Imibongo ye-Ottoman Divan yayiyindlela yobugcisa obunesithethe kunye nomfuziselo. Kusuka kumbongo wasePersi owayiphembelelayo ubukhulu becala, ifumene ubutyebi beempawu ezineentsingiselo nonxulumano—zombini ezifaniso (مراعات نظير). mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) kunye nenkcaso (تضاد ithezâd)—yaye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi emiselweyo. Imizekelo yeempawu ezixhaphakileyo ezithi, kwinqanaba elithile, zichasane, zibandakanya, phakathi kwezinye:
- inightingale (بلبل Ebusuku) - irozi (ﮔل wavuka)
- ihlabathi (جهان indalo iphela; عالم 'âlem) — irosegarden (ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن gülistan; ﮔﻠﺸﻦ gülşen)
- i-ascetic (زاهد zâhid) - i-dervish (درويش dervish)
Njengoko inkcaso “yokuzingxala” kunye “ne-dervish” ibonisa, umbongo kaDivan—ngokufana nombongo waseTurkey—waphenjelelwa kakhulu ziingcinga zamaSufi. Enye yeempawu eziphambili zemibongo ye-Divan, nangona kunjalo-njengombongo wasePersi ngaphambi kwayo-yayikukuxubana kwento engaqondakaliyo yeSufi kunye nento engcolileyo kunye ne-erotic. Ke, ukudityaniswa kwe "nightingale" kunye "nerozi" ngaxeshanye kubonisa ubudlelwane obubini obahlukeneyo:
- ulwalamano phakathi kwesithandwa esinenzondelelo (“i-nightingale”) nesithandwa esingaguqukiyo (“irozi”)
- ubudlelwane phakathi kwengcali ethile yeSufi (edla ngokuphawulwa kubuSufi njengomthandi) kunye noThixo (ogqalwa njengoyena mthombo noyena mthombo wothando)
Ngokufanayo, “ihlabathi” libhekisela kwangaxeshanye kwihlabathi lokwenyama nakweli hlabathi lokwenyama eligqalwa njengendawo yokuhlala yosizi nokungapheleli, ngoxa “umyezo werose” ubhekisela ngaxeshanye kumyezo wokoqobo nakumyezo weParadisi. "I-nightingale", okanye umthandi obandezelekileyo, uhlala ebonwa njengendawo-ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso-"ehlabathini", ngelixa "i-rose", okanye intanda, ibonwa njenge "rosegarden".
Umbongo weDivan waqanjwa ngokudityaniswa okuthe gqolo kwemifanekiso emininzi enjalo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esingqongqo semetriki, ngaloo ndlela ivumela iintsingiselo ezininzi ezinokuvela ukuba zivele. Umzekelo omfutshane ngumgca olandelayo wevesi, okanye msra (مصراع), yijaji yenkulungwane ye-18 kunye nembongi uHayatî Efendi:
- umfanekiso weskrini ﻋالمدﻪ خارسز
- Bir gül mü var bu gülşen-i 'âlemde hârsız[6]
- (“Ingaba kukho iirozi, kweli hlabathi le rosegarden, engenameva?”)
Apha, i-nightingale ichazwa kuphela (njengembongi / isithandwa), ngelixa i-rose, okanye intanda, iboniswa ukuba iyakwazi ukubangela intlungu ngameva ayo (خار hayi). Ihlabathi, ngenxa yoko, libonwa linemiba yomibini eyakhayo (liyi rosegarden, yaye ngaloo ndlela lifanekisela umyezo weParadesi) kunye neenkalo ezingathandekiyo (lisisitiya serozi esizaliswe ngameva, yaye ngaloo ndlela sahlukile kumyezo weParadisi) .
Ngokuphathelele uphuhliso lwemibongo yeDivan ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-500 yobukho bayo, oko kukuthi-njengoko u-Ottomanist uWalter G. Andrews ebonisa-uphando olusebuncinaneni balo;[7] Iintshukumo ezichazwe ngokucacileyo kunye namaxesha ayikagqitywa. Ekuqaleni kwembali yesiko, impembelelo yamaPersi yayinamandla kakhulu, kodwa oku kwathotywa ngandlel’ ithile ngenxa yempembelelo yeembongi ezifana neAzerbaijani Nesîmî (?–1417?) kunye no-Uyghur Ali Şîr Nevâî (1441–1501), bobabini bebonke bobabini. yanikela iingxoxo ezinamandla malunga newonga lobumbongi leelwimi zaseTurkic ngokuchasene namaPersi awayehlonelwa kakhulu. Ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeengxoxo ezinjalo, imibongo kaDivan ngexesha layo elinamandla—ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-16 ukuya kweye-18—yabonisa ukulungelelana okukhethekileyo kwezinto zasePersi naseTurkey, de impembelelo yamaPersi yaqalisa ukongamela kwakhona ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.
Iimbongi zaseTurkey,(i-Ottoman kunye ne-Chagatay), nangona zaziphenjelelwe zaza zaphenjelelwa sisibongo samandulo sasePersi, ibiya kuba ngumbono ongaphaya kokuqonda ukuqwalasela abo bangaphambili njengabaxelisi abaziimfama bezokugqibela, njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka. Isigama esilinganiselweyo kunye nobuchule obuqhelekileyo, kunye nehlabathi elifanayo lemifanekiso kunye nesihloko esisekelwe ikakhulu kwimithombo yamaSilamsi kwabelwana ngazo zonke iimbongi zoncwadi lwamaSilamsi.[8]
Ngaphandle kokungabikho kwengqiniseko malunga neentshukumo zesimbo kunye namaxesha embongo kaDivan, nangona kunjalo, izitayile ezithile ezahlukeneyo zicace ngokwaneleyo, kwaye zinokubonwa njengemizekelo yeembongi ezithile:
UFuzûlî (1483?–1556), imbongi yaseDivan yaseTurkmen imvelaphi
- Fuzûlî (1483?–1556); imbongi ekhethekileyo eyabhala ngobuchule obulinganayo ngesiTurkey, isiPersi nesiArabhu, nowathi waba nempembelelo enkulu kwisiPersi njengakwimibongo kaDivan.
- Bâkî (1526–1600); imbongi enegunya elikhulu lokuthetha kunye nobuqili bolwimi obuchule bayo bokusebenzisa iitrope esele zisekiwe zesithethe seDivan bumele kakhulu isihobe ngexesha lika Süleyman Magnificent.
- UNef’î (1570?–1635); imbongi igqalwa njengenkosi ye kasîde (uhlobo lwe-panegyric), nokwaziwa ngemibongo yakhe erhabaxa, eyakhokelela ekubulaweni kwakhe.
- Nâbî (1642–1712); imbongi ebhale inani lemibongo ejolise eluntwini egxeka ixesha lokuma kwembali ye-Ottoman.
- Nedîm (1681?–1730); imbongi enenguquko yeXesha likaTulip yembali ye-Ottoman, owafaka ulwimi oluphucukileyo nolungaqondakaliyo lwesihobe seDivan ngezinto ezininzi ezilula, ezithandwayo
- Şeyh Gâlib (1757–1799); imbongi ye-Mevlevî Sufi order omsebenzi wayo uthathwa njengencopho yento entsonkothileyo ebizwa ngokuba “yisitayile samaIndiya” (سبك هندى sebk-i hindî)
Uninzi lwemibongo ye-Divan yayiyi-lyric kwindalo: nokuba ibhadis (ezenza eyona nxalenye inkulu yerepertoire yesiko), okanye kasîdes. Kwakukho, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindidi eziqhelekileyo, ngakumbi ngakumbi mesnevî, uhlobo lwevesi yothando kunye nothotho lwemibongo ebalisayo; eyona mizekelo mibini iphawulekayo yale fomu yile Leylî vü Mecnun(ليلى و مجنون) kaFuzûlî kunye ne Hüsn ü Aşk (حسن و عشق; “Ubuhle Nothando”) ka-Şeyh Gâlib.
