Umnyuziyamu wokuqala wasungulwa ngo-1967 e-Nevşehir. Ngesisekelo semnyuziyamu, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo ezingamanxiwa ezazinganakwa ngaphambili, ukubuyiselwa nokugcinwa kwamasonto nokuhlanza nokukhanyisa amadolobha angaphansi komhlaba kwathathwa ohlelweni.
Umbono wokusungulwa komnyuziyamu wabekwa phambili nguHamit Özalp, owayengumqondisi weCentral Library ngaleso sikhathi. U-Özalp wagcina ama-opus omlando awaqoqa ezindaweni ezizungezile ngo-1963 - 1964 ekamelweni lomtapo wolwazi. Imizamo ka-Özalp yafinyelela umphumela futhi i-General Directorate of Opuses Yasendulo Nezimnyuziyamu yanquma ukuvula imnyuziyamu e-Nevşehir ngo-1966. Ikhishi lesobho nesikole, okwakuyingxenye ye-Damat İbrahim Paşa komplex, kwabuyiselwa ukuze kusetshenziswe imnyuziyamu. Imibukiso nemisebenzi yokuhlela yaqedwa ekupheleni kuka-1966 futhi imnyuziyamu isivulelwe ukuvakashelwa njengeDamat İbrahim Paşa Archaeology and Ethnography Museum. Ngo-1987, ihanjiswe endaweni yayo yamanje ku-Culture Site. Kunamahholo ombukiso amabili emnyuziyamu ombukiso wemivubukulo kanye ne-ethnographic.
Ngokuhambisana nokubalwa kwe-opus ka-1997 kuMnyuziyamu waseNevşehir, kunengqikithi yama-opuses ayi-13160 emnyuziyamu: 2854 archaeological, 3210 ethnographic, 6914 zemali, 2 amaphilisi, 93 izimpawu nezitembu zophawu, 87 izincwadi ezibhalwe ngesandla.
Kunezakhiwo ezibhalisiwe ezingama-358 emingceleni YesiFundazwe sase-Nevşehir, ezi-2 zazo okuyizakhiwo zamasosha, ezingama-69 ziyizakhiwo zezenkolo nezamasiko kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi ezingama-287. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindawo zezindawo ezingama-48, ezingama-33 kuzo ezemivubukulo, ezi-3 zazo ngezasemadolobheni, ezi-4 zazo ezingokomlando neziyisi-8 zazo ezemvelo.
IZINDAWO EZINDABA EZIxhumene NEVŞEHİR MUSEUM
Göreme Open - Air Museum
Kuyindawo yokuhlala edwaleni etholakala ku-2 km empumalanga yeDolobha laseGöreme ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-13 ukuya eNevşehir. Impilo yezindela ibiphila eGöreme kusukela ngekhulu lesi-4 AD kuze kube yikhulu le-13. Kukhona amasonto, ama-chapel, amahholo okudlela nezindawo zokuhlala cishe kuwo wonke ama-rock block.
IGöreme Open Air Museum yanamuhla iyindawo lapho lolu hlelo lwemfundo lwaqalwa khona. I-Soğanlı, i-Ihlara, i-Açıksaray yizindawo lapho uhlelo lwemfundo olufanayo lubonakala kamuva. Amasonto apendwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamasu. Owokuqala umdwebo owenziwe ngokushelela ngokuqondile ubuso bedwala, kanti owesibili umdwebo owenziwe edwaleni usebenzisa amasu e-secco (tempera) kanye ne-fresco. Izindikimba ezisebandleni zithathwe eBhayibhelini kanye nempilo kaKristu. E-Göreme Open – Air Museum, Izigodlo Zabesifazane Nabesilisa, iSonto Lase-St. Basil, i-Elmalı Church, i-St. Barbara Church, i-Yılanlı Church, i-Karanlık Church, i-Çarıklı Church kanye ne-Tokalı Church zikhona.
Izigodlo zabaPristi nabaPristi
Idwala elihlanganisa izitezi eziyisi-6 - 7 ezitholakala kwesokunxele somnyango wemnyuziyamu laziwa ngokuthi "I-Monastery of Priesteses". Ihholo lokudlela lesigodlo sezindela, ikhishi, amakamelo ambalwa esitezi sokuqala, i-chapel ebhidliziwe esitezi sesibili ingavakashelwa. Isonto layo elisesitezi sesi-3 (elifinyelelwa emhubheni) linedome eliphambanayo, amakholomu amane nama-absissas amathathu. Ithempeli ku-apsis eyinhloko alihlangatshezwana namanye amasonto e-Göreme. Kukhona imihlobiso ebomvu eceleni kwe-Christ fresco eyenziwe ngqo edwaleni. “Amatshe omshudo” asetshenziselwa ukuvala imigudu uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi njengoba kwakwenziwa emadolobheni angaphansi komhlaba. E-Monastery of Priests kwesokudla, amaphaseji phakathi kwaphansi avaliwe ngenxa yokuguguleka, ngakho-ke kungabonakala amakamelo ambalwa kuphela endaweni yokungena.
I-St. Basil Chapel
Kungasemnyango weGöreme Open - Air Museum. Kunemigodi yamathuna ku-nartex ehlukaniswa ngamakholomu. I-nave ine-longitudinal cradle vault, ipulani elingunxande kanye nama-absissae amathathu. Kunama-absissae amathathu ebusweni obude obungakwesokunxele be-nave engunxande. Enye ye-abscissae inkulu kanti enye emibili mincane. Isonto lakhiwe ngekhulu le-11.
Izigcawu: Ku-abscissa eyinhloko: umfanekiso kaKristu, ebusweni bangaphambili: UMariya nomntwana uKristu;odongeni olusenyakatho: uSt. Theodore ehhashini; odongeni oluseningizimu: USt. George elwa nodrako ehhashini, futhi uSt. Demetrius kanye nabangcwele abangu-2 bapendiwe.
I-Elmali Church
Inezindlu eziyisishiyagalolunye, amakholomu amane, uhlelo oluvaliwe lwesiphambano samaGreki kanye nama-absissae amathathu. Umnyango wayo oyinhloko usuka ohlangothini oluseningizimu, futhi umnyango ungenziwa ngomhubhe ovulwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho.
Imihlobiso yokuqala yeSonto Lakwa-Elmalı, njengasendabeni ye-St. Basil kanye ne-St. Barbara Churches, i-cross and geometric motifs ependwe ngqo odongeni ngopende obomvu. Isonto lakhiwe maphakathi nekhulu le-11 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12.
Izigcawu: iDeesis, ukuzalwa, ukukhulekelwa kwezazi zezinkanyezi ezintathu, ubhapathizo, ukuvuka kukaLazaru, ukuguqulwa, ukungena eJerusalema, isidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina, ukukhashelwa, uKristu endleleni yaseGolgota, uKristu esiphambanweni, ukungcwatshwa. kaKristu, uKristu wehlela esihogweni, abesifazane ngasethuneni elingenalutho, uKristu eya esibhakabhakeni nabangcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuboniswa umoya wokungenisa izihambi woMprofethi u-Abrahama kanye nezinsizwa ezintathu ezingamaJuda ezishiswa kuhhavini ezithathwe eTorah.
I-St. Barbara Chapel
Ingemuva kwe-rock block lapho i-Elmalı Kilise itholakala khona. Ihlelwe ngokwehlukana futhi inezinsika ezimbili. Izingalo eziphambanayo ezisentshonalanga, ezisenyakatho neziseningizimu zine-cradle vaulted, isikhungo sawo sigcwele, ingalo yesiphambano esempumalanga namakhona amabili asempumalanga abuswayo. Ine-absissae eyodwa eyinhloko, ezimbili ezengeziwe.
Ama-motif adwetshwa ngqo edwaleni ngopende obomvu. Kukhona i-motifs yejometri ecebile, izilwane zezinganekwane nezimpawu zempi ezindongeni nasedome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ama-motif odongeni abonakala njengetshe. Isonto lakhiwe engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-11.
The Scenes: On the main abscissa: Chris pantocrator; engalweni yesiphambano esisenyakatho: uSt. George elwa nodrako ehhashini noSt. Theodore; engalweni yesiphambano esentshonalanga: Isithombe sika-St. Barbara.
I-Yılanlı (St. Onuphrius) Church
Umnyango wayo uvela enyakatho. Indawo eyinhloko inohlelo lonxande longitudinal. Ine-cradle vaulted futhi indawo eyengeziwe eningizimu inosilingi oyisicaba. I-abscissa yayo iqoshwe odongeni olude lwesobunxele futhi isonto lashiywa ngaphambi kokuqedwa.
Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zendlu yesonto, kutholakala izithombe zabangcwele abahlonishwayo baseKhaphadosiya. Isonto lakhiwe ngekhulu le-11.
Izigcawu: Ngaphesheya nje komnyango, uKristu ebambe iBhayibheli ngesandla sobunxele; empumalanga yegumbi elingaphansi: uSt. Onesimus, uSt. George elwa nodrako, uSt. Theodore, u-Helena ephethe isiphambano sangempela kanye nendodana yakhe uKonstantin; entshonalanga yegumbi elingaphansi: enqunu uSt. Onuphrius onezinwele ezinde nesundu phambi kwakhe, eduze kwakhe uSt. Thomas osesimweni sesibusiso kanye noSt. Basil ephethe incwadi esandleni sakhe.
Ekhulwini lokuqala AD, abantu ababizwa ngokuthi "amaHermits", abazinikele enkolweni futhi bahoxa ukuba bodwa, babehlala ezingwadule zaseGibhithe. U-Hermist wokugcina u-St. Paphnutius, waya ezingwadule zaseGibhithe ukuze afunde impilo nendlela yokuphila ye-hermist ngekhulu lesi-1 AD futhi wahlangana no-St. Onuphrius owanikeza igama lakhe esontweni. U-St. Paphnutius wayekhona lapho u-St. Onuphrius efa. Ngoba, uSt. Onuphrius wayeyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sobuhle nokunqoba izifiso zenyama. Ezithombeni, u-St. Onuphrius unqunu, unezinwele ezinde nomzimba omkhulu futhi umi phambi kwesihlahla sesundu.
I-Pantry / Ikhishi / Ihholo Lokudlela
Lezi zakhiwo ezintathu zihlangene futhi zixhumene. Endaweni yokuqala esetshenziswa njenge-pantry, kunezimbobo zokugcina izinhlinzeko. Ekhishini, kukhona ihhavini ebizwa ngokuthi "tandır" esasetshenziswa emadolobheni akulesi sifunda. Esigabeni sokugcina, kukhona ihholo lokudlela. Kukhona ibhentshi lamatshe netafula ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomnyango lapho abantu abangama-40 - 50 bengadla khona. Kunendlu yamagilebhisi okufanele igaye amagilebhisi ngakwesokunene setafula.
I-Karanlık Church
I-cradle vaulted nartex engunxande yesonto ifinyelelwa ngeledi eligobile enyakatho. Eningizimu ye-nartex, kunethuna. Isonto linohlelo lwesiphambano, izingalo zesiphambano ziphambanweni, isikhungo salo sigcwele, futhi sinezinsika ezine nama-absissae amathathu.
Isizathu sokuqanjwa kweBandla leKaranlık (Emnyama) ukuthi lithola ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu efasiteleni elincane engxenyeni ye-nartex. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imibala kuma-frescos inomdlandla kakhulu.
Isonto kanye ne-nartex inemihlobiso ecebile kuhlanganise neBhayibheli kanye ne-Christ syclus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengasemabandleni e-Elmalı kanye nase-Çarıklı, izigcawu ezithathwe kuTorah ziyavezwa. Isonto lakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12.
Izigcawu: amaDeesis, izindaba ezijabulisayo, uhambo oluya eBeytüllahim, ukuzalwa, ukukhulekelwa kwezazi zezinkanyezi ezintathu, ukubhabhadiswa, ukuvuka kukaLazaru, ukuguqulwa, ukungena eJerusalema, isidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina, ukukhashelwa, uKristu enyameni. esiphambanweni, uKristu wehlela esihogweni, abesifazane phambi kwethuna elingenalutho, isibusiso nokukhokhiswa kwabafundi, ukukhuphukela kukaKristu ezulwini, umoya wokungenisa izihambi woMprofethi u-Abrahama, ukushiswa kwezinsizwa ezintathu zamaJuda kanye nezithombe zethempeli. abangcwele.
I-St. Catherine Chapel
E-St. Catherine Chapel ephakathi kweBandla lase-Karanlık neBandla lase-Çarıklı, kokubili i-nartex ne-naos kuhlelwe isiphambano samahhala futhi kuphakathi nendawo; izingalo eziphambanayo zifakwe i-cradle vaulted futhi i-absissa temploned. Kunamathuna ayisishiyagalolunye esitezi se-nartex kanye namathuna angama-niche amabili ezindongeni.
Kukhona izibalo kuphela engxenyeni ye-naos ye-chapel. Ama-pandanti ambozwe ngemihlobiso yejometri yokusiza. I-St. Catherine Chapel, eyakhiwe ngemali eyanikelwa ngumuntu obizwa ngokuthi u-Anna, futhi eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-11. The Scenes: the Deesis in the temploned abscissa, ngezansi kwalokhu: obaba besonto ngezindondo, (uGregory, Basil, Johm Chrysostom), odongeni oluseningizimu yengalo ephambanayo esenyakatho: I-St George egibele ihhashi; ngaphesheya kwalo: St. Theodore, St Catherine nezinye izithombe zabangcwele.
Isonto le-Çarıklı
Inamakholomu amabili (amanye amakholomu asesimweni sezingxenye zamakona odonga), i-cross vaulted, ine-absissae emithathu kanye ne-domes emine. Ezigcawini, i-syclus emele impilo kaKristu, isigcawu seTorah esibonisa umoya wokungenisa izihambi woMprofethi u-Abrahama, ongcwele kanye nabameleli bani zivikelwe kahle. Kuyafana ne-Elmalı kanye ne-Karanlık Churches, nokho izigcawu zokubethelwa kukaKristu kanye nokuthatha uKristu esiphambanweni yizici ezahlukene zebandla. Izibalo ngokuvamile zikhulu futhi zinde.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi leli bandla liqanjwe “njengeBandla lase-Çarıklı” ngenxa yezinyathelo ezingezansi kwendawo yokunyukela kukaKristu esibhakabhakeni. Isonto lakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13.
Maphakathi nedome eyinhloko, i-Pantokrator Christ kanye ne-angel busts kuma-medallions kutholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelwa kwe-Deesis ku-abscissa eyinhloko, uMary kanye nomntwana uKristu enyakatho ye-abscissa kanye ne-Angel Micheal eningizimu ye-abscissa bayaboniswa.
Izigcawu: ukuzalwa, ukukhulekelwa kwezazi zezinkanyezi ezintathu, ubhapathizo, ukuvuswa kukaLazaru, ukuguqulwa, ukungena eJerusalema, ukukhashelwa, abesifazane phambi kwethuna elingenalutho, ukukhuphukela kukaKristu esibhakabhakeni kanye nezithombe ezingcwele.
Isonto laseTokalı
Yisonto lamadwala lakudala kakhulu esifundeni futhi linezindawo ezi-4: ISonto Elidala eline-Single Neve, ISonto Elisha, IBandla elingaphansi kweSonto Elidala, iSide Chapel enyakatho yeSonto Elisha.
I-Old Church eyaqalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-10 isesimweni sendawo yokungena yeBandla Elisha namuhla, nokho ekuqaleni laliyibhilidi elilodwa eline-nave eline-cradle vault. I-abscissa yayo ibhujiswe ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokwengezwa kweBandla Elisha empumalanga yalo. Izigcawu zitholakala endaweni ye-vault nangaphezulu kwezindonga. I-syclus ehlanganisa impilo kaKristu ihlukaniswe ngamaphaneli egumbini elingaphansi futhi izigcawu ziqala ophikweni lwesokudla bese zilandela kwesokunxele.
Izigcawu: Maphakathi negumbi lokubhalela abangcwele; ophikweni olungakwesokudla ephaneli eliphezulu: izindaba ezijabulisayo, ukuvakasha, ubufakazi bobuntombi, uhambo oluya eBeytüllahim, ukuzalwa; ephaneli eliphezulu ohlangothini lwesobunxele: ukukhulekelwa kwezazi zezinkanyezi ezintathu, ukubulawa kwezingane ezingenacala, ukubalekela eGibhithe, ukwethulwa kukaKristu ethempelini, ukubulawa kukaZekeriya; ephaneli eliphakathi ohlangothini lwesokudla: ukulandela kuka-Elizabeth, ukukhokhiswa kuka-Baptist Yahya, ukubhula kuka-Baptist Yahya, umhlangano kaKristu noMbhapathizi Yahya, umbhapathizo, umshado waseKana; ophikweni oluphakathi ohlangothini lwesobunxele: isimangaliso sewayini, ukukhiqizwa kwesinkwa nezinhlanzi, ukukhokhiswa kwabafundi, ukuphulukiswa kwempumputhe, ukuvuka kukaLazaru; ephaneli elingezansi ephikweni lokunene: ukungena eJerusalema, isidlo sokugcina, ukukhashelwa, uKristu phambi kukaPlatus; ephaneli elingezansi ohlangothini lwesokudla: UKristu eGolgotha, uKristu esiphambanweni, ukuthatyathwa kukaKristu esiphambanweni, ukungcwatshwa kukaKristu, abesifazane phambi kwethuna elingenalutho, uKristu wehlela esihogweni, uKristu ekhuphukela esibhakabhakeni. . Ngaphansi kwaleli phaneli: izethulo zabangcwele; phezu komnyango: indawo yokuguqulwa.
I-Yeni Tokalı ihlelwe ngokwesikhathi eside futhi ine-vault elula ye-cradle. Kunamakholomu amane axhumene komunye nomunye odongeni olusempumalanga, umhubhe okhuphuke ngemuva kwamakholomu, i-absis eyinhloko kanye ne-absisse eyengeziwe emibili ngemva komhubhe. Ku-cradle vaulted nave, i-syclus kaKristu imelwe ngemibala ebomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokulandelana kwesikhathi. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama uyisici esibaluleke kakhulu esihlukanisa iBandla laseTokalı kwamanye amabandla.
Ku-longitudinal nave, impilo ka-St. Basil, izethulo zabangcwele abahlukahlukene kanye nezigcawu eziningi zezimangaliso zikaKristu ziyavezwa. ISonto lakhiwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-10 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11.
Izigcawu: Ophikweni olusenyakatho lwendlu engaphansi: izindaba ezijabulisayo, ukuvakasha, ubufakazi bobuntombi, ukuzalwa nokukhulekelwa kwezazi zezinkanyezi ezintathu; odongeni olusenyakatho lwendlu engaphansi: iphupho lokuqala likaJosefa, uhambo lokuya eBeytüllahim, umfanekiso wabangcwele abayisishiyagalombili emifuleni engaphansi kwayo, nasengxenyeni ephansi kunazo zonke: ukubiza u-Yahya uMbhapathizi, ukukhokhiswa kwakhe, ukukhokhiswa kwakhe abafundi, umshado Kana; ophikweni olusentshonalanga: ukubalekela eGibhithe, ukuqulwa kwecala kukaKristu, uKristu ethempelini lapho eneminyaka engu-12; enkabeni yegumbi: ukukhuphukela kukaKristu esibhakabhakeni kanye nokukhokhiswa kwabafundi endleleni kaNkulunkulu; ophikweni oluseningizimu lwendlu engaphansi: ama-diakoni okuqala, izingelosi ezingachazeki; ngezansi kwalokhu: ukumelelwa kongcwele ezinkundleni; nasengxenyeni ephansi: ukubuya kwendodana yesicebi, ukubuya kwendodakazi kaJayiru, ukuvuka kukaLazaru, ukungena eJerusalema kanye nesidlo sokugcina; ophikweni olusentshonalanga: ukugezwa kwezinyawo; phezu kwe-abscissa eyinhloko: UKristu esiphambanweni, ukuthathwa kukaKristu esiphambanweni, abesifazane phambi kwethuna elingenalutho, uKristu wehlela esihogweni; ohlangothini olungaphambili lwe-absis eyinhloko: ama-diakoni okuqala, uKristu nowesifazane waseSamara, uMariya nomntwana uKristu ku-niche; enyakatho ye-abscissa ukubonakala kwabaProfethi nezingelosi.
I-Paşabağları ne-Zelve Ruin Izindawo
Izinsika zomhlaba eziqhelelene ngekhilomitha elingu-1 zingabonakala kahle endaweni eyincithakalo yaseZelve. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chapel eyakhiwe egameni likaSt. Simeon nezindawo eziningi zamadwala zikhona lapho. Ukwenziwa kukahulumeni kwale ndawo kanye nokusebenza kokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo kuhlelwa.
Indawo eyincithakalo yaseZelve, engekude nePaşabağları, 2 km ukusuka kuthelawayeka waseGöreme - Avanos futhi equkethe izigodi ezi-3 yindawo lapho izinsika zomhlaba ziminyene kakhulu. Bekungenye yezindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile nezikhungo zenkolo zamaKristu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingqungquthela zenkolo zokuqala zanikezwa abapristi kule ndawo. I-Balıklı, i-Üzümlü kanye ne-Geyikli Churches angamasonto abaluleke kakhulu esigodini futhi angaphansi kwenkathi yangaphambi kwe-iconoclastic.
Kukhona izindlu zezindela, amasonto, izindawo zokuhlala, imigudu, izigayo, izibuko, njll esigodini esasetshenziselwa ukuhlaliswa kwaze kwaba ngu-1952.
Isonto lase-Çavuşin
Iseceleni komgwaqo iGöreme - Avanos, 2.5 km ukusuka eGöreme. Ine-neve eyodwa, i-cradle vault, 3 absissae futhi i-nartex yayo ibhidliziwe. Isonto lase-Çavuşin elakhiwa egameni lika-Emperor Nicephorus Phocas lakhiwa ngonyaka wama-964 - 965. Izindikimba ezisetshenziswa esontweni zithathwe eBhayibhelini kanye nempilo kaKristu njengakwamanye amabandla.
Amanxiwa ase-Açıksaray
Ziqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-3 ukusuka e-Gülşehir. Yindawo eyinxiwa ebalulekile enezindawo eziningi eziqoshwe emadwaleni e-tuff kanye namasonto. Ibhalwe ngekhulu le-9 - 10. Insika yomhlaba esesimweni sekhowe etholakala lapha ingabonakala kuphela endaweni eyincithakalo eKhaphadosiya.
I-St. Jean Church
Kungasemnyango we-Gülşehir. Inezitezi ezi-2. Esitezi esingezansi kukhona indawo yokugcina iwayini, imisele yamanzi namathuna. Isitezi esingaphezulu yisonto. Izindonga zawo zihlotshiswe ngezigcawu ezithathwe eBhayibhelini. Ngemva kokubuyiselwa yi-archeologist-restaurateur u-Rıdvan İşler, isithathe isimo sayo samanje.
Ebandleni okuhlanganisa ne-syclus kaKristu neBhayibheli, izigcawu zisesimweni samafrieze ngamabhande. Imibala ephuzi nensundu isetshenziswa kungemuva elimnyama. Izitshalo kanye ne-geometric motifs zibonakala kuma-vaults e-niche nasebusweni. Ezindongeni ezisentshonalanga neziseningizimu, kuboniswa iLast Jurisdiction scene, engavamile ukubonakala eSifundazweni SaseKapadosiya. Ngokuhambisana nombhalo weBandla abscissa, isonto lahlelwa ngonyaka we-1212.
I-Özkonak Underground City
Idolobha elingaphansi komhlaba e-Özkonak Town eliqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-14 ukusuka e-Avanos. Yakhiwe emithambekeni esenyakatho ye-İdiş Mountain, indawo lapho izingqimba ze-tuff ezihlanganisa izingqimba zegwadle zentaba-mlilo ziminyene kakhulu. Idolobha elingaphansi komhlaba alikakahlanzwa ngokuphelele okwamanje, kodwa amagalari asakazwa ezindaweni ezinkulu ezihlanziwe axhunywe komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa imigudu.
I-Kaymaklı Underground City
Kusedolobheni laseKaymaklı esiFundazweni saseNevşehir. Kuqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka e-Nevşehir. Inezitezi eziyisi-8 futhi isitezi sayo sokuqala sakhiwa ngeNkathi YamaHeti. Iguqulwe yaba idolobha elingaphansi komhlaba ngokuqoshwa nokwandisa ezinye izindawo ngeNkathi YamaRoma neNkathi YaseByzantium. Namuhla, izitezi zayo ezi-4 zikhanyisiwe futhi zivulelwa ukuvakashelwa.
Leli dolobha elingaphansi komhlaba, eliqoshwe emadwaleni, linezimo zokukhosela ezidingekayo ukuze iqembu liphile okwesikhashana. Anamakamelo namahholo axhumene komunye nomunye anemihubhe emincane, izindawo zokugcina iwayini, amathange amanzi, ikhishi nezindawo zokuhlinzeka, imigudu yokukhipha umoya, imithombo yamanzi namatshe amakhulu amabhawodi avala umnyango kusukela ohlangothini lwangaphakathi ukuze kuvinjelwe noma iyiphi ingozi engase ivele. zivela ebandleni kanye nemvelo yangaphandle.
I-Derinkuyu Underground City
Kusesifundeni saseDerinkuyu esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-30 ukusuka eNevşehir, kuthelawayeka waseNevşehir – Niğde. Njengasedolobheni laseKaymaklı Underground, kunezindawo ezingakhoselisa iqembu elikhulu futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zabo. Leli dolobha elingaphansi komhlaba linezitezi ezingu-8. Njengoba ihlukile edolobheni elingaphansi komhlaba laseKaymaklı, kunesikole sezithunywa zevangeli, indawo eyodwa yokuvuma izono, ichibi lokubhapathiza nomthombo odonsa ukunaka kwezivakashi.
Amadolobha angaphansi komhlaba ayizakhiwo ezihlukile ekubunjweni kokwakheka komhlaba kwesifunda saseKhaphadosiya futhi amasampula anjalo awahlangatshezwana nezinye izifunda.
I-Mazı Underground Cities
I-Mazı Village, igama layo lakudala laliyi-"Mataza", ingamakhilomitha ayi-18 eningizimu ye-Ürgüp kanye ne-10 km empumalanga yedolobha elingaphansi komhlaba laseKaymaklı. 4 yokungena kunganqunywa ezindaweni ezahlukene; umnyango wayo omkhulu uhlinzekwa ngomhubhe owenziwe ngamatshe angajwayelekile. Itshe elikhulu lomshudo emhubheni omfushane lithatha indawo yokungena nokuphuma yedolobha elingaphansi komhlaba elilawulwayo. Igumbi elincane ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lenziwe ukuze linikeze ukunyakaza okulula kwetshe le-bolt. Izitebele ezisakazwa ezindaweni ezibanzi zendawo yokuhlala ngaphansi komhlaba azihlukile kwezinye. Kusukela ezitebeleni, isonto ledolobha elingaphansi komhlaba lifinyelelwa ngephaseji elifushane. Umnyango wale ndawo ungavalwa ngetshe lomshudo. I-abscissa yesonto iqoshwe ekhoneni futhi uhlangothi lwayo lwangaphambili luhlotshiswe ngokukhululeka.
I-Özlüce Underground City
Idolobha elingaphansi komhlaba enkabeni ye-Özlüce Village, igama lalo elidala laliyi- "Zile" lingamakhilomitha ayi-6 entshonalanga yedolobha laseKaymaklı kuthelawayeka waseNevşehir - Derrinkuyu.
Ekungeneni kukhona indawo enamakhothamo amabili axhumene. Ngemva kwalokho, ngephasishi elingamamitha angu-15 elenziwe ngamatshe emfucumfucu, i-tuff rock eyinhloko ifinyelelwa. Izindawo ezenziwe ngamatshe ezinikeza ukufinyelela edolobheni elingaphansi komhlaba zintsha uma ziqhathaniswa namadwala - izindawo ezibaziweyo ezakha idolobha elikhulu elingaphansi komhlaba. Ekupheleni kwalo mhubhe, kutholakala itshe lebhawodi elenziwe ngetshe legwadle eliqinile elinobubanzi obuyi-1.75 m.
Indawo eyinhloko emnyango iyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke yendawo yokuhlala engaphansi komhlaba futhi iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Ngakwesokudla sendawo enkulu, kunamadepho okuhlinzeka futhi kwesokunxele kuyo kukhona amagumbi okuhlala. Kunamagumbi ohlobo lwamaseli ezinhlangothini zamagalari amade kakhulu, futhi kunezicupho phansi.
Uma kwenzeka ukufakwa kukagesi nokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo kwenziwa, idolobha elingaphansi komhlaba i-Özlüce lingavulelwa ezokuvakasha.
I-Tatlarin Church kanye ne-Underground City
Kuqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-10 ukusuka esifundeni sase-Acıgöl esifundazweni saseNevşehir. Kusemthambekeni wegquma ledolobha laseTatlarin, elibizwa ngokuthi "Fort". I-nartex yesonto, enama-nave amabili, amabili absissae kanye ne-cradle vault, ibhidliziwe. Izigcawu eziku-frescos ezivikelwe kahle kakhulu zihlukaniswe kusuka komunye nomunye ngamabhendi. Okumpunga kusetshenziswe phansi futhi okunsomi, lwesinaphi nokubomvu kusetshenziswa emifanekisweni.
Idolobha elingaphansi komhlaba, elavulelwa ukuvakashelwa ngo-1991, likhumbuza ibutho lamasosha noma indawo yezindela ngenxa yobuningi bezindawo zokuhlinzeka, izindawo zalo ezinkulu kanye nenani elikhulu lamasonto. Idolobha elingaphansi komhlaba selisakazekele ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa ingxenye encane kuphela ebingahlanzwa. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sedolobha elingaphansi komhlaba, izitezi ezimbili ezingavakashelwa manje, ukuthi, linendlu yangasese, engatholakali kwamanye amadolobha angaphansi komhlaba.
