Ukudlala njani iTegucigalpa njengoMmeli kuthoba impembelelo yase-US.
IHonduras iya idume kakubi. Eli lizwe ngoku linelona zinga liphezulu lokubulawa kwabantu ehlabathini. Ngo-2011, abantu abaninzi babulawa ngomntu ngamnye kwiziko lemizi-mveliso laseSan Pedro Sula kunaseMexico eCiudad Juárez, apho imfazwe yeziyobisi iqhubeka kumda wase-US. Ikwaye yaba yenye yezona ndawo ziyingozi kakhulu ukuba yintatheli: Ubuncinci abangama-23 babulewe kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo. Yaye ngokutsho kweBhanki Yehlabathi, ama-60 ekhulwini abemi ahlwempuzekileyo, inani elo elingaphezu kweHaiti kuphela kwiNtshona yeIkhweyitha.
Akunzima ukubona imithombo yengxaki. Iqaqobana leentsapho ezizinzileyo eziphakamileyo zilawula urhulumente eTegucigalpa. Abazange bacoceke ngokupheleleyo kwasekuqaleni, kodwa ubhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini lukaJuni ka-2009, olwawisa uMongameli waseHonduran owayenyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi uManuel Zelaya, lwavula iingcango, kwaye urhulumente ngoku wonakele ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Inkqubo yokugweba yaphukile. Ngokutsho kukaMarvin Ponce, usekela mongameli weNkongolo yaseHonduran, ama-40 ekhulwini amapolisa elizwe abandakanyeka kulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo.
Xa uRoberto Micheletti wathatha isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli we-facto, wajamelana nokuchasana okukhulu. UMicheletti nowangena ezihlangwini zakhe bawubetha ngenqindi lentsimbi. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2010, kukho izikhalazo ezingaphezu kwe-10,000 zokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu yimikhosi yezokhuseleko yaseburhulumenteni, ngokutsho kweKomiti yeeNtsapho eziBanjiweyo kunye neDisappeared yaseHonduras, iqela eliphambili lamalungelo oluntu. Njengomphathi wamapolisa eSan Pedro Sula, uHector Ivan Mejía wongamela uqhankqalazo lwenkcaso ngoSeptemba 15, 2010, xa abezokhuselo baqhekeza baza basongela isikhululo sikanomathotholo esiphikisayo; namhlanje, usebenza njengesithethi sesizwe samapolisa aseHonduran.
Ngeendlela ezininzi, iWashington inoxanduva lolo jiko lubi. Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zobhukuqo-mbuso, iUnited States yenza izigqibo ezingezizo. Ulawulo luka-Obama lwaluzimisele ukubiza ukugxothwa kukaZelaya njengobhukuqo-mbuso, kodwa lwala ukuphinda lusebenzise igama elithi “ubhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini,” nto leyo eyayiza kubangela ngokusemthethweni ukunqunyulwa kwalo lonke uncedo lomkhosi namapolisa. Endaweni yoko, uMongameli waseMelika uBarack Obama kunye noNobhala kaRhulumente uHillary Clinton basemthethweni uMicheletti njengomdlali olinganayo kwiingxoxo. Abazange bayigxeke ingcinezelo eyalandelayo.
NgoNovemba ka-2009, unyulo lukamongameli lwaqhubeka phantsi kukaMicheletti. Uninzi lweqela eliphikisayo libagxothile kuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhankasa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye inkqubo yolonyulo yayilawulwa ngumkhosi omnye owawuqhube ubhukuqo. Abakhi-mkhanyo bamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka iCarter Centre kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo, bavumile baza bala ukubeka esweni ivoti. UPorfirio Lobo Sosa (owaziwa ngokuba nguPepe Lobo), ophuma kwiqela lesithethe elilawulayo, wafumana ama-56 ekhulwini evoti, kodwa inkoliso yamazwe akummandla womhlaba ayizange ivume ukuvuma ngokusemthethweni uloyiso lwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, iWashington yaluncoma unyulo yaza yahlabela mgama ibiza abalawuli bakaLobo “njengorhulumente woxolelwaniso lwesizwe.”
Kuye kwaba nantoni na kodwa. Wathi akungena ezikhundleni, uLobo waphinda wamisela abantu abaninzi ababephembelele ubhukuqo-mbuso. Kukho izizathu zokukholelwa ukuba uninzi lwamagosa aphezulu kulawulo lwakhe lubotshelelwe ngokusondeleyo kurhwebo lweziyobisi olungekho mthethweni. Umphathiswa wezoKhuseleko waseHonduran uMarlon Pascua uthethe "ngabagwebi be-narco" kunye "narco congressmen" abaqhuba ii-cartels. UAlfredo Landaverde, owayesakuba yingqungquthela kwanokomishinala wamapolisa, watyhola ishumi ekhulwini leNkongolo yaseHonduran kunye “namadoda amakhulu esizwe nakwezobupolitika” ayebandakanyeke ekurhwebeni kweziyobisi. Wagwintwa kuDisemba ophelileyo.
Nokuba kunjalo, iSebe leSizwe laseMelika liye lazinzisa ukuzinikela kwalo kuLobo, liqinisa urhulumente wakhe ngobukho obandisiweyo bomkhosi wase-US eHonduras kunye nokusayina isivumelwano esitsha sokhuseleko kwinyanga ephelileyo. Inkxaso-mali yomkhosi wase-US, emva kokuhla kwangoko emva kobhukuqo-mbuso, iye yonyuka minyaka le. IWashington iya kuthumela ngaphezulu kwe-50 yezigidi zeedola kuncedo lwasemkhosini eTegucigalpa kulo nyaka, uninzi lwayo njengenxalenye ye-200 yezigidi zeedola zoKhuseleko lweNgingqi yeMelika. IPentagon ichitha i-24 yezigidi zeerandi ngaphezulu ukwenza iindawo zayo zokuhlala e-Soto Cano Air Base ngokusisigxina. IWashington iyakuthethelela oku kunyuka egameni lokulwa imfazwe yeziyobisi, nangona iqala ukuvuma le ngxaki.
Le meko ibuyisa iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zezinye iinxaxheba zase-US kwiLatin America. IWashington inerekhodi elimnyama lokuxhasa ubhukuqo-mbuso lomkhosi ngokuchasene noorhulumente bedemokhrasi kwaye emva koko ikhuphe imali koorhulumente bengcinezelo. Ngowe-1964, iUnited States yaxhasa ubhukuqo-mbuso lomkhosi eBrazil; ngowe-1973, yaxhasa ubhukuqo-mbuso lomkhosi olwalukhokelwa nguAugusto Pinochet eChile; yaye ebudeni beminyaka yee-1980, yaphosa izigidi zeerandi kwiinkokeli zase-El Salvador. Bonke aba rhulumente baxhaswa yi-US balawula ngenkohlakalo enkulu. EHonduras namhlanje, izandla zaseUnited States sele zimdaka: Ukuhlaselwa kweziyobisi kwingingqi yaseMoskitia ngoMeyi 11, okwenziwa ngabathunywa be-US Drug Enforcement Administration kunye nemikhosi yezokhuseleko yaseHonduran, kushiye abantu abane befile, ababini kubo bebekhulelwe. abafazi.
Isebe likarhulumente lilandela umgaqo-nkqubo olahlekisayo ngezizathu ezinkulu zobuchule kulo mmandla: ukubuyisela umva ngokuchasene noorhulumente baseArgentina, eBolivia, eBrazil, e-Ecuador, e-El Salvador, nakwabanye, abaye bafudukela ekhohlo kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo. . Ngaphezu kwako konke, umgaqo-nkqubo waseWashington waseHonduras ngumyalezo wangabom oya kuMongameli waseVenezuela uHugo Chávez. Ukuvuma ubhukuqo-mbuso kwasebenza njengesoyikiso esingekho ngqiqweni kangangokuba abanye bangalandela. IParaguay iqinisekisa kuphela le ngongoma ngakumbi - ngoJuni, iSebe likaRhulumente lijonge ngenye indlela xa uMongameli waseParaguay uFernando Lugo wachithwa.
Kwinqanaba lemihla ngemihla, u-Obama noClinton baye babika umgaqo-nkqubo waseLatin America kumagosa asezantsi kwiSebe likaRhulumente. Imithombo icebisa ukuba abaqeshwa abakhathalele amalungelo oluntu bafakwe kwibhokisi ngababambeleyo kulawulo lukaGeorge W. Bush kunye namagosa ekhondo lomsebenzi weSebe leSizwe aqhuba lo mboniso. KwiNduli, ummeli u-Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-Fl.), exhaswe ngamahlakani akhe asebenzela ilungelo laseCuba-Amerika, walubhiyozela ngokuphandle ubhukuqo-mbuso. Ngokunjalo noMitt Romney, osandula ukugxeka u-Obama ngokungaxhasi.
Imikhosi kwiCongress, nangona kunjalo, ibuyela umva. Nge-2 ka-Okthobha, ummeli uHoward Berman (D-Calif.), ilungu leKomiti yeNdlu yeMicimbi yaNgaphandle, wabhala ileta eya kuClinton ebiza "ukusetwa kwakhona" komgaqo-nkqubo wase-US eHonduras. UJan Schakowsky (D-Ill.), James McGovern (D-Mass.), Sam Farr (D-Calif.), kunye noJared Polis (D-Col.) baye bakhokela iqela lamalungu amalunga ne-100 eNkongolo ebiza ngokukhawuleza. Ukunqunyanyiswa kwamapolisa ase-US kunye noncedo lomkhosi eHonduras. I-Senators uPatrick Leahy (D-Vt.), uBarbara Mikulski (D-Md.) kunye nabanye baye bacela umngeni kwi-White House malunga nokunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo oluntu ngamapolisa axhaswa yi-US kunye nomkhosi.
Nangona kunjalo uxinzelelo lweCongressional, ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti iSebe likaRhulumente libike ukuba iHonduras idibene neemeko zokuphucula amalungelo oluntu kunye nomthetho ofunekayo kwi-bill ye-2012. Enyanisweni, abalawuli babevakalisa ngokusemthethweni ukuba imeko yamalungelo abantu yaseHonduras yamkelekile. Nangona kunjalo iyathetha ukuba imali yayibanjiwe kumphathi omtsha wamapolisa welizwe laseHonduran de abenokuphandwa ngezityholo zokongamela amaqela abulawayo. I-ambassy yase-US e-Honduras yayinqabile ukuchaza okanye ukukhusela isikhundla sayo xa isenza njalo, nangona kunjalo, iphakamisa ukuba imali yanqunyanyiswa kuphela ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-congressional.
Kodwa esi sicwangciso sijongela phantsi indlela yeWashington kumahlakani ayo kulo lonke elaseLatin America. IBrazil, ikomkhulu lezoqoqosho kulo mmandla, yalugxeka ubhukuqo-mbuso njengesisongelo “kwimithetho yedemokhrasi” kwaye yavumela uZelaya ukuba asabele kumzi wozakuzo waseBrazil. Ngokuchasene ne-US, iBrazil kunye nezinye izizwe zavuma ukuvuma iHonduras kuMbutho waseMelika kuphela emva kwesivumelwano sikaMeyi 2011 esavumela uZelaya ukuba abuyele ngokukhuselekileyo elizweni.
Indlela elumkileyo ingatshintsha ngokupheleleyo: I-United States yayiza kude kulawulo lweLobo, ithethe ngokucacileyo malunga neentsilelo zayo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza yanciphisa uncedo lwamapolisa kunye nomkhosi eHonduras. Ngokufutshane oko, inokusebenzisa ukunqunyanyiswa okungaphelelanga njengesixhobo sokunyanzelisa uhlaziyo. Ikhomishini yamazwe ngamazwe, ekhokelwa ngamagunya engingqi azimeleyo kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo, iya kwenza uphando lwemikhosi yokhuseleko yaseHonduran kunye nenkundla. Umkhosi omkhulu wesizwe woonogada babucala, ngoku ukodlula amapolisa ali-14,000 ukuya kuthi ga kwisithathu ukuya komnye kwaye basebenze phantse ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kweliso likarhulumente, kufuneka baqiniswe. IHonduras, ngaphezu koko, ifuna ngamandla utshintsho olunentsingiselo kulimo, njengoko abalwela amalungelo omhlaba bayaqhubeka nokubulawa. "Izixeko eziyimodeli" ezisandula ukucetywa, eziza kuvumela abantu abangengabo abaseHondurans ukuba benze iinclaves apho kungasayi kusebenza umgaqo-siseko waseHonduran okanye inkqubo yayo yonke yezomthetho, kufuneka iyekwe ngokupheleleyo. I-US kufuneka ixhase ngamandla kwaye esidlangalaleni ezi zikhundla kunye nabo bazithethelelayo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuxhasa inkqubo yedemokhrasi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Unyulo oluphambili lubekwe ngoNovemba, ukulungiselela unyulo lukamongameli ngoNovemba 2013. I-United States kufuneka ilahle amandla ayo emva konyulo olukhululekile nolunobulungisa, isazi kakuhle ukuba kwinkqubo yonyulo olunyanisekileyo u-Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, owayengumfazi wokuqala kwaye ngoku. umgqatswa kamongameli waseLibre, iqela elitsha eliphikisayo, unokuphumelela ngomda omkhulu. Uvoto lwakutsha nje lubonisa uCastro engaphambili kakhulu kuvoto, kunye namaqela alawulayo emveli, kuquka neLobo, engezantsi kakhulu. IWashington, ehlala inentiyo kuManuel Zelaya kwaye igxeka unxibelelwano noorhulumente abanenkqubela phambili eLatin America, uvakalelwa ngendlela efanayo malunga nenkosikazi yakhe, ogqame lwakhe luvela ngenxa yokuchasa ubhukuqo-mbuso. Nangona kunjalo kufuneka iyeke ukuxhasa ngasese umgqatswa ongomnye ngaphezu kokuthanda kwayo.
Iintloko zamazwe aseLatin America naseCaribbean, zijongene nenkxaso ethe kratya yase-US kurhulumente osongela ucwangco lomgaqo-siseko kunye nolawulo lomthetho amazwe abo alulwela ixesha elide nanzima, basondelelana ngakumbi kwaye babhengeza ukuzimela kwabo eWashington. Isikhundla se-United States esine-anachronistic kwi-Cuba kwiNgqungquthela ka-Aprili yaseMelika e-Cartagena yenze izinto zaba mbi ngakumbi. Njengoko iWashington ikhetha ukonyuka amandla omkhosi ngaphezulu kobudlelwane obuphumelelayo bezoqoqosho, izinto ezithandwa yi-China isanda ukukhula, ibeka emngciphekweni ukwahlukanisa amahlakani ayo nangakumbi. EHonduras, iinkokeli zaseLatin America kunye neCaribbean zinomzekelo ocacileyo wento iUnited States inikela ngayo: ukubhalwa phantsi kwentlekele yamalungelo oluntu.
(Imicimbi yaNgaphandle)
