Umbiko wakamuva weStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), owashicilelwa ngoMashi 10, uveza ukuthi imizamo yase-Europe yokwehlisa ukuncika kwayo emandleni okuvikela ase-US isalokhu ingumsebenzi oyinselele.
Umzabalazo WaseYurophu Wokuzimela Kwezokuvikela
Amazwe aseYurophu aya ngokuya ethatha izinyathelo ezingakaze zibonwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemali kwezokuvikela. Phakathi kwale mizamo kukhona umzamo wokwehlisa ukwethembela eWashington, okuyisinyathelo esithonywe ngokwengxenye yizinqubomgomo zalowo owayenguMongameli waseMelika uDonald Trump.
Ngokwalo mbiko, amazwe aseYurophu asathembele kakhulu ezikhalini ezakhiwe eMelika. Kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2024, ama-64% ezikhali ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe ngamalungu e-NATO ase-Europe aqhamuka e-US Lokhu kuphawula ukwenyuka kusuka ku-52% arekhodiwe phakathi kuka-2015 no-2019.
I-US Dominance Emakethe Yezikhali Zomhlaba
I-United States isalokhu ingumhlinzeki wezikhali ohamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele. Isabelo sayo sokuthunyelwa kwezikhali emhlabeni wonke sikhuphuke sisuka ku-35% ngowezi-2015-2019 saya ku-43% eminyakeni emine edlule. Ngokuphawulekayo, ngokokuqala ngqa emashumini amabili eminyaka, iYurophu (35%) idlule eMpumalanga Ephakathi (33%) njengomamukeli omkhulu wezikhali zase-US.
Ukwesaba Ukushintsha Kwenqubomgomo Yase-US
Ukumisa kukaTrump usizo lwezempi e-Ukraine ngemuva kwengxabano noMengameli uVolodymyr Zelensky kudale ukukhathazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ukwesaba ukuthi iWashington ingathatha izinyathelo ezifanayo ngokumelene nabalingani baseYurophu kuye kwabhebhethekisa izingxoxo zokunciphisa ukuncika ekusekelweni kwezokuvikela zaseMelika. Nokho, njengoba okutholwe yi-SIPRI kusikisela, ukufeza lo mgomo kusekude maduze.
I-US Inamandla Ngaphezu Kwezokuvikela ZaseYurophu
I-US ijabulela ukuphakama kwezobuchwepheshe nezokusebenza kwezokuvikela, ikunikeza amandla amakhulu ezempi yaseYurophu. Amasistimu ezikhali amaningana angukhiye abonisa lokhu kuncika:
- F-16 fighter jets ayikwazi ukudluliselwa emazweni ezinkampani zangaphandle ngaphandle kwemvume yase-US.
- Izinhlelo ze-Patriot missile defense zidinga ukwesekwa kwemicibisholo yase-US ukuze isebenze kahle.
- Amasistimu we-missile we-HIMARS thembela kuzixhumanisi ze-GPS ezilawulwa yi-US
- F-35 fighter jets ingasekelwa ngokobuchwepheshe yi-US uma kunesidingo.
Ngokomlando, amazwe aseYurophu asebenze ngaphakathi kohlaka lwemifelandawonye nemigomo yamasu. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva iphakamisa ukuphuthuma okwandayo kokuhlukahluka nokuqinisa umkhakha wezokuvikela waseYurophu.
Ingabe IYurophu Izoqhubeka Nokuthenga Izikhali ZaseMelika?
Naphezu kwezingcingo ezikhulayo zokuzimela kokuzivikela, abahlaziyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iYurophu izohlala ingumthengi obalulekile wezikhali zaseMelika. U-Pieter Wezeman, Umcwaningi Omkhulu Ohlelweni Lokudluliswa Kwezikhali lwe-SIPRI, uphawula ukuthi ngenkathi iYurophu yenza imizamo yokuqinisa imboni yayo yezikhali, izibopho ezijulile zokuvikela i-Atlantic ziyaqhubeka. Izizwe ze-NATO eYurophu zi-ode cishe izindiza zokulwa ezenziwe e-US ezingaba ngu-500, phakathi kwezinye izikhali.
I-France ne-Italy Ziyanda Ngokuthunyelwa Kwezikhali
Idatha ye-SIPRI igqamisa i-France njengomhwebi ohamba phambili wezikhali ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. Idlula iRussia, iFrance manje ikleliswe endaweni yesibili emhlabeni jikelele ngemuva kwe-US Phakathi kuka-2020 no-2024, ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali zaseFrance kwamanye amazwe ase-Europe kukhuphuke ngo-187%, okuqhutshwa kakhulu ukuthengiswa eGreece, eCroatia, nase-Ukraine. I-India ne-Qatar kusalokhu kungabathengi abaphambili baseFrance.
I-Italy iphinde yaqopha ukwanda okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwezikhali emazweni angaphandle, ikhuphuka isuka endaweni ye-10 yaya kweyesi-6 emhlabeni jikelele, ngokwanda kokuthengiswa kwe-138%. IPoland, omunye umthengisi wezikhali osafufusa, yabona ukwanda okumangazayo okungama-4031% ekuhwebeni kwayo ngezikhali.
Abathengisi Bezikhali Abahamba Phambili e-Europe
I-United Kingdom ihamba phambili ohlwini lwabathengi bezikhali e-Europe, ilandelwa yiPoland, ebhalise ukukhuphuka ngo-508% kwezikhali ezithengwayo. I-Netherlands ikleliswe endaweni yesithathu, kuyilapho i-Italy ibona ukwehla okukhulu kakhulu, ngokunciphisa ngo-27% kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokungamangalisi, umthengisi wezikhali ophakeme kakhulu eYurophu eminyakeni emine edlule kube yi-Ukraine, ukungenisa kwayo kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngama-9627% angakaze abonwe ngenxa yempi eqhubekayo neRussia.
I-Turkey Rising Arms Exports
I-Turkey isibe ngumdlali obalulekile emakethe yezikhali yomhlaba wonke, njengoba kubonakala kokutholwe yi-SIPRI. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2019, isabelo saseTurkey ekuthunyelweni kwezikhali emhlabeni wonke sasingu-0.8%. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kuka-2020 no-2024, lesi sibalo siphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili safinyelela ku-1.7%, okuphawula ukwenyuka ngo-103%. ITurkey manje ikleliswe endaweni ye-11 phakathi kwabahwebi abaphuma phambili bezikhali abangama-25 emhlabeni.
Abangenisi abaphezulu be Izingalo zaseTurkey ngalesi sikhathi kwakuyi-United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, kanye neQatar. Khonamanjalo, ukuthengwa kwezikhali eTurkey kwehle ngo-33%, kwehlisa isabelo sayo sokuthengwa kwezikhali emhlabeni wonke saba ku-1.1%.
Ukwandiswa Kwamasu KwaseTurkey e-Afrika
Ukuxhumana kweTurkey e-Afrika nakho kubonakala ekuhwebeni kwayo ngezikhali. Njengoba ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha kuye kwanda, amazwe aseNtshonalanga Afrika aphinde aphinda kabili ukuthengwa kwezikhali emazweni uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sika-2015-2019. ITurkey manje isiphakathi kwabahlinzeki abathathu abaphezulu esifundeni, eceleni kweChina (26%) neFrance (14%), kanti iTurkey neRussia ngayinye inesabelo esingu-11%.
Ukwehla kweRussia ekuthengisweni kwezikhali
Ukuthengwa kwezikhali eRussia kubhekane nokwehla okukhulu, kwehle ngo-62% ngokusho kwe-SIPRI. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kungenxa yempi yase-Ukraine, eye yandisa isidingo sasekhaya saseRussia sempahla yezempi, kanye nezijeziso zaseNtshonalanga ezivimbela ukuhwebelana kwayo ngezikhali. I-Russia isalokhu ingumphakeli obalulekile eNdiya (38%), China (17%), naseKazakhstan (11%), kodwa umthelela wayo uyancipha emakethe yomhlaba.
Ikusasa Lokuvikela KwaseYurophu
Njengoba ukungezwani kwezwe kuqhubekela phambili, iYurophu ibhekene nesinqumo esibucayi: qhubeka nokuthembela ekwesekeni kwezempi yase-US noma usheshise imizamo yokuzivikela ekuzivikeleni. Nakuba izibopho zokuvikela i-transatlantic zihlala ziqinile, ukucindezela kokuzimela kokuvikela kwe-Europe kuya ngokushuba. Iminyaka ezayo izodalula ukuthi iYurophu ingagqashula ekubusweni yi-US noma ihlale ingumdlali obalulekile kunethiwekhi yokuvikela yamasu eWashington.
