Imicibisholo ye-NATO ye-Patriot ezomiswa eTurkey ingase ihlale ngisho nangemva kokuphola kwengxabano eSyria, ngenxa yezinye izingxabano zesifunda, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwe-Israel ne-Iran, ngokusho kukaProf. Mustafa Kibaroğlu wase-Okan University. 'Lokhu kuwukuqagela kwami kanye nengqondo yami njengesifundiswa,' usho kanje.
Uhlelo lwe-Patriot, olwakhelwe ukuvimba imicibisholo yezindiza, iTurkey ecele ukuthi i-NATO iyisebenzise ngesonto eledlule emzamweni wokuqinisa ezokuphepha emngceleni wayo neSyria ingase ihlale isikhathi eside ngenxa yokungezwani okuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-Israel ne-Iran, uProf. Mustafa Kibaroğlu, usihlalo woMnyango. we-International Relations e-Okan University e-Istanbul, kusho.
"[Amazwe aseYurophu] kungenzeka abe nomuzwa wokuthi kufanele anikeze iziqinisekiso eTurkey ukuthi iTurkey izovikeleka ezimeni ezihlanganisa izingxabano ezinkulu esifundeni ne-Iran ne-Israel," kusho u-Kibaroğlu.
U-Kibaroğlu uthi ukuthunyelwa kwemicibisholo ye-Patriot emngceleni waseTurkey kubalulekile njengoba kumelela okokuqala iTurkey kanye nabalingani bayo be-NATO babonakala besekhasini elifanayo mayelana nezinsongo ezivela eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Umbuzo: Kungani iTurkey yacela imicibisholo ye-Patriot?
Esikhathini esifushane isinqumo sokutshala imicibisholo ye-Patriot kumele ngabe senziwe maqondana neSyria. Kube nezigameko eziningana; kube nokudilizwa kwamajethi aseTurkey futhi kukhona nokuqagela ukuthi uma futhi lapho uBashar al-Assad eshiya isikhundla sakhe, angase afune ukwenza isiteleka sokugcina futhi alimaze iTurkey.
Kodwa lesi yisinyathelo sokuzivikela [esisanda kubhekiswa kuso manje], kucatshangelwa intuthuko yakamuva kakhulu esifundeni sisonke, hhayi maqondana neSyria kuphela. Akukho engingakusho ukuze ngiqinisekise lokhu, kodwa kungase futhi kube esinye isinyathelo sokuqapha sezehlakalo ezimaphakathi nezesikhathi eside njengokuthi uma u-Israel ehlasela i-Iran futhi i-Iran ifisa ukuziphindiselela. Njengoba ngikhumbula kanye, esinye sezikhulu zezempi zase-Iranian ezisezikhundleni eziphezulu sathi zizokhomba izisekelo zase-US esifundeni uma i-Israel noma i-United States ihlasela i-Iran. Njengoba sazi ukuthi i-İncirlik [I-Air Base] ingaphakathi kwebanga lemicibisholo yase-Iranian lawa ma-Patriots anganikeza ukuzivikela futhi ame njengesivimbelo ezitelekeni ezingaba khona.
Q: Lusebenza kahle kangakanani uhlelo, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ecabangela ubude bomngcele waseTurkey-Syria?
A: Ukuze ngiphendule lo mbuzo, kufanele ngibe nombono wokuthi yimaphi ama-Patriots azosetshenziswa eTurkey. Kunezigaba ezintathu zama-Patriots. Aye athuthukiswa izikhathi eziningana. Izizukulwane zokuqala zaklanywa ngokumelene nezindiza; izizukulwane zesibili zaklanywa ngokumelene kokubili izindiza nemicibisholo.
I-Patriot advanced capability-3, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Pac 3, iyona eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Yakhelwe ngokuqondile ukulwa nosongo olubangelwa imicibisholo ecitshwayo. Uma i-Pac 3, esezandleni zaseNetherlands, izosetshenziswa, khona-ke ukusebenza kahle kuzoba phezulu. Okwamanje alukho uhlelo lokuvikela umoya olusebenzayo olunganikeza ukuvikelwa okungamaphesenti ayi-100. Nokho asikho isifunda esingavuma ukuvumela amaphesenti angu-80 emicibisholo yaso abhujiswe uhlelo lokuvikela lesitha nalo. Uma selusetshenzisiwe, uhlelo lokuvikela umoya luhlinzeka ngokuvimba futhi lunikeza ingxenye ebalulekile yokuzivikela.
Umbuzo: Kunemibono yokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwama-Patriots kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo okungeyona impukane. Ziqine kangakanani lezo mibono?
IMPENDULO: UNdunankulu u-Recep Tayyip Erdoğan umemezele ngo-June ukuthi imithetho yokusebenzelana ishintshile futhi wathi, 'Singase sithathele izinyathelo ezindizeni eziphula indiza yethu.' Siyazi futhi ukuthi i-Turkish F-16s inikezwa imiyalo yokuthi idubule uma nayo futhi ilayishiwe. Ukuba khona kwezinhlelo zokuvikela umoya kanye ne-Turkish Air Force endizayo nezinhlamvu futhi ngaphansi kwemiyalo ecacile yokudubula uma iphoqelelwe, khona-ke ngaphandle kokuyiphimisa ngokuqondile, lokhu kungase kudale indawo ye-de facto no-fly emingceleni yaseTurkey. Lokho kungenza u-al-Assad acabange kabili ukuthi angathanda yini ukusunduza impi yaseSyria emngceleni noma ayigcine ngaphakathi endaweni yaseDamaseku.
Q: Khona-ke sizothatha ngokuthi abalingani be-NATO nabo bamukele imithetho emisha yokuzibandakanya yaseTurkey lapho uhlelo lokuvikela umoya luzosebenza.
IMP: Imithetho yokusebenzelana yashintshwa ngoJuni futhi izingxoxo [phakathi kweTurkey ne-NATO] bezilokhu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ushintsho kumele kube ngesinye sezihloko engxoxweni phakathi kweTurkey neNATO. Isinqumo asikenziwa okwamanje.I-Russia manje isinezingqinamba futhi asazi noma amazwe ase-Europe Emaphakathi naseMpumalanga azokhathazeka yini ngokusabela kweRussia futhi adale ukungqubuzana okuthile. Kodwa uma iTurkey ilubeke ngokusemthethweni lolu daba etafuleni, kumele izethembe kakhulu ukuthi ngeke ibhekane nobunzima bokuthola umphumela ewulindele kulezi zingxoxo. Uma isinqumo sithathwa, ngingacabanga ukuthi imithetho yokuxoxisana eshintshiwe kufanele ibhekwe. Amazwe e-NATO ngeke athi, 'O, besingazi ngakho.'
Q: Uthi isinqumo se-NATO sibaluleke kakhulu, kungani kunjalo?
IMP: Kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba esikhathini esidlule ikakhulukazi ababambisene nabo baseYurophu babengenamdlandla kangako mayelana nokuvumela amakhono abo ukuthi asetshenziswe eTurkey ngokuphathelene nezinsongo ezivela eMpumalanga Ephakathi. ITurkey yacelwa ukuthi ingangeni ezingxabanweni nomakhelwane bayo baseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Emuva ngo-March 1991 lapho uMongameli ongasekho uTurgut Özal ecela ukuthunyelwa kwebutho elisabela ngokushesha, abasekeli baseYurophu bahudula izinyawo. Kuze kwaba yilapho u-Özal elubeka obala lolu daba futhi wathi uma i-NATO ingekho nathi futhi ingami nathi kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwe-NATO lapho kwasetshenziswa khona izindiza zamasosha aseBelgium neJalimane kanye nama-Patriots aseNetherlands. Kodwa abaningi eTurkey bakubheka njengokuncane kakhulu sekwephuze kakhulu.
NgoFebhuwari 2003, ngaphambi kweMpi yesibili yase-Iraq iTurkey kanye ne-US yacela i-NATO ukuthi yenze i-Article 4, ngokusho ukuthi umfelandawonye uzohlangana ukuze ucubungule izimo ezingenzeka ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe uma kwenzeka uSaddam Hussein ehlasela iTurkey. IBelgium, iGermany, iFrance neLuxembourg ithe ngenxa yokuthi impi ebonakala isemaphethelweni izodalwa ngenxa yezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zase-US, amadlelandawonye ase-Europe awaboni ukuthi anesibopho sokuvikela iTurkey.
Kungokokuqala ngqa ukuthi iTurkey namadlelandawonye ayo e-NATO basekhasini elilodwa mayelana nezinsongo ezivela eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Umbuzo: Kungani bephume beseka kangaka manje?
IMPENDULO: Ingxenye eyodwa yesinqumo sokwesekwa kwamazwe ase-Europe ingase ibe nento yokwenza nezimo eziphuthumayo zesikhathi esizayo ezibandakanya isimo sakwa-Israel nese-Iran. Emuva ngo-1991 nango-2003 ngesikhathi la ma-Patriots etshalwa ahlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela. Kulokhu ukuhlala kwabo kungase kube isikhathi eside. Lokhu ukuqagela kanye ne-intuition yami njengomfundi. Amazwe ase-Europe akhathazeke ngokufanayo ngentuthuko e-Iran kanye nohlelo lwayo lwenuzi, futhi kunenkulumo mayelana nesiteleka esingase sibe khona se-Israel ngokumelene ne-Iran kanye nokuziphindiselela kwe-Iran okungenzeka. Bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi kufanele banikeze iTurkey iziqinisekiso zokuthi iTurkey izovikelwa ezimeni ezihlanganisa ukungqubuzana okukhulu esifundeni, okubandakanya i-Iran ne-Israel. Ngingathanda futhi ukwengeza leli phuzu: Iningi labahlaziyi bezokuphepha baseYurophu nabaseMelika balokhu bengibuza ukuthi iTurkey ingathanda yini ukwenza okufanayo uma i-Iran ithola izikhali zenuzi. Nginobunzima bokubaqinisekisa ukuthi, cha, iTurkey ngeke yenze okufanayo [kuleso simo.] I-Turkey iyilungu lesivumelwano sokungavimbeli, futhi inomkhuba wokugcina izibopho zayo zomhlaba wonke. Kepha banomuzwa wokuthi kufanele banikeze iziqinisekiso ezengeziwe ukuze iTurkey ingehli ngendlela efanayo ne-Iran.
Q: Ingabe izakhamizi zaseTurkey kufanele zizibheke njengenhlanhla ukuthi iTurkey ine-NATO ethembele kuyo noma kufanele zizwe lusizi ngokuthi iTurkey ayinalo ikhono elidingekayo lokuzivikela?
IMP: Wonke umuntu uyakwamukela ukuthi indawo yaseTurkey inzima futhi i-Middle East ingesinye sezifunda eziguquguqukayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukunikeza ukuvikeleka kubantu bakho kuyisibopho. Lokhu ungakwenza wedwa, usebenzisa izizumbulu zemali futhi kungase kunganele ngenxa yokuthi ungase ungabi nawo amakhono anele ezobuchwepheshe noma awunawo amandla anele ezezimali. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-NATO ngandlela thile kunciphisa izizumbulu zemali iTurkey obekumele iyichithe ekuthengeni izikhali noma ekuthengeni ukuvikela ngenye indlela.
Ukuba yilungu le-NATO, iTurkey inamalungelo athile kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo. Lawa malungelo ngabe asetshenziswe kangcono esikhathini esidlule ukube besinokusekelwa okungcono ekulweni kwethu ne-PKK [i-Kurdistan Workers' Party evinjelwe], isibonelo. Kwaba nokungabaza kwamazwe e-NATO ukusekela iTurkey lapho wonke umuntu azi ukuthi i-PKK ithola ukwesekwa emazweni angomakhelwane.
Inqobo nje uma ubumbano lwamalungu e-NATO eduze neTurkey ngokumelene nezinsongo ezingase zikhona, singase sithi yebo, ukuba yilungu le-NATO kuyinto enhle. Ukwabelana kwehlisa umthwalo, futhi iTurkey ingakhiqiza ukuvinjelwa okukhulu ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona futhi izindleko zokuhlinzeka ngokuvikela nokuzivikela ziyancipha. Ngaphandle kwalokho iTurkey kuzomele isebenzise izizumbulu zemali ukuze ivikeleke.
Lapho utshala impahla yezempi, kufanele udele imali evela kwezinye izindawo zokusebenzisa imali, njengemfundo nempilo. Usopolitiki ozinikele angathanda ukusebenzisa imali kulolu hlobo lwenkonzo yomphakathi, kodwa uma uhlala endaweni enzima kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha. Uma lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zidinga ukuthi usebenzise yonke imali yakho lesi isimo esingajabulisi, kodwa uma kukhona imifelandawonye ongabelana ngayo ngezindleko nemithwalo futhi uma kuletha iziqinisekiso zokuphepha, lokhu kubalulekile. I-NATO inikeza isiqinisekiso esihle sokuphepha, okusho ukuthi iseceleni kwakho uma uhlaselwa. Lokhu akuzange kube njalo esikhathini esidlule ngenxa yezinsongo ezivela eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye ne-PKK, kodwa kulokhu amazwe aseYurophu, cishe okokuqala, akhathazeke ngempela ukuma eTurkey.
UBANI U-MUSTAFA KİBARLI?
UProf. Mustafa Kibaroğlu wayeyilungu le-faculty e-Bilkent University kusukela ngo-1997 kuya ku-2011. Ngesikhathi nangemva kwezifundo zakhe zobudokotela e-Bilkent University, u-Kibaroğlu wayengumcwaningi e-UN Institute for Disarmament Research e-Geneva (1995); I-International Atomic Energy Agency eNyuvesi yaseSouthampton (1996); umuntu othole iziqu zobudokotela eMonterey Institute eCalifornia (1996/97); kanye nozakwethu wesabatha eBelfer Center yaseHarvard University (2004/05). Ubhale ngokuhlanganyela i-"Turkey: A Reference Handbook" ochungechungeni lwe-Global Security Watch ka-Praegers no-Ayşegül Kibaroğlu. Ubuye wahlela izincwadi eziningi, washicilela izahluko ezincwadini kanye nezindatshana kumajenali. U-Kibaroğlu uphinde abe ngumeluleki wezemfundo we-NATO Centre of Excellence Defense Against Terrorism e-Ankara.
(Ngicela mayelana nendaba yokuqala ukuchofoza)
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