wepasi rose wezvombo, sezvakaratidzwa mune zvakawanikwa neSIPRI. Kubva 2015 kusvika 2019, chikamu cheTurkey mukutengeswa kwemaoko pasi rose chaive 0.8%. Nekudaro, pakati pa2020 na2024, nhamba iyi yakawedzera kaviri kusvika 1.7%, zvichiratidza kuwedzera kwe103%. Turkey yava pachinzvimbo chechi11 pakati pevanotengesa zvombo zvepamusoro makumi maviri neshanu pasi rose.
Vatengesi vepamusoro ve Maoko eTurkey panguva iyi yaive United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, neQatar. Zvichakadaro, kutengeswa kwezvombo zveTurkey kwakadzikira ne33%, zvichideredza chikamu chayo chekutengeswa kwezvombo zvepasi rose kusvika 1.1%.
Turkey's Strategic Kuwedzera muAfrica
Kudyidzana kweTurkey muAfrica kunoonekwawo mukutengeserana kwayo zvombo. Sezvo nyaya dzekuchengetedza dzawedzera, nyika dzekuMadokero dzeAfrica dzakapeta kaviri kutengwa kwezvombo zvadzo zvichienzaniswa nenguva ya2015-2019. Turkey ikozvino iri pakati pevatatu vepamusoro vatengesi mudunhu iri, pamwe neChina (26%) neFrance (14%), neTurkey neRussia imwe neimwe iine 11%.
Kuderera kweRussia Mukutengesa Zvombo
Kutengeswa kwezvombo zveRussia kwakatarisana nekuderera kukuru, kudonha ne62% maererano neSIPRI. Nyanzvi dzinoti izvi zvakakonzerwa nehondo yeUkraine, iyo yakawedzera kudiwa kweRussia kwemidziyo yemauto, pamwe chete nezvirango zvekuMadokero zvinorambidza kutengeserana kwayo zvombo. Russia inoramba iri mutengesi akakosha kuIndia (38%), China (17%), neKazakhstan (11%), asi simba rayo riri kupera mumusika wepasi rose.
Ramangwana reEuropean Defense
Sezvo kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi, Europe yakatarisana nesarudzo yakaoma: ramba uchivimba nerutsigiro rwemauto eUS kana kukurumidza kuedza kuzvidzivirira. Nepo hukama hwekudzivirira hwetransatlantic hunoramba hwakasimba, kusundidzira kwekuzvidzivirira kweEuropean kuri kuwedzera. Makore anotevera acharatidza kuti Europe inogona kusununguka kubva pahutongi hweUS kana kuramba iri mutambi akakosha muWashington's Strategic Defense network.
