IMFAZWE YASEKOREYA NASETURKS
(ICANDELO-I, NGAPHAMBI KWEMFAZWE)
Ingxabano phakathi koMntla noMzantsi Korea ikhula mihla le. Sikholelwa ukuba kuya kuba ngcono ukunika, ulwazi oluthile lwemvelaphi malunga nale mfazwe idumileyo.
Imfazwe yaseKorea yenye yezona mfazwe zibanzi nezibalulekileyo ezenzekayo malunga neminyaka engama-60 engaqhelekanga emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Kwaqala ngentsasa ye-25th kaJuni 1950 ngohlaselo olumangalisayo olwaqaliswa nguMkhosi waseNorth Korea owawulungiselela ukuhlaselwa ixesha elide, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo okanye ukucaphukisa. Ngenxa yoko, iqhubekile isanda, kunye neMibutho yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, eyakhiwe okokuqala kwimbali equka malunga nezizwe ezingama-20 ezikhululekileyo kuquka iTurkey, ukulwa kwicala loMzantsi Korea kunye neMikhosi yamaKomanisi yamaShayina elwa kwicala laseNyakatho Korea de kube yi-27 kaJulayi 1953. ngalo mhla imfazwe yafikelela esiphelweni ngesivumelwano sethutyana
Ngenxa yeemeko zezopolitiko ezazikho ngelo xesha, iTurkey yayililizwe lokuqala elalandela i-US ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwikhwelo leZizwe eziManyeneyo linika amadoda angama-5000 anamandla kuMkhosi weZizwe eziManyeneyo. IBrigade; eyathi yaziwa ngokuba yi “The Turkish Brigade” yangena emfazweni ngasekupheleni kukaNov 1950, phantse ngaxeshanye njengoko imikhosi yamaKomanisi yaseTshayina yaqala ukulwa kwicala laseNorth Korea. I-Brigade yathatha inxaxheba kwidabi ezininzi ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo de kwasayinwa isivumelwano.
Siye salungiselela eli nqaku malunga nesikhumbuzo sesi siganeko sibi ukukhumbula amajoni alwa kwaye aphalaza igazi ngesizathu esingcwele, amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kumakhaya abo, kwaye sihlolisise ngokufutshane imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-Turkish Brigade, eyayidume ngokuba nayo. amaqhawe ngexesha lemfazwe. Sicinga ukuba kubo bonke abasebenzi basemkhosini kunye nabasebenzi basekuhlaleni, ukuba bavela kweliphi ilizwe, kukho iinzuzo ezinkulu ezinokufunyanwa ngokuqaphela kunye nokwaziswa malunga nemiba emihle kunye nembi yemisebenzi eyenziwa yiyunithi yomlinganiselo omncinci. Ngaloo ndlela, kuya kwenzeka ukuba ube nombono ongcono malunga neqondo lempembelelo iyunithi enokuthi ibe nayo, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani bayo, kwisiphumo sokulwa kunye nokungathanga ngqo, kwanesiphumo semfazwe ngokwayo.
IMVELAPHI YEMBALI:
AmaKorea anembali yeminyaka engama-4000 ubudala, angabantu ababotshelelwe kumhlaba ongachumiyo wePeninsula yaseKorea, kwaye ahlukile kumaTshayina, amaManchurians namaJapani. Baye badlula impucuko yaseTshayina yaMandulo ukuya eJapan, kwaye nangona bengabantu abanoxolo kakhulu, indawo abahlala kuyo yabangela ukuba ilizwe lisetyenziswe njengebhulorho yendalo kunye nendawo ye-buffer, engazange ivumele amaKorea ukuba afumane uxolo alufunayo. Imbali yaseKorea, efana neAnatolia, ekwayibhulorho yendalo phakathi kweAsia, iYurophu kunye neAfrika, igcwele uhlaselo lwangaphandle. I-Peninsula yaseKorea ithathwa njengentloko yebhulorho kwabo bafuna ukuwela ukuya e-Asiya kunye nelitye lokunyathela kwabo bafuna ukuwela kwiZiqithi zaseJapan. Ngenxa yezi zizathu naliphi na igunya elinjongo yayo ibe okanye iya kuba kukulawula iMpuma Ekude ngenxa yeminqweno yelizwe, kufuneka ihlale kwaye ifuna ukuba neKorea phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Ummandla waseKorea ube ngumthombo wongquzulwano lwezopolitiko, ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo kunye nokulwa, okokuqala phakathi kwabamelwane bakhe abasondeleyo iTshayina neJapan; kwaye kamva, phezu kweRashiya yaseTsarist ifumana unyawo kwiMpuma Ekude kwisiqingatha sesibini seNkulungwane ye-19, phakathi kweTshayina, iJapan neRashiya. Isizathu sokuqala songquzulwano sasingenakuba yiKorea kuphela; eyona njongo yolu qhushululu yayikukufikelela nakwimihlaba exhaphakileyo yaseManchuria.
I-China yayigcinile ukulawula iKorea ukususela kulawulo lwamaManchu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uBukhosi baseJapan kwasekuqaleni kwiminyaka yabo yokusekwa bazama ukungenelela kwezoqoqosho eManchuria. Ngenxa yoko, uBukhosi bamaJapan namaTshayina baqalisa ukulwa eKorea ngowe-1894. AmaJapan awoyisa iMikhosi yamaTshayina kufuphi nePyongyang nangeSivumelwano seShimoneski, esatyikitywa ngeshumi elinesixhenxe lika-Aprili 1895; Ubukhosi baseManchu balahla amalungelo abo phezu kweKorea kwaye bayishiya iTaiwan ukuya eJapan. Nangona iKorea yaba phantsi kolawulo lwaseJapan kamva, imigaqo-nkqubo yokwandisa iTsarist yaseRussia ukuya emantla yaphembelela ubudlelwane baseRussia-Japan. IRashiya yazama ukwenza uxolo eManchuria ngaphandle kokujonga uBukhosi baseJapan kwaye yahlutha iziseko kunye neenqaba kwaye yaqalisa ukusondela kuMlambo iYalu ukuze ifumane ulawulo kuMntla Korea. Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba; ingcamango yokwahlula iKorea kunye ne-38th Parallel phakathi kweJapan neRashiya yaqala ukuvela ngo-1896, ngexesha lezi ngxabano. Xa uMkhosi waseJapan kunye noMkhosi waseLwandle woyisa amaRashiya ngowe-1904 baba nolawulo kuwo wonke uMmandla.
AmaKorea ayengenako ukusebenzisa imigaqo kaWilson ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ekubeni iJapan ngoko yayikuluhlu lwe-Entente Powers. Ngaphandle koku, abalandeli belizwe baseKorea benza oorhulumente bethutyana ababini ngaphandle kommandla waseKorea. Enye yezi yayiphantsi kukaGqr. Syngman Ree, enye yenziwe nguKim Kao. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umcimbi waseKorea wasingathwa okokuqala kwiNkomfa yaseCairo ngowe-1943. Inxalenye yonxibelelwano lwenkomfa ephathelele eKorea yaza yatyikitywa nguChiang-Kai-Shek, uChurchill noRoosevelt ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: “Amazwe amathathu amakhulu, i-US, iBritani neTshayina, azi kakuhle ukuthinjwa kwabantu baseKorea, yagqiba kwelokuba iKorea iza kuyinikwa inkululeko ngexesha elifanelekileyo.” Ngelo xesha, iSoviet Russia yayingekathabathi nxaxheba kwimfazwe kwiMpuma Ekude kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni iKorea yayiza kuhlala kuphela ngamajoni ase-US ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kamva, xa kwaqondwa kwiNkomfa yaseYalta ngoFebruwari 1945 ukuba i-USSR iya kuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni kwiMpuma Ekude, abalawuli bavuma ukunikezela umsebenzi wokugxotha amaJapan eKorea ngokuhlangeneyo ukuya kumajoni aseSoviet nase-US. Njengoko kusaziwa, ngoMeyi 1945, iJapan yafumana ikhwelo elivela kuMazwe Amanyeneyo lokuba inikezele ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Xa iJapan ingazange ivume ukuthobela, iibhombu zeAtom zaphoswa okokuqala embalini eHiroshima naseNagasaki, ngomhla wesi-6 nowe-9 ka-Agasti 1945 ngokulandelelanayo. Ngeli xesha, i-USSR yabhengeza imfazwe nxamnye neJapan nge-8 ka-Agasti kwaye amaJapan athi aza kuzinikela e-US nge-10 ka-Agasti.
Amajoni aseSoviet aqala ukungena kuMntla Korea ngeManchuria nge-12 ka-Agasti. Ngelixa le mikhosi yayihamba ngokukhawuleza eKorea, imikhosi yase-US yayikude kakhulu. Imikhosi yaseSoviet kwafuneka imiswe kwenye indawo. Ngaloo ndlela i-38th Parallel yacetyiswa njengomda. Emva kokwamkelwa kwesi siphakamiso, ngequbuliso kwabakho iiKorea ezimbini. Ezi ziganeko, ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, zifana ngokusondeleyo neziganeko ezenzeka ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, ebudeni beenyanga ezifanayo kwiminyaka emithandathu ngaphambi koko xa iiSoviet Union zahlasela iMpuma Poland ngendlela efanayo naleyo zayithimba ngayo iKorea, ngoxa imikhosi yaseSoviet Union yahlasela iMpuma yePoland. amaJamani ayehlasela iNtshona Poland.
Uphuhliso olwenzeka phakathi kweSep 1945 kunye noJuni 1950 lungashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
A. Ngelixa i-US kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo zazizama ukulungisa le ngxabano ngokuseka uRhulumente wasemkhosini eMzantsi Korea ngeendlela zedemokhrasi kunye nokuthobela izigqibo ze-UN, iiSoviets zazingafuni nasiphi na isisombululo sokudibanisa iKorea phantsi kolawulo lwamakomanisi njengoko ayenzile. kujongwe kwasekuqaleni.
B. Nangona iKomiti, eyamiselwa ukuba isebenze kwisisombululo, yavunyelwa ukuba isebenze ngokukhululekileyo eMzantsi Korea, ayizange ivunyelwe ukuwela i-38th parallel. IKomiti yagqiba ekubeni ibambe ukhetho eMzantsi Korea ngomhla we-10 ngoMeyi 1948. Unyulo lwabanjwa kwaye "iRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea" yaqulunqwa emva kweentsuku ezintlanu emva kokuba umgaqo-siseko wamkelwa ngomhla we-12 kaJulayi. Umongameli wokuqala owanyulwayo wayengomnye wabalweli benkululeko bokuqala, uGqirha Syngman Ree.
C. Kwiinyanga ezintathu ezinesiqingatha emva konyulo kuMzantsi, kuMntla Korea, owawuphantsi kolawulo “lweBhunga laBantu” ukususela ngowe-1945, wenza unyulo ngomhla wama-25 ka-Agasti 1948 kumalungu ePalamente angama-572, ekucingelwa ukuba amele iKorea iphela. kwaza kwasekwa “iPeople’s Democratic Republic of Korea”. Ngaloo ndlela, ngowe-1949, kwasekwa oorhulumente ababini abahlukeneyo besithi bakuphela kommeli walo lonke elaseKorea.
D. Ngokungqinelana nesigqibo seZizwe eziManyeneyo, i-US kunye neSoviet occupation Forces zayishiya iKorea emva kokusekwa kwaba rhulumente.
UGqr. M. Galip Baysan
