Ingxelo yakutshanje evela kwi-Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), epapashwe ngo-Matshi 10, ibonisa ukuba iinzame zaseYurophu zokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwizakhono zokukhusela zase-US zihlala zingumsebenzi onzima.
Umzabalazo waseYurophu wokuZimela ngokuZimela
Amazwe aseYurophu athatha amanyathelo angazange abonwe ngaphambili kwinkcitho yokhuselo. Phakathi kwezi nzame ziinzame zokunciphisa ukuthembela eWashington, inyathelo eliphenjelelwe ngokuyinxenye yimigaqo-nkqubo yowayesakuba nguMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump.
Ngokwengxelo, amazwe aseYurophu ahlala exhomekeke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezenziwe eMelika. Ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2024, iipesenti ezingama-64 zeengalo ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe ngamalungu e-NATO aseYurophu avela e-US Oku kubonisa ukunyuka ukusuka kwi-52% erekhodiweyo phakathi kwe-2015 kunye ne-2019.
Ulawulo lwe-US kwiMarike yeHlabathi yeZigalo
I-United States iseyeyona iphambili ekuboneleleni ngezixhobo kwihlabathi jikelele. Isabelo sayo sokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kumazwe ngamazwe sinyuke ukusuka kuma-35% ngowama-2015-2019 ukuya kuma-43% kule minyaka mine idlulileyo. Ngokucacileyo, okokuqala ngqa kumashumi amabini eminyaka, iYurophu (35%) idlule kuMbindi Mpuma (33%) njengowona mamkeli mkhulu wezixhobo zase-US.
Ukoyika iiShifts zePolisi yase-US
Ukunqunyanyiswa kukaTrump kuncedo lwasemkhosini eUkraine emva kwengxabano noMongameli Volodymyr Zelensky kuphakamise inkxalabo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Uloyiko lokuba iWashington inokuthatha amanyathelo afanayo ngokuchasene namahlakani aseYurophu kuye kwaphembelela iingxoxo ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kwinkxaso yokhuselo lwaseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iziphumo ze-SIPRI zibonisa, ukufikelela kule njongo kusekude ngokukhawuleza.
I-US inamandla ngaphezu koKhuseleko lwaseYurophu
I-US iyakonwabela ukongama kwetekhnoloji kunye nolungiselelo kwezokhuselo, inika amandla abalulekileyo kumandla omkhosi waseYurophu. Iinkqubo ezininzi zezixhobo eziphambili zibonisa oku kuxhomekeka:
- Iijethi zokulwa ze-F-16 ayinakuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngaphandle kwemvume yase-US.
- Iinkqubo zokukhusela imijukujelwa yePatriot zifuna inkxaso ye-missile yase-US ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
- Iinkqubo ze-missile ze-HIMARS uthembele kulungelelwaniso lweGPS olulawulwa yi-US
- Iijethi zokulwa ze-F-35 inokusekelwa ngokobugcisa yi-US ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ngokwembali, amazwe aseYurophu asebenze ngaphakathi kwesakhelo somanyano kunye nemigaqo yobuchule. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lucebisa ungxamiseko olwandayo lokwahluka kunye nokomeleza icandelo lezokhuselo laseYurophu.
Ngaba iYurophu iya kuqhubeka nokuthenga izixhobo zase-US?
Ngaphandle kweefowuni ezikhulayo zokuzimela kokhuselo, abahlalutyi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iYurophu iya kuhlala ingumthengi ophambili weengalo zaseMelika. UPieter Wezeman, uMphandi oMkhulu kwiNkqubo yokuTshintshela iziXhobo ye-SIPRI, uphawula ukuba ngelixa iYurophu isenza iinzame zokuqinisa ishishini lezixhobo, amaqhina okhuselo oluzinze kwi-Atlantiki asaqhubeka. Izizwe ze-NATO eYurophu ziyalele malunga ne-500 yeejethi zokulwa ezenziwe e-US, phakathi kwezinye izixhobo.
IFransi kunye ne-Italiya ziyenyuka kwiintengiso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwezixhobo
Idatha ye-SIPRI iqaqambisa i-France njengeyona ndawo iphambili ekuthengiseni izixhobo ngaphandle kwe-European Union. Idlula iRussia, iFransi ngoku ikwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi emva kwe-US Phakathi kowama-2020 kunye no-2024, ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zaseFransi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu kunyuke nge-187%, kuqhutywa ikakhulu kukuthengisa eGrisi, eCroatia, naseUkraine. I-India kunye neQatar zihlala zingabathengi abaphezulu baseFransi.
I-Italiya iphinde yarekhoda ukwanda okubalulekileyo kokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle, ukunyuka ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwindawo ye-6 kwihlabathi liphela, kunye ne-138% yokwanda kwentengiso. IPoland, omnye umthengisi wezixhobo osakhulayo, wabona ukonyuka okumangalisayo kwe-4031% kurhwebo lwayo lwezixhobo.
Abarhwebi abaKhokelayo baseYurophu abarhweba ngaphandle kwezixhobo
I-United Kingdom igqwesile kuluhlu lwabathengi bezixhobo eYurophu, ilandelwa yiPoland, ebhalise ukunyuka kwe-508% ekuthengisweni kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle. I-Netherlands ikwinqanaba lesithathu, ngelixa i-Italiya yabona ukuhla okubukhali, kunye nokunciphisa i-27% ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokungamangalisiyo, oyena mntu ungenisa iingalo kumazwe angaphandle eYurophu kule minyaka mine idlulileyo ibiyi-Ukraine, ethe yavela kumazwe angaphandle nge-9627% engazange ibonwe ngaphambili ngenxa yemfazwe eqhubekayo neRussia.
I-Turkey Rising Arms Exports
I-Turkey ibe ngumdlali obalulekileyo kwimarike yezixhobo zehlabathi, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiziphumo ze-SIPRI. Ukusukela ngowama-2015 ukuya kowama-2019, isabelo seTurkey kurhwebo olungaphandle kwezixhobo zehlabathi besiyi-0.8%. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kuka-2020 kunye no-2024, eli nani liphindeke kabini ukuya kwi-1.7%, liphawula ukunyuka kwe-103%. ITurkey ngoku ikwindawo ye-11 phakathi kwamazwe angama-25 aphuma kumazwe angaphandle kwezixhobo.
Abarhwebi abaphezulu be Iingalo zaseTurkey ngeli xesha yayiyiUnited Arab Emirates, Pakistan, kunye neQatar. Ngeli xesha, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo zaseTurkey kumazwe angaphandle kwehle nge-33%, kunciphisa isabelo sayo sokungeniswa kwezixhobo zehlabathi ukuya kwi-1.1%.
Ukwandiswa kweQhinga laseTurkey e-Afrika
Uthethathethwano lwezozakuzo lwaseTurkey e-Afrika lukwabonakala kurhwebo lwayo lwezixhobo. Njengoko iinkxalabo zokhuseleko ziye zanda, amazwe aseNtshona Afrika aphindaphinda kabini ukuthengwa kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle xa kuthelekiswa nexesha le-2015-2019. I-Turkey ngoku iphakathi kwababoneleli abathathu abaphezulu kulo mmandla, kunye neChina (26%) kunye neFransi (14%), kunye neTurkey kunye neRashiya nganye ibambe isabelo se-11%.
Ukwehla kweRashiya kwintengiso yezixhobo
Ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zaseRashiya kuye kwajongana nokwehla okukhulu, kwehle nge-62% ngokwe-SIPRI. Iingcali zithi oku kubangelwa yimfazwe yaseUkraine, ethe yanyusa imfuno yasekhaya yaseRussia yezixhobo zomkhosi, ecaleni kwesohlwayo saseNtshona esithintela urhwebo lwezixhobo zayo. IRashiya ihlala ingumthengisi ophambili eIndiya (38%), eChina (17%), naseKazakhstan (11%), kodwa impembelelo yayo iyancipha kwimarike yehlabathi.
Ikamva loKhuselo lwaseYurophu
Njengoko i-geopolitical iqhubeka, iYurophu ijongene nesigqibo esibalulekileyo: ukuqhubeka nokuthembela kwinkxaso yomkhosi wase-US okanye ukukhawulezisa iinzame zokuzimela ngokuzikhusela. Ngelixa amaqhina okhuselo lweAtlantiki ahlala eqinile, ukutyhala ukuzimela kokhuselo lwaseYurophu kuya kusanda. Iminyaka ezayo iya kutyhila ukuba iYurophu ingakhululeka na kulawulo lwase-US okanye ihlale ingumdlali ophambili kuthungelwano lokhuselo lweqhinga laseWashington.
