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The Economic Impact Of Bokhukhuni

Khatiso ea Senyesemane ea TT by Khatiso ea Senyesemane ea TT
April 15, 2021
in Li-slide tsa Leqephe la Lehae, maikutlo
Nako ea ho bala: Metsotso e 4 e baliloe
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Ke hobane’ng ha likhukhuni li batla boiteko bo pharaletseng hakaale? Likhukhuni li batla ho sitisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea lipolotiki le ho tšosa liphetoho tsa lipolotiki ka litšokelo le pefo. Ka ho hlekefetsa baahi ba itseng, likhukhuni li rera hore sechaba sena se tla fana ka khatello ho ba amehang ka liqeto tsa lipolotiki hore ba mamele seo ba se batlang. Ho ea ka pono e utloahalang ea lipalo, baetsi ba liqeto tsa lipolotiki ba tlameha ho hlahloba litšenyehelo tse lebelletsoeng tsa ho amohela, ho kenyeletsoa le litletlebo tse ka bang teng tse tsoang ho lihlopha tse ling, khahlano le litšenyehelo tse lebelletsoeng tsa litlhaselo tse tlang. Haeba litšenyehelo tsa ho qetela li feta tse lumelletsoeng, joale 'muso o lika-likelitsoeng o lokela ho inehela ka mokhoa o utloahalang litlhokong tsa likhukhuni. Litlhaselo tsa likhukhuni li 'nile tsa hlahella ho tloha ka 2001, hobane li baka maemo a sa tsitsang' me li phahamisa tšabo ea bamameli 'me, ka ho etsa joalo, li eketsa haholo litšenyehelo tse lebeletsoeng ke' muso litlhaselong tse tlang. Sena se latela hobane tlhaselo ea ho ipolaea e bolaea ka karolelano batho ba leshome, ha ketsahalo e tloaelehileng ea likhukhuni e baka tšabo le tšenyo e eketsehileng. Limmaraka, likolo, mekhatlo e ikemetseng, liofisi, makhotla le lioache tsa lichelete kaofela li emisa ho fihlela letsatsi le hlahlamang. Ntle ho pelaelo, mebuso e na le khatello e eketsehileng hona joale ea ho nka khato le ho nchafatsa maano a eona a khahlanong le bokhukhuni 'me e leqe ho inehela ho likōpo tse sa utloahaleng tsa likhukhuni ka mor'a ho phatloha ha libomo le matšolo a likhukhuni.

Likotlo li boetse li khothalletsa bokhukhuni bo eketsehileng kaha mebuso e hana ho tšoaroa ka thekollo ea lipolotiki e ka bonahalang e lahleheloa ke botumo ba eona ba ho ba thata. Litšenyehelo tsena tsa botumo le tsona li tlameha ho lekanngoa le melemo ea ho fana ka mohlala, baholehuoa ba lokollotsoeng kapa ho felisoa ha libomo tsa ho ipolaea le litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni. Maqheka a likhukhuni a sebetsa haholoanyane linaheng tsa demokrasi, moo mebuso e lebelletsoeng ho sireletsa bophelo le thepa. Ka ho utloahalang, litlhaselo tsa ho ipolaea li ’nile tsa amahanngoa haholo le linaha tsa demokrasi. Likhukhuni li ne li tla leka ho arola lisebelisoa pakeng tsa litlhaselo tsa likhukhuni le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho finyella lipakane tsa lipolotiki. Ho makatsang ke hore liketso tsa ba boholong ho thibela boipelaetso li ka ’na tsa koala mekhoa e loketseng ea ho hanyetsa ’me tsa qobella likhukhuni hore li kenelle litlhaselong tse eketsehileng.

Le har'a mekhoa ea tlhaselo, likhukhuni li ne li tla bala litšenyehelo tse lebelletsoeng le melemo e lebelletsoeng ho tsoa liketsong tse fapaneng e le ho khetha motsoako o motle bakeng sa matšolo a bona. Lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng, bahlahlobisisi ba lipolotiki ba hlokometse phetoho ea bokhukhuni, mohlala, ho phahama ha tšehetso ea 'muso mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980 le keketseho ea morao-rao ea bokhukhuni bo feteletseng. Bahlahlobisisi ba Lipolotiki le Moruo le bona ba hlahlobile katleho ea maano a khahlanong le bokhukhuni, empa hangata ntle le ho sebelisa lintlha tsa lipalo-palo ntle le Brophy-Baermann le Conybeare e leng mokhelo oa bohlokoa oa pele. Ho tloha ka 2001, bahlahlobisisi ba lipolotiki ba 'nile ba thahasella litlhahlobo tse matla tsa bokhukhuni. Litsebi tsa moruo li ka pheha khang ea hore "khopolo ea "social cleavage theory" e hlomelloa hamolemo ho hlalosa bokhukhuni ho feta likhopolo tse hokahanyang bokhukhuni le nts'etsopele e mpe ea moruo, empa ho fihlela morao tjena, litsebi tsa lipolotiki li ne li sa itšetlehe ka mekhoa e metle ea bokhukhuni ea Bueno de Mesquita.

Ho fanoe ka maikutlo a hore bofutsana le ho se lekane li amana le ho eketseha ha litekanyetso tsa bokhukhuni, seo re neng re ka se lebella ke hore linaha tse ngata, haeba e se linaha tsohle tse lethathamong lena le leshome la liketsahalo tsa likhukhuni li ka ba le lipalo tse tlaase haholo ka palo ea GDP, 'me li ne li tla fumana lintlha tse fosahetseng. dipehelo tsa Index ea Ntlafatso ea Batho. Ha ho joalo. Ke linaha tse tharo feela ho tse leshome tse lumellanang le boemo ba maemo a tlase a nts'etsopele ea moruo oa sechaba: Yemen, Angola le Pakistan. Boholo ba linaha li maemong a mahareng a tsoelopele ’me tse tharo, Greece, Israel-Palestine le Fora, ke linaha tse tsoetseng pele, tse tsoetseng pele indastering.

Litsebi tsa moruo le ba bang ba lekile ho bala phello ea moruo ea bokhukhuni ka lilemo libakeng tse hlasetsoeng ke litlhaselo, joalo ka sebaka sa Spain sa Basque le Isiraele. Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, litlhahlobo tse ngata tsa litšenyehelo tsa moruo oa bokhukhuni li qala ka tlhaloso ea litšenyehelo tsa litlhaselo tsa la 11 Loetse 2001. Mosebetsi o hlahlobiloeng o lumellana hantle le ho etsa qeto ea hore litšenyehelo tse tobileng tsa tlhaselo li ne li le ka tlaase ho tšabo. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba hajoale ba moruo oa Pakistan ha bo fumane karabelo e fokolang ke mehloli ea mmuso mabapi le litlhoko tsa 'maraka oa lehae le oa lefats'e, mme ho na le likabelo tse nyane haholo lekaleng la poraefete tse ka thusang ho fokotsa kotlo.

Ka lebaka la maemo a hajoale a sa lebelloang le a tletseng bora a bokhukhuni, litšenyehelo tsa ts'ireletso le ts'ireletso li bohlokoa bakeng sa sechaba sefe kapa sefe, empa ehlile li tla le monyetla oa litšenyehelo. Litšenyehelo tse joalo li senya lichelete le lisebelisoa ha li fumanehe bakeng sa tšebeliso ea bophelo bo botle le thuto ho fokotsa lekhetho. Kotsi e phahameng ea bokhukhuni, le tlhokahalo ea ho e loantša, e phahamisa feela litšenyehelo tsa monyetla oo. Liketane tsa phepelo ea lefats'e li ka bitsa chelete e ngata haholo ho latela nako le chelete ha likarolo tse ling tsa ts'ireletso boema-kepeng le meeling ea naha li eketsoa ts'ebetsong. Ho ea ka OECD, litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa lipalangoang li ka ba le phello e mpe haholo-holo ho linaha tse ntseng li hōla moruong tse ruileng molemo ka ho fokotseha ha litšenyehelo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, 'me kahoo ho matla a linaha a ho loantša bofuma.

Tšusumetso ea moruo ea bokhukhuni e ka baloa ho ea ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Ho na le litšenyehelo tse tobileng thepa le liphello tsa hang-hang tlhahisong, hammoho le litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele tse sa tobang tsa ho arabela bokhukhuni. Litšenyehelo tsena li ka baloa ka motsotsoana; mohlala, ho ka etsoa lipalo mabapi le hore na ho lahleha chelete e kae tlhahisong haeba bohle re ne re tlameha ho lula ka koloing, ra palama sephethephethe tseleng kapa re khutla mosebetsing moleng ka lihora tse ngata tse eketsehileng nako le nako ha re kopana le ketsahalo ea bokhukhuni. toropong.
Ha ho bonahale ho le thata ho nahana hore maemong a mang, litšitiso tse reretsoeng ho sireletsa batho bokhukhuni li ka eketsa kotsi: linaha tse futsanehileng tse ka 'nang tsa tlameha ho liehisa ho romelloa kantle ho naha ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tsa mehato ea ts'ireletso li kotsing e kholo. tsa litlamorao tsa bofuma, ho hlokisa botsitso lipolotiking le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo har'a baahi ba bona. Empa ho na le ho hongata ho lokelang ho etsoa. Likotsi tsa ho putlama ha moruo lia tšosa. Ho ntse ho se na maano a matla a ho loantša bokhukhuni a bontšitsoeng ke 'muso oa hona joale har'a litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho sokela. Ho fapana le boemo ba baeta-pele ba se nang demokrasi, batšehetsi ba demokrasi ba ntse ba bonahala ba khona ho lieha ho tsoa mathateng a teng.

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