Dumisani
Njengomnye wezixeko zaseKaria, ezisekelwe kwilali yaseAraphisar, oko kukuthi i-7 km. ukusuka kumbindi wedolophu ye-Çine yeSithili sePhondo i-Aydın. NgokukaStephanos waseByzantion, uKumkani uKar wanika eli gama esixekweni ngokuphumelela konyana wakhe uAlabadros kumdyarho wamahashe. Njengoko sonke siyazi ukusuka eStrabon, abantu base-Alabanda babezizityebi kakhulu, behlala kwindawo yokunethezeka kwaye onke amantombazana asedolophini adlala uhadi. Iziseko zeetempile ezimbini zafunyanwa ngexesha lokumba okwenziwa nguMnu Halil Ethem. Enye yezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo kwisixeko yi-bouleuterion. Ngaphandle koko, amangcwaba abonwa empuma abonisa ukuba kwakukho i-necropolis. I-aquaduct arch kunye nethiyetha zezinye izakhiwo eziphawulekayo zommandla.
Alinda
IAlinda sesinye sezixeko ezibalulekileyo zaseKaria, kwaye yasekwa kwilali yaseKarpuzlu kwiSithili saseÇine kwiPhondo lase-Aydın. Xa uAda, intombi kaHekatomnos, wayegxothwe ngumntakwabo uPixadaros waseHalikarnassos, waya eAlinda ngo-BC 340 waza wenza esi sixeko sibe likomkhulu lakhe. Esona sakhiwo sibalulekileyo esahleliyo eAlinda yiagora. Ithiyetha ilele kumazantsi-ntshona e-acropolis. Kukho iziseko zeetempile ezimbini kwi-acropolis. Amangcwaba ohlobo lweKaria phakathi kwezindlu zaseKarpuzlu luphawu lokuba i-Alinda necropolis ilele kwicala elisemazantsi esixeko.
IAmyzon sesinye sezixeko zaseKaria, ezasekwa kwilali yaseGaffarlar kwiSithili saseKoçarlı eAydın. Yonke into esiyaziyo ngembali yesixeko isuka kwimibhalo ebhaliweyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-3, u-Amyzon, owayeqale ukuxhasa uPtolemaios waza emva koko uSeleukos, wenza isivumelwano samazwe amabini kunye neHerakleia, eyayikumacala asezantsi eLatmos ekupheleni kwe-BC 2th inkulungwane. Antiokhos III. watsho ngomyalezo awawuthumela ku-Amyzon ngo-BC 203 ukuba uyawaqonda amalungelo esixekweni. Yaye igunya lokukhusela abantu ababebalekela kwiTempile ka-Apollo noArtemis laliphakathi kwala malungelo. Iingqameko zesixeko zisamile kwaye zakhiwe ngendlela ye-isodynamic esetyenziswa kwi-BC 300. Itempile yeApollo kunye neArtemis, i-ramparts, i-catacombs kunye ne-arched vaults kunye nesakhiwo saseByzantine sisakhiwo, esahlala simile.
Gerga
Isixeko, esisekwe kwilali yaseDeliktaş kwiSithili sase-Çine sase-Aydın, kumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-13. kumntla-ntshona wesixeko sakudala sase-Alabanda. Kukho imikhondo ebonisa ukuba imbali yesixeko ibuyela kwiXesha leArchaic. Amabhodlo esixekweni ngaweXesha leArchaic kunye neXesha lamaRoma. IGerga yindawo ebalulekileyo ebonisa inkcubeko yaseKaria. Isixeko sinokuchazwa njengendawo ekhuselayo, ngenxa yokuba sisixeko, esakhiwe ezintabeni. Iindonga zenqaba zikwindlela eqhelekileyo yeKaria.
Ngokutsho kwemithombo, igama leGerga linokubhekisela kwisixeko nakuThixo. Esona sakhiwo sibalulekileyo seso sisamile kwaye sineempawu zetempile. Yayakhiwe ngamatye amakhulu yaye kukho umbhalo kumphezulu ongunxantathu ongaphambili wesakhiwo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba umfanekiso omkhulu, owele kwicala elingezantsi lesakhiwo, ngokaKybele. Imithombo kunye nabantu abahlala kummandla bathi lo mfanekiso wahlala umile de kube yi-20 - 30 kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Uhadi
Ifakwe phakathi kwemida yelali yase-Esenköy yaseNazilli, iHarpasa ilele kwinduli yaseAsar, emelene nelali. Iindonga zexesha lakudala zesixeko kwicala elingasemantla zisamile. Ithiyetha ibonisa iimpawu zeXesha lamaGrike. Isixeko sasisekelwe phezu kwamathambeka. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba esi sixeko sazinziswa ngexesha lamaRoma, iByzantine, iBeylikler [beylik=principalty] kunye neOttoman Times. Isixeko besiliziko lolawulo loluntu kunye nomkhosi njengeArpas Beylik kwi-Ottoman Times. I-tumuli kwiinduli ezilele ngasemantla yiLydia.
EMagnesia
IMagnesia kunye neMeandrum ibekwe kwi-Ortaklar-Söke Highway, ngaphakathi kwemida yelali yaseTekin kwikota ye-Ortaklar yeSithili saseGermencik kwiPhondo lase-Aydın. Ngokwemithombo yamandulo kunye neentsomi, isixeko sasekwa sisizwe esasivela eThessalia kwaye sasibizwa ngokuba ziiMagnetians. Akukho mntu uyaziyo indawo yokuqala yeMagnesia eyasekwa ngabaseMagnetians befika kwiBafa Lake yanamhlanje, emva koko ichweba elincinci phantsi kobunkokeli beLeukippos naphezu kwe-oracle ye-Apollo; kodwa siqikelela ukuba yayimi elunxwemeni loMlambo iMenderes.
IMagnetians yaphinda yakha isixeko kufutshane neGümüşçay ngo-BC 400 ngenxa yendyikityha yokufa ngenxa yezikhukula zaseMenderes nangenxa yokuba kwafuneka bakhe isixeko esikhuseleke ngakumbi sokuzikhusela kumaPersi. I-Magnesia, eyayilawulwa ngu-Seleukos kuqala kunye noBukumkani baseBergama kwixesha le-Hellenistic, yagcina ukubaluleka kwayo ngamaxesha aseRoma kwaye yayiyi-diocese ngexesha le-Byzantine Period. IMagnesia yayisisixeko esijikelezwe ziinqaba ezigubungela ummandla weekhilomitha ezili-1,5. ububanzi, ukuba neplani yegridi yesitalato kunye nenkqubo yendlela kwaye yayiyindawo yorhwebo kunye nesicwangciso esibalulekileyo kwindawo engunxantathu eyenziwe nguPriene, Ephesos kunye neTralleis. IsiXeko saMandulo saseMagnesia asizange sitshatyalaliswe kakhulu. Izikhukula ezibangelwa ngumlambo kunye ne-silt layer eziswe ngamanzi emvula evela kwiNtaba ye-Gümüş ibe luncedo kakhulu kule nkalo. I-diggings yokuqala eMagnesia yaqhutywa nguCarl Humann egameni leMyuziyam yaseBerlin ngo-1891. Ithiyetha, iTempile ka-Artemis kunye nesibingelelo sakhe, i-agora, iTempile kaZeyus kunye ne-prytaneion zafunyanwa ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokumba okuhlala iinyanga ezingama-21.
Izinto ezifunyenwe eMagnesia ziboniswa kwiimyuziyam zaseParis, eBerlin nase-İstanbul. Phantse iminyaka eyi-100 emva kokuba ukumba kugqitywe kwi-1893, imisebenzi yokumba eMagnesia yaphinda yaqalwa ngo-1984, egameni loMphathiswa weNkcubeko kunye neYunivesithi yase-Ankara, njengoko indawo yayiza kunyamalala. Udumo lweMagnesia luvela kuHermogenes, umakhi wamandulo. Ngokutsho koMyili uVitruvius, umbhali wamandulo, uHermogenes ngumyili wokuqala owasebenzisa iplani yetempile ye-octagonal pseudodipteros. UVitruvius uthi umsebenzi oyintloko weHermogenes yiTempile ka-Artemis Leukophryene eMagnesia. ITempile yeHermogenes yakhiwa ngeXesha lamaGrike ngenkulungwane yesi-3 ukuya kweyesi-2, kumabhodlo etempile yakudala yaseArtemis ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesi-6. Itempile yeyona tempile inkulu ye-4 ye-Anatolia kwisitayile sase-Ionian eneentsika ezi-8 x 15 kunye ne-67,50 x 40 yeemitha kwimilinganiselo. Kwakukho isibingelelo phambi kwetempile, esasungula isibingelelo sikaBergama Zeus neplani yaso ethi “U”. Isibingelelo sasihonjiswe ngemihombiso nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo enamadoda amabini ukuphakama. Esinye isakhiwo esibalulekileyo eMagnesia yithiyetha, elele phantsi komhlaba namhlanje. IMagnesia theatre ekupheleni kwe-BC 2th inkulungwane yenye yezikhumbuzo ezizodwa ezithobela isicwangciso sethiyetha ngokubanzi esinikwe nguVitruvius. Iitempile zeAgora kunye noZeyus, ekucingelwa ukuba zakhiwe nguHermogenes, zezinye izikhumbuzo ezaphinda zagqunywa ngomhlaba emva kokugqitywa kokomba kwiminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo. Icala elingaphambili leTempile kaZeus ekwi-agora, ethathwa njengenye yezona ndawo zinkulu zokuthenga ngelo xesha kunye ne-26,000 sqaure metres, iboniswe kwiMyuziyam yaseBerlin Bergama. Ezinye izakhiwo ezibonwa eMagnesia namhlanje zezexesha loBukhosi baseRoma. Eminye imisebenzi eyaziwayo eMagnesia zezi zilandelayo: Gymnasion, eliziko loqeqesho ingakumbi iimbaleki, ibhafu, leyo ikopi encinane Faustina Bath e Milet, i Odeion phakathi theatre kunye Artemision, ibala lokukwazi ukubamba 25.000 ababukeli, isakhiwo esingagqitywanga kunye nesicwangciso somhlaba wethiyetha, i-basilica yorhwebo, isakhiwo saseByzantium apho iimpawu ezingekaziwa kunye ne-rampart yaseByzantine, nayo ejikeleze i-Artemision. Inkulungwane ye-15 icwangciswe ngokunqamlezileyo i-Çerkez Musa Mosque kuphela kwesakhiwo samaSilamsi phakathi kwamabhodlo. Tyhila ujikeleze, ubone kwaye ufumanise la mabhodlo kwesinye sezixeko zethu zakudala ezinjenge-Ephesos, iMilletos, iAphrodisias kunye neHierapolis, onke afundwe ngamaqela angaphandle.
Mastaura
Kukho ulwazi oluncinci kuphela iMastaura, ebekwe kufutshane nesixeko sakudala saseNysa kunxweme loMlambo iMenderes. Esi sixeko sasikwindlela yorhwebo kunye nelungelo lokwenza izinto. UStrabon ukhankanye iMastaura kunye neOrthosia. Yayiyi-dioce ngexesha lobuKristu kwaye ubhishophu wayo wathatha inxaxheba kwibhunga lase-Efese ne-Chalkedon. Ezinye izikhumbuzo kunye neengqekembe zemali zafunyanwa kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Mastavra Castle" phakathi koluntu.
Myus
Ibekwe kufutshane nelali yase-Avşar, iikhilomitha ezili-15. kwimpuma yeMilletos, kunxweme lweBafa Lake. UStrabon wathi uMyus wasekwa nguKydrelos, unyana kaKodros, uKumkani waseAthene. Ngokutsho kweStrabon, sesinye sezixeko eziqukwe kwiPanionion Union. UHerodotus wathi umkhosi wamaPersi wema kunxweme lwaseMyus ngo-BC 499. Noko ke, uHerodotus wathi uMyus waba nenxaxheba kwidabi laseLade Sea ngo-BC 494 ngeenqanawa ezintathu kuphela. Ithempeli likaDionysos, elibizwa kwaye likhankanywe kwimithombo yamandulo kwaye yakhiwe ngebhastile elimhlophe, yafunyanwa ngexesha lokumba. Namhlanje, sibona kwisixeko, ezinye iindawo zeThempeli likaDionysos, iindonga ze-Archaic rampart kunye namabhodlo enqaba yaseByzantine.
Nysa
INysa sesinye sezixeko zaseKaria phakathi kwemida yeSithili saseSultanhisar saseAydın. Eyona nkcazelo ibalulekileyo kwesi sixeko ivela eStrabon, owayehlala eNysa ubomi bakhe bonke. IStrabon isixelela ukuba esi sixeko sasineenxalenye ezimbini. Kwicala elingasentshona lesikhukula esahlula isixeko sibe kubini, kukho indawo yokwenza umthambo. Kwicala elingasentla kukho amabhodlo aseByzantine kunye nethala leencwadi. Emantla ethala leencwadi, kukho iqonga lemidlalo yeqonga elinokubaluleka ngokuhonjiswa kwalo kwisakhiwo seqonga. I-odeon kunye ne-bouleuterion zikwicala elingasempuma kwibhedi yezikhukhula. I-necropolis yesixeko ilele kwindlela eya e-Akharaka, eyilali encinci ngasentshona.
I-Orthosia
Ifakwe ngaphakathi kwemida yeDonduran Village kwiSithili saseYenipazar eAydın. UStrabon, omnye wababhali beAntiquity, ukhankanya iOrthosia njengesixeko saseKaria. Isixeko, esahlaselwa yiKimmers ngenkulungwane yesi-7 ye-BC, sadlula phantsi kolongamo lukaLydia emva koloyiso luka-Alyattes, ukumkani waseLydia, ngokuchasene namaKimmers; yathatha inxaxheba kwi-Ionian Union ngenkulungwane yesi-6 ye-BC yaza yaba phantsi kolongamo lwamaPersi njengezinye izixeko zaseAnatolian. Ithiyetha kunye nezakhiwo zaseByzantine zisamile. Amangcwaba akhuselwe kakuhle kunye namangcwaba kwi-necropolis abonisa umsebenzi ofanelekileyo.
Piginda
Ngokutsho kukaStephanos waseByzantion, iPiginda yidolophu encinci yaseKaria, ekwiikhilomitha ezi-7. emantla e-Çamlıdere Village kwiSithili saseBozdoğan sase-Aydın. Ulwazi lwethu malunga nesixeko luncinci kakhulu, njengoko kungekho phando olwenziweyo. Kwesi sixeko sinee-acropolises ezintathu sisakwazi ukubona iinqaba zeXesha lamaGrike. Ithiyetha kunye nesakhiwo se-sacral, esinokuthi sicinge ukuba mhlawumbi yiHeraion, zizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo. Njengoko siqikelela kumbhalo owafunyanwa kwisakhiwo esisikwere, kwakukho ihlelo likaZeus Pigindenos kweso sixeko, elalisekelwe kwiTempile kaZeyus. Indawo kanye le tempile yayingekafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, kucingelwa ukuba kusePiginda.
IPygela
Ngokweentsomi, iPygela, ekwicala elingasentla kweSithili saseKuşadası sase-Aydın, yasekwa ngamajoni ase-Agamemnon. Amanye amajoni ka-Agamemnon asala apha ngenxa yesifo kwaye ayengookhokho babantu bokuqala besixeko. Ngokutsho kweStrabon, kwakukho iTempile ka-Artemis Munykhia ePygela. U-JM Cook ubonise kuphando lwakhe ePygela ukuba ukuhlaliswa kwabuyela kwi-Protogeometric Era. IPygela iboniswa njengomzekelo weziko elineeseramikhi zaseMykene. Azikho iindawo ezininzi zokutsala abakhenkethi, ngaphandle kweenqaba ze-Hellenistic.
Tralles
Yasekwa ngaphakathi kwemida yeAydın yanamhlanje. Ngokweentsomi, yasekwa ngama-Argostians kunye nama-barbarian Tralleissians. Noko ke, imele ukuba yayisisixeko esele sizinzile ngamaKarians. Emva kokuba ithathwe nguAlexander ngo-BC 334, ulongamo phezu kwesixeko lwaluhlala lutshintsha phakathi koBukumkani bamaGrike. Yaqhubela phambili kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngexesha loBukumkani baseBergama kwaye abadwebi ababini abadumileyo uApollonio kunye neTauriskos baqeqeshwa apha. Ekuphela kwesakhiwo esishiye simile esixekweni, ubutyebi baso budunyiswa yiStrabon, kukuwohloka kwendawo yokuzivocavoca eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane yesibini ye-AD kwaye yabizwa ngokuba yi-Üçgözler ngabantu base-Aydın. I-necropolis ilele kwi-Aydın yanamhlanje, kumantla esixeko. Kuyaqondwa, ukusuka kwimibhalo efunyenwe kwimiqulu kunye nakwimibhalo yababhali bamandulo, ukuba kwakukho iTempile kaZeus Larasios kunye nenkolo kaZeus Larasios yayibhiyozelwa ngexesha lexesha lamaGrike. Nangona kunjalo, indawo ekuyo ayikaziwa okwangoku. Ezinye izakhiwo zesixeko yi-agora, ithiyetha kunye nebala lemidlalo.
Wacaphuka
Kwicala elingasentshona leNysa yamandulo kunye neSithili saseSultanhisar saseAydın. Akukho kukhankanywa kwegama lesi sixeko kwimithombo yamandulo, kuba yindawo encinci. Akukho mabhodlo aseleyo kulo mmandla.
Ipaniyoni
Kufuphi nelali yaseGüzelçamlı kwiSithili saseKuşadası saseAydın. Yaziwa njengendawo yamabhunga abanjwe yimanyano yezixeko ezilishumi elinesibini zeIon. Siyawabona amabhodlo eendonga zodonga kunye nesakhiwo sebhunga namhlanje.
Neyapolis
NgokukaStrabon, esi sixeko sikwilali yase-Yılancıburnu yanamhlanje yaseKuşadası yase-Aydın kwaye amaSamosiya athimba i-Neopolis kuma-Efese kungquzulwano neSixeko saseMarathesion, njengoko iNeapolis yayikufuphi kubo. Kukho izixeko ezininzi ezineli gama kwiXesha leArchaic. UHeradotos ukhankanya izixeko ezibini ezineli gama eYiputa nakuMntla weGrisi. Akusekho mabhodlo kulo mmandla.
Euhippe
Isixeko esikwiSithili saseDalaman saseAydın. Ilele kunxweme olusemazantsi oMlambo iMenderes. Apha kwafunyanwa umbhalo okroliweyo yaye sinokuwaqonda amagama esixeko kulo mbhalo. Imali yenziwa e-Euhippe ngamaxesha amaGrike namaRoma.
eAntiyokheya
I-500 m kwimpuma ye-Çiftlik Village kwiSithili saseKuyucak e-Aydın. I-Antiokheia sisixeko sakudala esasekwe emazantsi eNtaba ye-Çul nakwiindonga zeDandalos e-Asartepe. Iziza ezibini ezibizwa ngokuba yiSymmaitos kunye neKranos zadityaniswa nguAntiokhos Soter, uKumkani waseSeleukidia, (BC 281-261) kwaye isixeko samkela igama lokumkani. Sifumana inkcazelo ngesi sixeko kwimibhalo yaseStrabon. IStrabon ikhankanya iTempile yaMadoda kumazwe aseAntiokheian. I-Strabon iphinda ithi isazi sefilosofi esidumileyo uDiotrefe wayehlala e-Antiokheia, kwaye ikhiwane elimnandi kakhulu lakhuliswa kwesi sixeko kwixesha le-Archaic.
I-NAZİLLİ FACTORY YOKUSHIYA UMqhaphu
Umzi-mveliso wokushicilela weNazilli wekotoni wasekwa kwindawo eyi-65.000 m2 kuhola wendlela iNazilli Bozdoğan. Yiyo "ifektri yokuqala yokushicilela ikotoni yaseTurkey" isiseko saso sabekwa ngo-Agasti 25th, i-1935 kwaye yavulwa ngu-Atatürk ngomthendeleko omkhulu.
U-Atatürk wabukela umsitho wokuvula kunye nomngcelele owawulungiselelwe umzi-mveliso woshicilelo womqhaphu waseNazilli, indawo enkulu yeRiphabliki, ukusuka kwibalcony yeSakhiwo soLawulo somzi-mveliso. Emva komsitho wokuvulwa komzi-mveliso, kwabanjwa intlanganiso kunye ne-Atatürk kunye nabasemagunyeni basefektri kwigumbi elanamhlanje "iMyuziyam ye-Atatürk". Itheyibhile yentlanganiso, iibhedi, umnxeba kunye nezinto ezingakhiyo zeglasi ngokumalunga nentlanganiso zonke zigcinwa kwaye zilondolozwe kweli gumbi, kwisikhumbuzo sale ntlanganiso.
Umbhalo owawubekwe kwicala lasekunene kucango lokungena kwisakhiwo solawulo lomzi-mveliso ufundeka ngolu hlobo:
"I-Atatürk yavula umzi-mveliso wokuqala wokushicilela umqhaphu waseTurkey, owasekwa yiSümerbank, ngokwesicwangciso sokuqala soshishino. Ngo-1937.”
I-Nazilli Cotton Print Factory ibandakanyiwe kwizicwangciso zokuthengisa izinto zabucala kunye nemisebenzi yokudlulisela umnyango, isakhiwo solawulo kunye negumbi lokutyela leenjongo ezininzi zomzi-mveliso kuMphathiswa weNkcubeko usaqhuba.
APHRODISIAS MUSEUM
Imyuziyam yeAphrodisias yimyuziyam yasekhaya apho kuboniswa khona izinto zobugcisa ezifunyenwe ekugrunjweni kweAphrodisias yaMandulo. Izinto zobugcisa zangaphambili ezigubungela iXesha leChalcolitic yamandulo, ephakathi nasemva kwexesha kunye neBronze Age efunyenwe kwimingxuma kwinduli yeAcropolis kunye nePekmeztepe tumulus, iiceramics zeLydia ezifunyenwe kwezi tumuli kunye neArchaic, izinto zakudala kunye neHellenistic Period ezifunyenwe kumabhodlo eTempile yeAphrodite zonke ziboniswe kwiHolo yeMicimbi eNcinci.
Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yengqokelela yemyuziyam ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamangcwaba kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo emininzi kunye ne-embossments ye-Aphrodisias sculpting school eyasekwa kwi-Late Hellenistic Period, BC 1st inkulungwane, kwaye yasinda kwada kwayixesha le-Byzantine Period, AD 4th inkulungwane.
Singabonisa oku kulandelayo njengeisampulu zale misebenzi yeplastiki: iZoilos frieze, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaMelpomene, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo eyahlukeneyo yomlawuli, ikopi yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaPolykleitos ogama linguDoriforos, u-Akhilleus – iqela lePenthesileia, usana lukaDionysos kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeSatyr, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeNike eyahlukahlukeneyo, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaAphrodisias weAphrodias. , imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yabefundisi abathathu nonongendi nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo weDemos.
Uphononongo luqalile kumaqela aphezulu e-embossment ebonisa i-Amozonamaka, i-Gigantomaka kunye ne-Kentaur - umzabalazo weLapit kunye neepaneli eziphezulu ze-embossment zeqela le-Sebasteion structure.
Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-1997, kukho izinto ezibhalisiweyo eziyi-12.697 kwimyuziyam yethu, equka iingqekembe ezingama-6000, ii-archaeological artefacts ezingama-6377, izitywina ezingama-44 kunye nokuprintwa kwetywina, izinto ezingama-276 ze-ethnographic.
