IHamas ngokuchasene neFatah: Omnye uMzabalazo wePalestine (1)

Ungquzulwano lwabazalwana okanye imfazwe yamakhaya yasePalestina yaqala ngakumbi ngo-2006 emva koloyiso lowiso-mthetho lwe-Hamas kwaye yaqhubeka de kwangowama-2010. Ungquzulwano luphakathi kwamaqela amabini aphambili asePalestina: IHamas kunye neFatah. Olu ngquzulwano lungqongqo lwenziwa ngabaphengululi abathile abaphanda ngomba we-Israel-Palestina onesihloko esithi "omnye umzabalazo wasePalestina” or “ngaphakathi edabini.” Ukuze uvavanye kwaye uqonde umfanekiso wonke, abadlali kufuneka bathathelwe ingqalelo kwaye baziwe abaye bazama ukulawula ngaphakathi kwePalestina. Kule nkalo, injongo yeli phepha kukwenza uthelekiso phakathi kweHamas kunye neFatah kunye nokuzichaza.

IPalestina lilizwe elinesiphithiphithi. Ngaphakathi kwemida yayo amaqela amabini ezopolitiko i-Hamas kunye ne-Fatah iphikisana nokulawulwa kwelizwe labo kunye nemithombo yalo. Amaqela abuyile kwidiplomacy ukuya kubundlobongela kwakhona kwaye ajongana neengxabano zenkolo kunye nemimandla kunye no-Israyeli kunye nomnye.

I-Hamas yintlangano yezopolitiko kunye nentlalontle enephiko elinobundlobongela elinobundlobongela kwaye liyaziwa ngokuba yi I-Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades eye yafumana ulawulo lwendlu yowiso-mthetho yasePalestine ngonyulo lwedemokhrasi kwaye iqalise ukusebenza kwiGaza Strip. Ngokungena kokurhweba ukungena okanye ukuphuma eGaza, iHamas iphikisana nombono odumileyo kulo mmandla. Njengoko i-Hamas ingabonakalisi zimpawu zokunciphisa ulawulo lwayo olunamandla kwi-Gaza strip, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lubona i-Fatah njengenye indlela ephezulu. Ngenkxaso ye-US kunye ne-Israel, uMongameli wasePalestine uMahmoud Abbas ukwazile ukugcina ulawulo kwi-West Bank engazinzanga kwaye wabeka ikhabhinethi yethutyana, nangona ikhabhinethi ingekavunywa yinkongolo yeHamas. Ngolawulo lukaHamas lweGaza, ulawulo lweFatah lweWest Bank, akukho mntu unegunya kwaye akukho qela lixoxisanayo. Ke ngoko iPalestine mhlawumbi isondele kwimfazwe yamakhaya kunangaphambili.

Imbali yongquzulwano

Emva kokusekwa kwekhabhinethi ekhokelwa yi-Hamas ngo-Matshi 20, 2006, ingxabano phakathi kwe-Fatah kunye ne-Hamas yanyuka ngokuqhubekayo kwi-Gaza strip. Abalawuli be-Fatah benqabile ukuthatha imiyalelo kurhulumente ngelixa iGunya lasePalestine liqalise iphulo lokuqhankqalaza, ukubulawa kunye nokuxhwilwa kweHamas okwakhokelela ekuphenduleni kukaHamas. Ubukrelekrele bakwa-Israel bulumkise uMahmoud Abbas ukuba uHamas wayecwangcise ukumbulala kwiofisi yakhe eGaza. Ngokutsho komthombo wasePalestina osondeleyo ku-Abbas, i-Hamas ithatha umongameli u-Abbas njengesithintelo kulawulo lwayo olupheleleyo phezu kwePalestina kwaye yagqiba ukumbulala[2]. Kwingxelo ka-Al Jazeera, inkokeli ye-Hamas u-Mohammed Nazzal, utyhola u-Abbas ngokuba yinxalenye yokungqinga kunye nokwahlula urhulumente okhokelwa yi-Hamas.

NgoJuni 9, i-2006, ngexesha lomsebenzi we-artillery yase-Israel, uqhushumbo lwenzeka elunxwemeni lwaseGaza oluxakekileyo, lwabulala abantu abasibhozo basePalestina. Kwakucingelwa ukuba i-shelling yase-Israel yayinoxanduva lokubulala, kodwa amagosa karhulumente akwa-Israel akukhanyela oku. I-Hamas irhoxile ngokusemthethweni ekuyekisweni kwayo kweenyanga ezili-16 ngoJuni 10, ithatha uxanduva lohlaselo lwe-rocket ye-Qassam eyathi yaqaliswa ukusuka eGaza ukuya kwaSirayeli. NgoJuni 25, amajoni amabini akwa-Israel abulawa kwaye omnye, uGilad Shalit, waxhwilwa kulandela ukuhlaselwa ngokudibeneyo nguFatah, Islamic Jihad, kunye neHamas. Ukuphendula, iintsuku ezintathu kamva, umkhosi wase-Israel uqalise i-Operation Summer Rains, ukukhusela ukukhululwa kwejoni elithunjiweyo, ukubamba amagosa e-64 Hamas [4]. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abaphathiswa abasi-8 kwiKhabhinethi yasePalestina kunye namalungu afikelela kuma-20 eBhunga leMithetho yasePalestina. Ukubanjwa, kunye nezinye iziganeko, kuthintele ngokufanelekileyo indlu yowiso-mthetho elawulwa yi-Hamas ekusebenzeni ngexesha layo elininzi.

NgoFebruwari 2007 uthethathethwano oluxhaswe yiSaudi eMecca luvelise isivumelwano malunga nesayinwe nguMahmoud Abbas egameni likaFatah noKhaled Mashal egameni leHamas. Urhulumente omtsha wabizwa ukuba afezekise iinjongo zelizwe lasePalestina njengoko zivunyiwe yiBhunga leSizwe lasePalestina, amagatya oMthetho oyiSiseko kunye noXwebhu loXolelwaniso lweSizwe kunye nezigqibo zengqungquthela yama-Arabhu. NgoMatshi ka-2007, iBhunga loWiso-mthetho lasePalestine laseka urhulumente wobumbano lwesizwe, elinabameli abangama-83 bevotela icala kwaye abathathu bechasa. Abaphathiswa bakarhulumente bafungiswe ngu-Mahmoud Abbas, usihlalo weGunya lasePalestine, kumsitho ngaxeshanye eGaza naseRamallah. NgoJuni ngaloo nyaka, kwaphinda kwaqhambuka umlo phakathi kweHamas neFatah. Ekuhambeni kukaJuni 2007 iMfazwe yaseGaza, i-Hamas yasebenzisa ukutshatyalaliswa okupheleleyo kwemikhosi yasePalestine eGaza, ukugcina ulawulo lweGaza, ukukhupha amagosa eFatah. Umongameli uMahmoud Abbas emva koko wagxotha urhulumente wasePalestine okhokelwa yiHamas kwaye wavala umkhosi weHamas. Ubuncinci abantu abangama-600 basePalestina bafa kumlo phakathi kweHamas neFatah. I-Human Rights Watch, iqela elisekelwe e-US, lityhola omabini amacala kungquzulwano lwentuthumbo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe.[5]

I-Human Rights Watch iqikelela ukuba amakhulu aliqela abantu baseGaza "abakhubazekileyo" kwaye bathuthunjiswa emva kweMfazwe yaseGaza. Amadoda angama-73 aseGazan atyholwa “intsebenziswano”  ngenxa yokuba baphulwe iingalo nemilenze “abenzi bobubi abangaziwayo” kunye namaPalestine ali-18 atyholwa ngokusebenzisana noSirayeli, ababaleke kwikompon yentolongo yaseGaza emva kokuba u-Israel eqhushumbise indawo, babulawa ngamagosa okhuseleko e-Hamas kwiintsuku zokuqala zongquzulwano. Imikhosi yezokhuseleko ye-Hamas kuthiwa idubule kwaye yangcungcuthekisa abantu basePalestina ababechasa ulawulo lweHamas eGaza kwaye baxhasa ngokuphandle uhlaselo lukaSirayeli. Elinye ixhoba, elichacha kumanxeba amaninzi eembumbulu emlenzeni, lixelele iHuman Rights Watch ukuba linjalo “Bavuya kakhulu baqhushumba xa ndandityhafile iilekese. " Kwelinye ityala, ummi wasePalestina wagxeka uHamas kwincoko eyayisesitratweni nabanye abahlobo bakhe. Kamva ngaloo mini, ngaphezu kweshumi elinesibini lamadoda axhobileyo aneemaski ezimnyama nezibomvu Kaffiyeh bayithatha le ndoda kowabo, bayizisa kwindawo eyedwa apho bayidubula izihlandlo ezithathu emazantsi emilenzeni nasemaqatheni. Le ndoda yaxelela iHuman Rights Watch ukuba ayisebenzi kwezopolitiko. Imikhosi yokhuseleko yeHamas ihlasele amakhulu amagosa eFatah axhasa uSirayeli. IHuman Rights Watch yenza udliwano-ndlebe nomntu onjalo:

“Sasisibhozo apho sihleli. Sonke sasisuka eFatah. Emva koko kwangena amajoni amathathu azigqubuthele ubuso. Ayenxibe iimpahla zomkhosi ezifihlakeleyo ezimdaka; bonke babenemipu. Asikhomba ngemipu yawo aza asithuka aza aqalisa ukusibetha ngeentsimbi kuquka nenkwenkwana eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala awayibetha ebusweni. Bathi sinjalo “abaSebenzisi” kwaye “abangathembekanga”.Bandibetha ngeentsimbi nangeempundu zemipu kangangemizuzu eyi-15. Babekhwaza: “Uyavuya kuba uSirayeli esiqhushumbisa iibhombu!” bade baphuma abantu ezindlwini zabo, barhoxa.[6]

(Iza kuqhubeka)

1. I-Phillips Academy Model iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ka-2007: IKhabhinethi eManyeneyo, http://www.scribd.com/doc/21006446/THE-HAMS-FATAH-CONFLICT, (15 December 2010)