I-2015 yayingunyaka weerekhodi, unyaka weefowuni zokuvuka. Iingcali zenzululwazi kwi-NASA kunye ne-NOAA ziqinisekisile ukuba i-2015 yayingunyaka oshushu kakhulu kwirekhodi yembali kunye namaqondo okushisa ehlabathi aphezulu kwi-0.90 ° C ngaphezu kwe-avareji ye-20th yenkulungwane, okwenza kucace ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu yinyani ekufuneka ihlabathi libhekane nayo.
Olunye ushicilelo olufanele ukwenza uluntu luxhome intloko luhlazekile linani labantu abafuduswayo ehlabathini. Ingxelo ekhutshwe yi-UNHCR ngoDisemba ka-2015 kodwa ngokusekelwe kumanani esiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ithi "umntu omnye kwi-122 namhlanje ngumntu oye wanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke ikhaya lakhe". Izigidi ezingama-60 ziye zafuduswa ngenkani kulo nyaka uphelileyo kwaye elo nani kulindeleke ukuba ligqithe kulo nyaka.
Ngo-2015, ngaphezu kwesigidi sabaphambukeli, uninzi lwabo iimbacu ezibaleka ungquzulwano lwegazi, indlala, intshutshiso kunye nobuhlwempu kumazwe abo baphumelele ukubeka unyawo elunxwemeni lwaseYurophu emva kokuwela ulwandle oluyingozi ukuwela ulwandle iAegean ukusuka eTurkey okanye ukuwela ulwandle lweMeditera ukusuka eMantla. Afrika kwizikhephe ezingafikelelekiyo ekulwandle okanye kwiiditshi ezinokuvutheka. Abaninzi ngelishwa abazange baphumelele. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abangaphezu kwama-3,700 baphelela engcwabeni elinamanzi. Kakade, i-International Organisation for Migration (IOM) ibeka inani lokufa ukususela ngo-1st kaJanuwari kwi-177 efanelekileyo ngoJanuwari "njengoJanuwari ofileyo kwirekhodi".
Abanye abangama-34,000 ekukholelwa ukuba baye bawela emhlabeni besuka eTurkey bangena eYurophu bedlula eBulgaria naseGrisi. Elona nani likhulu lembacu, phantse isinye kwisibini ngasinye, sisuka eSyria silandelwa yiAfghanistan neIraq.
Amanani akabonisi zimpawu zokuncipha. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-IOM, inani labafika ngokufihlakeleyo eGrisi ngolwandle ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwi-2016 limi kwi-45,361, eliphantse libe ngama-31 ngaphezu kwenani lenyanga yonke kaJanuwari 2015. Umthamo omkhulu wabafuduki abangekho mthethweni kunye nababaleki abazama ukungena. IYurophu, ubukhulu becala idlula iTurkey, idale iintanda kwakwesiseko seManyano yaseYurophu kwaye ibeka emngciphekweni isivumelwano seSchengen seYurophu engenamda, enye yeengqikelelo ezisisiseko ze-EU. Njengoko amawaka angakumbi eqhubeka nokugalela yonke imihla kwaye njengoko iGrisi ne-Italiya zizama ukujamelana nazo, amazwe angama-28 angamalungu e-EU asazama ukufikelela kwisivumelwano malunga nendlela yokufuduka eyakusasaza umthwalo ngokulinganayo.
IJamani, iOstriya kunye neSweden bavule iingcango zabo kwinani elikhulu leembacu nangona ubunzima bengxaki yeembacu buthwalwa yi-Itali naseGrisi. Inkqubo yezabelo ezibekiweyo ayiphumelelanga njengoko amazwe amaninzi akuMbindi Yurophu ekhabile izabelo ezisisinyanzelo kwaye abhalisa inkcaso ekrakra kwisicwangciso sokuhlalisa ngokutsha iimbacu ezingama-160,000 ezisuka eGrisi nase-Italiya. IHungary iye yabiyela umda wayo kunye neSerbia kunye neCroatia ngelixa amanye amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu kunye namazwe aseNordic afana neJamani, iFransi, iOstriya, iSweden, kunye neDenmark ziye zaphinda zazisa ulawulo lomda kwindawo yeSchengen ehlala ivumela ukuhamba simahla kwepasipoti. Oku kuchasene ngokupheleleyo nomoya weYurophu engenamida kunye nokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwabantu kunye nempahla. ISlovenia kunye neSerbia zoyikise ngokulandela umkhondo ukunqanda abafuduki xa besiya eNtshona Yurophu ukuba babhaqwe kumazwe abo.
Njengoko uxinzelelo lwengxaki yeembacu luye lwanda, ngokunjalo nentetho yokuchasa amaSilamsi kunye ne-xenophobic kunye ne-anti-Muslim. Ngelixa iNkulumbuso yaseHungary iphakamisa intsinino yokuthontelana kwamaSilamsi ngaloo ndlela ebhebhethekisa amadangatye e-Islamophobia, intetho kawonke-wonke kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu ithathela phezulu izithethe zokuthiya abantu basemzini. Ngenjongo yokudimaza abafuduki kunye nokuhlonipha ukuma kwe-anti-immigrant stand kunye nokukhula kwamaqela aphilileyo, urhulumente waseDenmark uqalise umkhankaso wesikhangiso kumaphephandaba ahamba phambili eLebhanon ebonisa bonke ubunzima bokufudukela eDenmark. Oku kuquka ukuncitshiswa kwezibonelelo zentlalontle yeembacu, ukufunda ulwimi nokulinda unyaka wonke ngaphambi kokuzisa iintsapho zabo. Uhlaselo lobugrogrisi lwaseParis kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo ngoNyaka oMtsha ka-Cologne kuye kwakhulula ulwimi kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwaye kubangele ukudityaniswa ngokungafanelekanga kwabo bonke abafuduki kunye neembacu kunye namajihadist kunye nabaxhaphazi ngokwesondo.
UManuel Valls, iNkulumbuso yaseFransi, kwiveki ephelileyo uthe eyona mbono ye-EU isengozini. Ucele amanyathelo angxamisekileyo ukukhusela imida yangaphandle yaseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kokuvala imida yeSchengen yangaphandle into efunekayo ziindlela ezininzi zokufudukela eYurophu. Kweli xesha lesiphithiphithi kunye neengxabano ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili, iYurophu kufuneka iphile ngokwemilinganiselo yayo kwaye inike indawo yokukhosela kwabo ubomi babo busengozini. Kwingxelo yamva nje i-Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) yabongoza i-EU ukuba yamkele izicelo zokukhosela kumda womhlaba phakathi kweTurkey neGrisi ngaloo ndlela imfutshane ukunqumla ulwandle okuyingozi ezandleni zabathumeli. Imisebenzi yokukhangela engcono kunye nokuhlangula elwandle, amaqela angaphezulu kweengcali ukucubungula iimbacu kwiindawo ezishushu e-Itali naseGrisi kunye neenkqubo ezikhawulezayo zokukhuselwa zizo zonke iindlela eziya kunceda ukunciphisa le ngxaki yoluntu.
Kuze kube yingxaki yaseSiriya ixazululwe, i-ISIS yoyiswa kwaye uzinzo kunye nophuhliso olubuyiselwe eSiriya, e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, ababaleki baya kuqhubeka bezama ukungena eYurophu ngamanani amaninzi. Ukutywinwa kwemida yaseYurophu ngaphandle kokufuduka ngokusemthethweni kuya kuwushenxisa umthwalo wengxaki yeembacu kumazwe aseBalkan ebeka esichengeni ezi demokrasi zintsha zibuthathaka. Kwakhona, iLebhanon, iJordan kunye neTurkey, phakathi kwabo bamkele malunga ne-4 yezigidi zeembacu zaseSiriya, ziya kufakwa phantsi koxinzelelo olongezelelweyo.
IYurophu kufuneka ifumane iindlela ezisebenzayo zokujongana nengxaki yeembacu esongela i-EU, kungekuphela nje ukusindisa iSchengen ekuweni kodwa nokuthintela ukungazinzi ngakumbi kumnyango wayo.
