Umango yisithelo esimnandi kakhulu sesizini sasehlobo esithandwa abantu babo bonke ubudala. Isitshalo sesibili esikhulu sesithelo sasePakistan esinenani eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe. Umango ubizwa kakhulu ngokuthi “inkosi yazo zonke izithelo” ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi, iphunga elimnandi kanye nenani eliphakeme lokudla. Isilingo esinganeliseki sabathandi bakamango wasePakistan yiphunga lawo elingavamile nobumnandi obucebile obungatholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni. IPakistan ikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu emazweni akhiqiza umango emhlabeni. Izifundazwe zasePunjab nezaseSindh zingabakhiqizi abakhulu balesi sithelo futhi ingxenye yezifundazwe ezimbili ekukhiqizeni umango ingamaphesenti angama-79 namaphesenti angama-20, ngokulandelana. I-Punjab iphethe cishe amaphesenti angama-67 engqikithi yendawo yokuhlwanyela umango futhi ikhiqiza amaphesenti angama-80 esiphelele sesivuno sikamango sezwe.
Okuhle ngomango wasePakistan ukuthi unikeza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zomango wekhwalithi ephezulu kuhlanganisa Sindhri, Anwar Ratoul, Langra, Dusehri njll., kodwa ezihlukahlukene ethandwa kakhulu Sammar Bahisht, … 'Isithelo Sasezulwini' … esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi Chaunsa. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa se Chaunsa iqala ngoJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-August ngenkathi yasehlobo. Isikhathi somango wasePakistan sivame ukuqala ngenyanga kaMeyi futhi siqhubeke kuze kube uSepthemba. Kodwa, njengoba kunzima ukuhlala kude nobumnandi bomango, ngakho-ke abalandeli bakamango bancamela ukuqandisa i-pulp yawo ukuze bajabulele ukunambitheka kwasezulwini ngisho nangemva kokuba isizini isiphelile.
Ngonyaka ka-2010-11, umango watshalwa endaweni engamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-0.17, ukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.888. Ukukhiqizwa kukamango esifundazweni sasePunjab, phakathi kuka-2011-12, kwaqoshwa njengamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.304, okuwenza umlimi omkhulu umango ezweni.
Umango uyinto ebalulekile ethunyelwa ngaphandle. IPakistan minyaka yonke ithumela kwamanye amazwe cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-0.13 kamango onephunga elimnandi wekhwalithi ephezulu, onenani elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-6.5 zamadola, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nezimakethe zase-UK. Iyaqhubeka imizamo yokuthuthukisa isizindalwazi sokuthekelisa umango ngokufaka izifunda zaseNingizimu neNingizimu Mpumalanga ye-Asia ngaphezu kwe-China, i-USA kanye namazwe ase-Europe emaphakathi. Eqinisweni, umango wasePakistan unenani eliphakeme ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi umango wekhwalithi yokuthekelisa upakishwe ngendlela efanele ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bathole amanani aphezulu.
E-Pakistan, ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu esivuno sesisonke sisetshenziselwa ukucubungula njenge-pulp kamango. Njengamanje, amapulazi kamango ayi-19 e-Punjab aqinisekiswe i-Global Gap Certified (GGC) ngakho-ke, angathengisa imikhiqizo yawo kumaketanga okudla aqaphela ukuphepha kokudla kanye nezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu zomhlaba. Inani lamapulazi anjalo liyakhula njengoba abalimi abaningi manje sebethobela izindinganiso zekhwalithi ekulimeni, ukuvuna kanye nezinqubo zokumaketha ukuze bathole intengo ephezulu yesilimo sabo.
|
Unyaka |
Pakistan |
Isi-Punjab |
Thumela |
|||
|
Indawo (M. Acres) |
Production (M. amathani) |
Indawo (M. Acres) |
Production (M. amathani) |
Ubuningi (M. amathani) |
Value (Izigidi zamaRandi) |
|
|
2005-06 |
0.387 |
1.754 |
0.259 |
1. 392 |
0.105 |
1941.19 |
|
2006-07 |
0.407 |
1.719 |
0.277 |
1.357 |
0.062 |
1204.36 |
|
2007-08 |
0.411 |
1.754 |
0.277 |
1.373 |
0.069 |
1743.85 |
|
2008-09 |
0.421 |
1.728 |
0.277 |
1.324 |
0.073 |
2307.04 |
|
2009-10 |
0.429 |
1.845 |
0.277 |
1.456 |
0.085 |
2522.40 |
|
2010-11 |
0.420 |
1.888 |
0.277 |
1.503 |
0.127 |
3768.76 |
|
2011-12 |
I-0.421 (P) |
1.699 (P) |
0.275 |
1.304 |
0.130 |
3857.78 |
Kungase kwengezwe lapha ukuthi i-Punjab idlala indima ehamba phambili emnothweni kazwelonke ngezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Inamaphesenti angaba ngu-29 yenani eliphelele elibikiwe, amaphesenti angama-57 esamba esilinyiwe kanye namaphesenti angama-69 engqikithi yendawo etshaliwe yasePakistan. Inikela ngengxenye enkulu emnothweni wezolimo wezwe ngokuhlinzeka cishe ngamaphesenti angama-83 kakotini, amaphesenti angama-80 kakolweni, amaphesenti angama-97 elayisi elinephunga elimnandi, amaphesenti angama-63 omoba namaphesenti angama-51 ommbila emkhiqizweni wokudla wezwe. Phakathi kwezithelo, umango wenza amaphesenti angu-66; amawolintshi angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-95, amagwava angamaphesenti angama-82 kanye namadethi angamaphesenti angama-34 omkhiqizo kazwelonke walezi zithelo.
Kuyajabulisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuvela e-Punjab sekuqalile ukuhambisana namazinga ekhwalithi yamazwe ngamazwe Nge-Global-GAP kanye Nezitifiketi ze-IFS. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Punjab, namuhla, inokulandeleka kwe-B2C hhayi eyodwa noma emibili kodwa kuyo yonke imikhiqizo engama-20, okungekho elinye izwe elikwazile ukuyifinyelela.
|
Unyaka |
Indawo (M. amahektha) |
Production (M. amathani) |
Isivuno esimaphakathi (Mds./Acre) |
|
2002-03 |
0.133 |
0.684 |
137.85 |
|
2003-04 |
0.134 |
0.707 |
141.29 |
|
2004-05 |
0.248 |
1.312 |
141.39 |
|
2005-06 |
0.259 |
1. 392 |
143.88 |
|
2006-07 |
0.277 |
1.357 |
131.17 |
|
2007-08 |
0.277 |
1.373 |
132.63 |
|
2008-09 |
0.277 |
1.324 |
127.78 |
|
2009-10 |
0.277 |
1.456 |
140.55 |
|
2010-11 |
0.277 |
1.503 |
145.63 |
|
2011-12 |
0.275 |
1.304 |
127.04 |
Umango ungenye yezimpahla ezinhle zasePakistan. IPakistan inakho cishe konke okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuchumeni; elikudingayo ngempela ukuqhubeka kwezinqubomgomo kanye nohlelo lukahulumeni oluhle, olusebenzayo nolusheshayo- futhi olunomuzwa wokuqondisa, ukuhlela izinqubomgomo ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuze izinzuzo zemvelo ezifana nalezi.
Naphezu kwezingqinamba ezinkulu zezezimali nezomuntu iPakistan ezibhekene nazo empini yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nobushokobezi, okuhle wukuthi umnotho wasePakistan ukhombise ukuqina okukhulu lapho ubhekene nokuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo, ukwehla komnotho emhlabeni wonke, iTaliban imbroglio; kanye namathemba okukhula komnotho esikhathini esizayo mahle uma ukhetho lubanjwe kahle ngesikhathi nobuholi bangempela bentando yeningi bufungiswe e-Islamabad. Ukusimamisa ukukhula okusheshayo esikhathini eside, sidinga ukuphinda sinyuse inani kanye nekhwalithi yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, iPakistan kufanele iqhubeke nezinguquko zokunciphisa izindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi futhi ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwezabasebenzi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yomphakathi, imfundo kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kufanele futhi ibhekane nokukhula kokungalingani komnotho omkhulu, ikakhulukazi mayelana ne-akhawunti yamanje.
