Ikamva lolawulo lweTrump kwezopolitiko zase-US, inkqubo yenguqu yezopolitiko kulo mmandla kunye nokuqina kweyantlukwano yezopolitiko phakathi kwamazwe eGulf ingachazwa njengeyona miqobo ibalulekileyo yeprojekthi yoLawulo lukaTrump ye-Middle East Strategic Alliance.
Ukulandela ukonyulwa kwakhe kumongameli wase-US ngasekupheleni kuka-2016, uDonald Trump wavelisa izicwangciso ezimbini zezopolitiko ezibhekiselele kuMbindi Mpuma. Eyokuqala sisicwangciso esibizwa ngokuba “yisivumelwano senkulungwane,” esijolise ekusombululeni impixano yasePalestine-Israel. Nangona oku kungenziwanga esidlangalaleni, uTrump ebezama kancinci ukuphumeza esi sicwangciso. Eyesibini linyathelo loMbindi Mpuma weQhinga loBuchule elisandula ukulawula i-ajenda ye-US malunga nommandla.
Kulo mongo, uNobhala kaRhulumente wase-US uMike Pompeo ubambe intlanganiso ngoSeptemba 28, i-2018, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwamazwe amathandathu kwiBhunga le-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) kunye nabaphathiswa bangaphandle baseYiputa naseJordani. Emva kwentlanganiso, kwaxelwa ukuba ulawulo lwase-US luya kubonelela ngenkxaso epheleleyo ekusekweni kwe-Middle East Strategic Alliance equka amazwe e-GCC +2 ukuze kuliwe nemibutho exhobileyo kuMbindi Mpuma, ukuzisa uxolo eSiriya naseYemen, kunye ukumisa imisebenzi eyingozi yase-Iran. Ngeli xesha lilandelayo, amajelo eendaba ase-US achaza ukuba iTump iceba ukubamba iNgqungquthela yaseWashington kunye neenkokheli ze-GCC + 2 amazwe kwi-12-13 Oktobha. Noko ke, akuzange kwenzeke oku.
Isiganeko sikaJamal Khashoggi, esenzeka ngo-Oktobha 2, sinqume i-ajenda yezopolitiko zaseMiddle East. Ummi waseSaudi kunye nomlobi weWashington Post, uKhashoggi wanyamalala emva kokungena kwi-consulate yaseSaudi e-Istanbul. Esi siganeko sidale ukusabela kwehlabathi ngokuchasene norhulumente waseSaudi, ekukholelwa ukuba usemva kokwenzeka kuJamal. Ngaphezu koko, iphulo elinzima elichasene neSaudi Arabia laqala kwiindawo ezininzi e-US kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kolawulo lukaTrump kunye neRiyadh iye yagxekwa kakhulu. Olu phuhliso lwenze impembelelo embi kwinyathelo likaTrump le-Middle East Strategic Alliance, esele ineengxaki zolwakhiwo olwahlukileyo.
Eyokuqala kwezi ngxaki yingxaki phakathi kweQatar kunye nabanye abamelwane beGulf, oko kukuthi, iSaudi Arabia, iUnited Arab Emirates, kunye neBahrain. NgoJuni 2017, la mazwe aqala i-embargo yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho ngokumelene neQatar, eyandisa ngakumbi ingxaki phakathi kwamazwe akulo mmandla. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuwohloka ngokukhawuleza kwengxaki ngamanyathelo aqatha athatyathwe ngu-Mohammad bin Salman, iNkosana yaseSaudi Arabia kunye no-Mohammad bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, iNkosana yase-Abu Dhabi kunye noSekela-Mphathi oPhakamileyo we-UAE. Le migaqo-nkqubo yonyuse ukungathembani phakathi kwamalungu e-GCC, kwaye amazwe afana ne-Oman kunye ne-Kuwait ekuqaleni akhetha ukungangeni kweli phulo lokulwa ne-Qatar. Omabini la mazwe ade agxeka amalinge eSaudi kunye ne-Emirati ngokuchasene neQatar. Ke ngoko, kunokutshiwo ukuba ingxaki yeGulf engasonjululwanga ngowona mqobo wenyathelo lokuqala le-Washington's Middle East Strategic Alliance.
Okunye ukungavisisani phakathi kwamalungu e-GCC zizimo zengqondo ezahlukeneyo ezithathiweyo ngokubhekiselele kwi-Iran. Ngelixa iSaudi Arabia ibiyintshatsheli yokwenza iidemon i-Iran, amazwe afana neQatar kunye ne-Oman khange alandele imigaqo-nkqubo enobutshaba. Ngapha koko, i-Oman igcine ubudlelwane obuhle kunye ne-Iran iminyaka emininzi kwaye isayine izivumelwano ezininzi kunye nolawulo lweTehran, ngakumbi kwicandelo lamandla. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, u-Oman akazange agxeke ukubandakanyeka kwe-Iranian kwimfazwe yamakhaya e-Yemen kwaye esi simo sengqondo sikaMuscat siye sacaphukisa ngakumbi urhulumente waseRiyadh.
Enye ingxabano phakathi kwamalungu eBhunga leNtsebenziswano yeGulf ibisenzeka phakathi kweKuwait neSaudi Arabia. Ukungavisisani phakathi kwala mazwe kunyukile kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Eyokuqala kwezi ngxabano yimeko yentsimi yeoli yaseKhafji, apho la mazwe mabini asebenzisa ngokubambisana iminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenani lokungavisisani phakathi kwezi zibini, iSaudi Arabia yanqumamisa imveliso yayo yeoli, inyanzelisa iKuwait ukuba yenze okufanayo. Ukususela ngoko, iSaudi Arabia neKuwait ziye zasilela ukufikelela kwimvumelwano ngesisombululo sale ngxaki.
Ingxabano yesibini ijikeleze i-embargo eQatar. Imizamo yokulamla yaseKuwait ngexesha lokuvalwa kweDoha ayizange yamkelwe yiRiyadh okanye uAbu Dhabi. Kuyaphawulwa ukuba iRiyadh ngokukodwa ayiphumelelanga ukuthatha inyathelo lesisombululo sezi ngxaki. Ukusilela kweNkosana u-Mohammed bin Salman ukujongana nale miba, eyayicetywe ukuba ixoxwe ngexesha lokutyelela kwakhe ngo-Oktobha 1, i-2018, ibonisa ukuba ulawulo lwaseSaudi lulandele umgaqo-nkqubo ongaqinisekanga ngobudlelwane neKuwait.
Omnye umba othintela inyathelo likaTrump le-Middle East Strategic Alliance sisimo sengqondo sokungathandi saseYiphutha. Iimpawu zokuqala zokuthingaza kukaCairo ekujoyineni iinzame zeSaudi Arabia zokuchasa i-Iran zabonwa ngexesha leSiqhwithi esiQinisekisayo sokuSebenza eYemen. Umkhosi waseYiputa awuzange unikeze inkxaso epheleleyo kulo msebenzi, okukhokelela kwingxaki yesikhashana phakathi kweRiyadh neCairo. I-Egypt nayo ilandele indlela eyahlukileyo esuka eSaudi Arabia eSiriya. Ulawulo lukaSisi lwaba neentlanganiso ezininzi kunye no-Bashar Assad kwaye wazibandakanya kwintsebenziswano yezomkhosi nobuntlola kunye neDamasko. Ukongezelela, ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bukaSisi kunye neRashiya ngomnye umqondiso wokungafuni kwe-Egypt ukujoyina iphulo elikhokelwa yi-US njengoko iCairo inenjongo yokulandela umgaqo-nkqubo olungeleleneyo phakathi kweRashiya ne-US.
Omnye weyona miqobo ibalulekileyo ekusekeni umanyano lwama-Arabhu ngokuchasene neIran kukungonwabi okunokwenzeka kwabemi bamaShiite abahlala kula mazwe. AmaShiites ahlala eSaudi Arabia, eBahrain naseKuwait, aya kukwazi ukwahlula umanyano olunjalo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wase-US ukukhuthaza ukwahlukana kwamahlelo.
Ikamva leProjekthi yoManyano lweSicwangciso soMbindi Mpuma eyaqalwa nguMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump alicacanga kwaye liyathandabuza. Ikamva lolawulo lweTrump kwipolitiki yase-US, inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwezopolitiko kummandla kunye nokujula kwezahlulo zezopolitiko phakathi kwamazwe aseGulf kunokuchazwa njengeyona miqobo ibalulekileyo kule projekthi.
