Kutama kwemwaka kwave kuchiitwa kwenguva yakareba asi ikozvino tichafanirwa kugamuchira vapoteri vari kuwedzera mamiriro ekunze. Mamiriro ekunze ndiyo nzira yekusiyana kwetembiricha, mwando, kunaya kwemvura, mhepo, mhepo yemuchadenga uye misiyano yemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yakati nepakati pemakore makumi matatu. Mamiriro ekunze anokanganisa zvakanyanya nekudziya kwepasi zvekuti chiitiko chimwe chete pane imwe nzvimbo chinokurumidza kuchinja hupenyu hwemamwe matunhu. Maitiro emakore makumi matatu akagadzirwa neThe World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) haachisiri kushanda uye anofanirwa kudzokororwa nekuenderera mberi kwegore akasiyana zvachose negore rakapfuura. Angave ari masango anogara achinaya mvura, monsoon, savanna dzinopisa, dzine hunyoro dzinopisa dzinopisa uye dzekondinendi, oceanic, Mediterranean uye subarctic mamiriro okunze, tundra, steppe, polar icecap kana kuti magwenga, zvose zviri kukurumidza kuchinja. Nhoroondo inogona kuzvidzokorora asi mamiriro ekunze anogona kunge asiri kuenda. Kutonhora kwakanyanya uye kupisa kunomutsa kwakava nzira yemamiriro ekunze.
Bazi reBritish Ministry of Climate Change rakafanotaura kuti gore ra2016 richava gore rinopisa zvikuru uye tembiricha inogona kuramba iri pamusoro pe1.1 Celsius. Kubva pasi rose, chikamu che33 percent chakaoma uye chakaoma zvishoma nepo chasara chiri mvura. Kubva 1990, mwero wegungwa wakakwira kusvika masendimita gumi nemashanu. Uye kubvira muna 15, chikamu chikuru cheaizi chinopeta nekagumi kupfuura ukuru hweBritain chakanyunguduka. Mumakore 1980 apfuura, anopfuura zviuru zvipfumbamwe matani echando eGreenland akanyunguduka. Pagore, inonyunguduka nekumhanya kunodarika 110 gaga tons kubvira 186. Algal biomass yadzikira nezvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana kubvira 2003 nekuda kwekudziya kwegungwa. The ecosystem inovhiringidzwa. Zvisikwa zvakawanda zvakaparadzwa uye zvisingaverengeki zvava pedyo nokutsakatika.
Mamiriro ekunze ari kuumba nekukotamisa zvese zviri kuitika munyika. Kuwedzerwa kwecarbon dioxide uye mamwe magasi anobata kupisa mumhepo yakadziya pasi. Kukwira kwemakungwa, mafashamo akarebesa, kunyunguduka nekukurumidza kwechando nechando, kupisa kwakanyanya, moto, kusanaya kwemvura uye kunaya kwemvura zhinji hazvina kuitika zvega asi zvakakonzerwa nekukomba kwavanhu zvisikwa.
Muna 2015, anopfuura mamirioni gumi mahekita emasango akapiswa nekuda kwemoto wesango muUSA chete. Kupona kwezvinhu zvese kwakasungirirwa nemamiriro ekunze. Chinosuruvarisa zvikuru ndechokuti zvisikwa zvose zvisingazivi uye zvinoda rugare zvichatakurawo mutoro wezviito zvavanhu zvoutsinye.
Shanduko mumaitiro enguva dzose emvura uye tembiricha yakachinja kutumbuka kwezvirimwa, kuibva kwemichero uye kukohwa zvirimwa. Madutu makuru nemadutu zvava pedyo. Mushure mekuchinja kwemaindasitiri, kugadzirwa kwenyukireya kwaratidza kuve kunokuvadza kune zvakasikwa. Zana rinoshanda rinenge richichinja kubva pakuipa kuenda pakuipisisa. Magumo ayo achava akasiyana zvachose kubva pakutanga.
Kubva kuUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change iyo yakavambwa muna 1992 kusvika 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference COP21, makonferensi ese akadai haasi mamwe mapati epasi rose etii. Iyo Montreal protocol yatadza kuodza moyo kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kweozone inopedza makemikari. Nyika gumi chete dziri kubudisa pamwe chete chikamu che70 muzana checarbon dioxide yose inobudiswa asi nyika yose iri kubhadhara mari yayo. Kusaruramisira kwakakomba kwakadini sezvo kuri budiriro inorasikirwa nokusabudirira kwedzimwe nyika! Pasi pechibvumirano cheParis, varindiri vakasarudza kuchengetedza tembiricha yepasi rose kusvika 2.7 Celsius kusvika 2100 asi zvinogoneka chete kana hurongwa hwakabvumiranwa hwaitwa zvizere. Kana mitemo iripo ikaenderera mberi, tembiricha inokwira kusvika pa3.6 Celsius panosvika 2100 uye kana pasina matanho anotorwa, inokwira kusvika pa4.5 Celsius. Zvinoreva kuparadzwa zvachose pasina hondo yeatomu. Rinoreva mvura kumativi ose. Uye zvinoreva zvitunha zvinoyangarara kwese kwese.
Kunaya kwemvura (kudonha, mvura, chando, giraupel, sinou kana chimvuramabwe) kunoitika kana chikamu chemuchadenga chazara nemhute yemvura uye chatsauka zvachose kubva pachimiro chayaimbova nacho. Takatarisana nemvura inongoerekana yanaya nechimvuramabwe. Asi tinofanira kuyeuka kuti kunaya kwemvura kwakakosha zvikuru. Kana kutenderera kwemvura kunopedzwa kana kuti mvura yakachena inoiswa pasina iyo.
Dambudziko nderekuti zvematongerwo enyika pasi rose zvinoenderana nemari yemakambani. Zvinodzorwa kuti vanodhonza sei. Iko kukosha kwemusika wemarasha, mafuta uye gasi makambani anodarika madhora mashanu emadhora asi kukosha kwesimba rinodzokororwa kuri madhora mazana matatu emadhora. Uyu mukaha mukuru. Nehurombo, hapana munhu ari kuverenga nemoyo wese njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze. Chando chave chipfupi chose mudunhu reSouth Asia. Parizvino, Pakistan iri kupupurira chando chipfupi munhoroondo yayo. Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zviri mungozi. Chikafu nemafashoni zviri kungoerekana zvachinja zvichikanganisa misika nemari.
India iyo ikozvino inogadzira 5 GW yemagetsi kuburikidza nemagetsi ezuva yakaronga kuwedzera kune 100 GW ne 2022. China neUnited States vari kuwedzerawo. Asi zvakadini kana zuva rikatonhorawo uye mafungu egungwa otadza kudzoreka? Zvakanaka, kana kuvhiya uku kukaenderera mberi nekukasira, tichitarisa uye kuenzanisa zvinodikanwa zvehuwandu hwevanhu uye makambani ane makaro, kuvimba nemarasha, oiri uye gasi kuchaderedzwa. Kana izvi zvikaitwa, iyi ichave shanduko yakanaka kuenda kusimba rakachena, nharaunda yakachena uye nyika yakachena.
Mitengo yeCarbon ndiyo imwe mhinduro yakanaka yekuodza moyo kuburitsa kabhoni. Kuti vaderedze kusvibiswa kweguta, hurumende yeDelhi muIndia yakatanga nzira isinganzwisisike-even nhamba pasi peiyo mota chete ndidzo dzinoshanda dziine nhamba dzemapuleti asinganzwisisike uye zuva rinotevera chete idzo dzine manumber plate. Toyota, kambani hombe pasi rose inogadzira mota, yafunga kugumisa zvachose kugadzirwa kwemafuta panosvika 2050 uye kuishandura pamagetsi akachena.
Kudyara kunorema kunodiwa. Paulownia, chirimwa chine huni dzakaoma, chisingatsva nemoto, chinoshivirira kusanaya kwemvura, chinoshivirira tumbuyu, chinoshivirira mhepo uye chinosaora chinorimwa zvakanyanya kuChina, Japan neKorea. China iri kuidyara pamaeka 150,000 XNUMX pagore sezvo ichitora kabhoni dhaikisaidhi yakakura zvakapetwa kagumi pane chimwe chirimwa. Kana carbon emissions isati yagurwa, mumakore anouya, tinofanira kunge takagadzirira kuwedzera vapoteri vemamiriro ekunze mune runyoro rwevanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, IDPs, vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye vanotsvaka hupoteri etc. Uye panguva ino, kufamba uku kuchabva kuNorth kuenda kuSouth uye kumaguta kumaruwa.
