Umongameli wenkampani enkulu yamandla ezimele enyakatho ye-Iraq esifundeni saseKurdish uthi amathemba emithombo yemvelo yithuba elingcono kakhulu lezomnotho esifundeni kusukela ezikhathini zoMbuso Wase-Ottoman, ephika ukuthi ukungezwani kwezombusazwe kuzothinta imizamo yokuhlola.
UMengameli uGenel Enerji uMehmet Sepil ucabanga ukuthi amathuba asenyakatho ye-Iraq yiwona angcono kakhulu abenawo kusukela ezikhathini ze-Ottoman futhi akakholelwa ukuthi ukungezwani kwezombusazwe kwakamuva phakathi kwe-Baghdad, i-Arbil ne-Ankara kuzothinta imizamo yokuhlola nokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi esifundeni.
“Uwoyela uzoyithola indlela,” kusho uSepil. “Lapho umhlaba ulambele kakhulu amandla futhi lapho amanani ezinsiza zamandla ephezulu kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba uwoyela ungambiwa ngenxa yezizathu zezombangazwe. Kuyindaba yesikhathi nje ... Umhlaba awunakho ukunethezeka kokushiya uwoyela negesi ngaphansi komhlaba.”
Ushintshe nini ukugxila kwakho ezindabeni zamandla esifundeni?
Iminyaka eminingi ngisebenza emkhakheni wokwakha wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngafika esifundeni samaKurd njengonjiniyela wokwakha. Ngimenywe u-Celal Talabani [umongameli wamanje wase-Iraq] kanye no-Berham Salih [owayenguHulumeni Wesifunda Sase-Kurdistan - KRG - undunankulu]. Senza imisebenzi eminingi yokwakha e-Suleymaniah futhi njengoba zazingeziningi izinkampani ezinkulu zokwakha ezaziza kulesi sifunda, [abaholi bamaKurd] bawazisa kakhulu umsebenzi wethu. Ngolunye usuku ngo-2002, uTalabani wathi, “Mehmet, kungani ungasunguli iqembu elikhulu futhi ungene ebhizinisini likawoyela. Ukhulume ngendawo kawoyela yeTaq Taq. Ekuqaleni ngangizincokolela ngithi ukuphela kwesikhathi engake ngabona amafutha edepho yemoto yami. Ukunqamula indaba ende, ngahlanganyela izandla noMehmet Emin Karamehmet, engangivele ngisebenzisana naye kwamanye amabhizinisi, futhi ngasungula u-Genel Enerji. Ukuhlola nokukhiqiza ngeshwa indawo imboni ezimele yaseTurkey engazange yande kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-TPAO enkulu yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kungekho amafutha amaningi eTurkey umkhakha awuzange ubone ukuvela kwezinkampani ezinkulu.
Ngaleso sikhathi isifunda sasingazinzile kakhulu; ngokuqinisekile ukwesekwa kukaTalabani kwakungesona ukuphela kwesici sokuthi ubeke leyo ngozi.
Lapho sisebenza endaweni kawoyela iTaq Taq, sasibona abantu baseMelika beqhumisa iKirkuk ngamabhomu. Kodwa okuwukuphela kwengozi akuyona ezombusazwe - kukhona futhi ingozi yokungatholi uwoyela. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukunciphisa ubungozi. Izingozi zezombangazwe zaziphezulu, kodwa amathuba okuthola uwoyela ayemaningi kakhulu.
Kungani sibiza le ndawo ngomngcele wokugcina wokuhlolwa kukawoyela ogwini? Izinga lokushaywa [amathuba okuthola uwoyela] lingamaphesenti angu-20 ngokwesilinganiso emhlabeni. Lapha kungase kube amaphesenti angu-70. Yebo, mhlawumbe izingozi zezombangazwe ziphakeme, kodwa kunjalo namathuba okuthola uwoyela.
Kepha uyifemu yaseTurkey futhi ubunzima ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwe-Ankara namaKurds ase-Iraqi kumele kube yinto eyingozi eyengeziwe.
Ngokusobala asizange sifune imvume kuhulumeni. Kodwa kuthe uma sitshela zonke iziphathimandla ezifanele ukuthi siyaya futhi asizange sithole ukusabela okungekuhle.
Awucabangi ukuthi uyayizwa imiphumela yezingozi kakhulu namuhla, ngenxa yokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kukahulumeni omkhulu e-Baghdad kanye noHulumeni Wesifunda WaseKurdistan?
Ingozi yezombangazwe yayihlale ikhona, kodwa ishintshile ngokwemvelo. Ngonyaka odlule imali yami engenayo ibiphezulu kakhulu kunemali engiyichithe esifundeni. Uma wonke umuntu enokukhathazeka mayelana nezingozi, pho i-Exxon noma i-Chevron yenzani lapha? Banokufundwa okufanayo kwesifunda.
Futhi yikuphi lokho okufundayo okwamanje?
Amafutha azothola indlela yawo. Ngisho noma sihlukanisa i-Kurdistan futhi singafaki izindawo ezinengxabano njenge-Kirkuk, amandla kawoyela negesi lapha azokubeka kwabayi-10 abaphezulu emhlabeni. Lapho umhlaba ulambele kakhulu amandla futhi lapho amanani entengo yemithombo yamandla ephezulu kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba uwoyela ungambiwa ngenxa yezizathu zezombangazwe. Yindaba yesikhathi kuphela. Kufanele ubekezele ngokwanele futhi ube nemali eyanele. Izwe alinakho ukunethezeka kokushiya uwoyela negesi ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ngakho-ke uthi ingxabano phakathi kwe-Baghdad ne-Arbil ngeke ivimbele uwoyela negesi yamaKurd ukuthi ifinyelele ezimakethe?
Njengoba amandla aphezulu kangaka, ezomnotho zizodlula ezombangazwe.
Kodwa khona kanye lapho amandla omnotho esephezulu kakhulu, ezombangazwe zingase ziphazamise. Sikhuluma ngokwabelana ngekhekhe elikhulu kakhulu. Awuboni ukuthi kungaba khona ukungqubuzana okushisayo phakathi kwe-Arbil ne-Baghdad?
Mina ngokwami angiyiboni ingcuphe yodweshu olushisayo ngoba kuningi okungalahleka kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Bheka, siyinkampani ethenga amasimu amaningi, futhi yithina esikhiqiza kakhulu. Sizokwenza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuze sikhule lapha. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule senze ukuthenga okusha okubiza ibhiliyoni elingu-$1. U-Genel Enerji unwebela e-Afrika, kodwa i-Kurdistan iyisitimela sethu. I-BP iqale emngceleni we-Iran-Kurdish. Izindawo ezinekhono elikhulu kangaka kuphela ezidala izinkampani zikawoyela ezingathi sína. Sithole indondo evela kwa-KRG, ebizwa ngokuthi “encane futhi enhle.” Empeleni siyinkampani ebiza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine futhi sikleliswe kwabaphezulu abangama-4 eTurkey. Kodwa lezi yizilinganiso lapha.
Kuthiwani ngezinhlelo zakho zegesi?
Sithi singaletha igesi emngceleni waseTurkey ekupheleni kuka-2015. Umgomo wethu wokuqala ama-bcm amabhiliyoni ama-cubic metres].
Futhi uthi ungakha ipayipi.
Ukwakha amapayipi akuwona umsebenzi wethu. Esikushoyo ukuthi uma abanye bengeke bazixazulule izinkinga zengqalasizinda, kungaba uwoyela noma igesi, sikulungele ukukwenza. Kodwa asigcizeleli ukuthi kufanele kube yithi esikwenzayo.
Yini oyilindele eTurkey?
Hhayi-ke, silindele ukuthi iTurkey ithenge igesi uma idinga kakhulu igesi. Izoba ishibhile impela. Iyiphi engcono, ukuthola igesi ezindaweni ezikude noma kwamakhelwane? Ungahlala uthola uwoyela kodwa igesi [yesiKurdish] inenzuzo yamasu eTurkey.
Kodwa isakhamuzi saseTurkey esijwayelekile singasola uhulumeni ngokugqugquzela ukuhlakazeka kwe-Iraq ngokuvumela i-KRG ukuthi ikhiphe izinsiza zayo zemvelo ngokuqondile.
Asikho isithiyo kuMthethosisekelo wase-Iraqi esingavimba lokhu. Akukho kuMthethosisekelo othi inkampani kahulumeni, iSomo, kufanele ibe yi-monopoly. Umthethosisekelo uthi noma ithengiswa kusuka eBaghdad noma enyakatho, imali engenayo ingeyesizwe sonke sase-Iraq. Ngamanye amazwi, imali evela ekuthengisweni okwenziwe ngasenyakatho kuphela ingena emaphaketheni asenyakatho iphambene noMthethosisekelo. Kodwa lokhu ngeke kwenziwe. Ngakho-ke kungaba nesixazululo esisebenzayo ekwabelaneni ngezimali. Uma ukuthengisa okuvela enyakatho kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke i-Iraq, ngeke kube khona okuphambana nomthethosisekelo.
Ngakho-ke okushoyo ukuthi ukuthenga igesi namafutha ngqo kwa-KRG ngeke kuholele ekuhlakazweni kwe-Iraq.
Engikushoyo wukuthi ukushaya lezi zivumelwano kudinga izinqumo zezepolitiki. Kodwa izinga lomnotho likhulu kakhulu, ngokwenzuzo yezomnotho kanye nokuvikeleka kwamandla. Ngikholwa ukuthi iTurkey izosithatha leso sinqumo.
Uma ubungaluleka uhulumeni waseTurkey, ungaba yini umhlahlandlela owuphakamisayo?
Ngizosebenza izinsuku nezinsuku mayelana nokuthi ngingasebenzisa kanjani izinsiza zamandla enyakatho ye-Iraq ukuze kuzuze iTurkey. Ithuba elinjengaleli alizange lifike eTurkey kusukela ezikhathini ze-Ottoman. Asinazo izinsiza zamandla, kodwa siwumnotho okhula ngokushesha futhi okushodayo okukhulu kuvela emandleni. Ngicabanga ukuthi iTurkey nayo iyawazi amandla. Sesike sabona izikhathi esikhathini esidlule lapho abanye babengakholwa nokuthi kukhona uwoyela lapha.
Futhi kubonakala sengathi i-KRG isikulungele ukusebenzisana neTurkey.
Uyadlala? Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho iTurkey iqala umsebenzi enyakatho ye-Iraq, ngalo lolo suku ngasayina isivumelwano noNechirvan Barzani.
Kubonakala sengathi kukhona nendawo yebhizinisi elungele ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi ephumelelayo.
Inzuzo enkulu abanayo imali yabantu. Futhi kukhona okusha okwakhiwa lapha. Kulula ukwakha into entsha, futhi kukhona namandla amahle okwakha into entsha. Uma kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu ukuletha imishini ethile, kuthatha izinsuku ezintathu lapha. Lena incazelo ye-investment friendly. Kungani? Ngoba balambele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.
Ungathi yimuphi umehluko ogqama kakhulu phakathi kuka-2002 no-2012?
Isiko. Kulungile, amahhotela nakho konke kwakhiwa, kodwa bheka ukuthi i-Arbil iba luhlaza kanjani. Ukwenza indawo yakho ibe luhlaza kuyindaba yesiko; nalelo siko liyakhula ngokushesha.
Kukhona, ngesikhathi esifanayo, uguquko lwamasiko lapha. Uyazi ukuthi ungakha amabhilidi, lokho kumayelana nemali. Kodwa ukufunda ukwenza indawo yakho ibe luhlaza - ukuthola izinkampani ezifanele ezizokwenza ukukhetha izihlahla ezifanele nokunye - kukhona noshintsho olusheshayo lwengqondo.
Ubani uMehmet Sepil?
UMehmet Sepil uneziqu zeCivil Engineering kanye ne-MSc ku-Coastal and Harbour Engineering ayithola e-Middle East Technical University.
Ngo-2002, i-Sepil yasungula i-Genel Enerji, eyayiphakathi kwezinkampani zokuqala ezanikezwa inkontileka yokwabelana ngokukhiqiza nguHulumeni Wesifunda saseKurdistan (KRG). Cishe ngesipiliyoni seminyaka eyishumi esifundeni saseKurdistan - isikhathi eside kunanoma iyiphi enye inkampani yokuhlola nokukhiqiza - u-Genel Enerji wakhe iphothifoliyo ebanzi yokuhlola kanye nempahla yokukhiqiza ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene enyakatho ye-Iraq.
U-Sepil waba nguMongameli we-Genel Energy plc ngoNovemba 2011, kulandela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Vallares plc kanye ne-Genel Energy International.
