U-Barack Obama kanye no-Xi Jinping banethuba lokuphindaphinda ubudlelwano obubaluleke kakhulu baleli khulu leminyaka.
Umongameli waseChina, uXi Jinping, mancane amathuba okuthi acaphune uThucydides lapho ehlangana nozakwabo waseMelika, uBarack Obama, engqungqutheleni ezoba seCalifornia ngoJuni 7 no-8. Kodwa umoya wesazi-mlando esingumGreki uzohamba phezu kwepulazi laseSunnylands. Inqubomgomo yamaShayina ihlatshwa umxhwele impikiswano yakhe yokuthi kwakungukwesaba kwamaSpartan amandla akhulayo ase-Athene okwenza impi igwemeke. Ukuphikelela kwabo kokuthi iChina ifuna "ukukhuphuka ngokuthula" kuhloswe ngayo ukudambisa izinkathazo ezinjalo eMelika.
Itulo alisebenzi. Ubudlelwano beShayina neMelika buye bawohloka eminyakeni yakamuva, okukhuphule ingxabano eMpumalanga Asia. Ikhuthazwe yimpumelelo yayo yezomnotho kanye nokuntengantenga kwaseNtshonalanga, iChina ibilokhu igomela izimangalo zayo esifundeni ngodlame, ithumela omakhelwane babuyela emuva esambulela sezokuphepha saseMelika. Impendulo ka-Barack Obama ibe “yi-pivot” ebheke e-Asia. Uma kungekho ukwethembana, izinhlangothi zombili zizokwakha amandla azo ezempi futhi ukuziphatha okunomthwalo wemfanelo wokuzivikela kungase kubangele ukungqubuzana.
UMnu Xi unento eyodwa elungile okungenani. Ngenyanga edlule watshela uTom Donilon, umeluleki wezokuphepha kuzwelonke waseMelika osezothatha umhlalaphansi, ukuthi ubudlelwano bufinyelele “esigabeni esibucayi” futhi “kudingeka uhlobo olusha lobudlelwano bamandla amakhulu”.
Ingabe u-Xi ukhona, noma u-Xi akayona ingane kaMao?
Ngo-1972 u-Richard Nixon no-Henry Kissinger bamangaza umhlaba wonke ngokundizela eShayina ukuyobamba izingxoxo no-Mao Zedong, lapho bavumelana ngokuthi bangakunaki ukungezwani kwabo ukuze baqhubekisele phambili izintshisekelo zabo bobabili. Nakuba imihlangano eminingi esemthethweni yenzekile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abaholi balamazwe womabili abavamile ukubekela eceleni isikhathi esifana nalesi njengoba ingqungquthela yaleli sonto ihlinzekela ukubamba izingxoxo ezingakahleleki ezifanayo (bheka isihloko). Badinga ukukhombisa ukubona kude kukaNixon noMao.
Umhlaba usushintshe kakhulu emashumini amane eminyaka, futhi iChina nangaphezulu. Njengoba igcwele impendulo eku-inthanethi futhi ezinikele ekuthengeni izinto, ezinye izingxenye ze-China manje seziqala ukufana neMelika. Ubushiqela bukaMao buvulele ubuholi obuhlangene bePolitburo, kodwa uhlelo ludonsa kanzima ukuqukatha umphakathi wekhulu lama-21.
UMnu Xi, ubaba wakhe ayeyiqabane likaMao, ujabulela igunya lakhe ukwedlula owamanduleli wakhe oyisiphukuphuku, u-Hu Jintao. Ehhovisi isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka, usewaqinise amandla akhe ngokushesha. Usungule umkhankaso wokulwisana nenkohlakalo nokweqisa okusemthethweni (bona isihloko). Ukhuluma ngezinguquko ezengeziwe kwezomnotho. Ushise izincwadi zakhe zobuzwe ekhaya ngesikhathi exabana neJapan ngamachashaza esiqhingi. Ukukhombisa ukuzethemba okusha kwe-China kwezobunxusa, uMnu Xi ufika eCalifornia edlula eMexico, eCosta Rica naseTrinidad & Tobago (bona isihloko). Umlayezo: njengoba nje iMelika ithi inamandla esifunda e-East Asia, i-China ingatshala ifulegi layo e-Caribbean. (Itshala ifulegi layo nakwamanye amachweba emhlabeni jikelele—bona isihloko.)
Ngandlela thize ukugomela okusha kweShayina kwenza ukubambisana kube nzima. Izithakazelo ezinamandla, okuhlanganisa ne-People's Liberation Army, ekhiqiza amathoyizi amasha, ikholelwa ukuthi iMelika izibophezele ekuhlanganiseni iChina futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwayo. I-saber-rattling kaMnu uXi ikhombisa ukukhula okujule kakhulu kwemizwa yobuzwe emphakathini waseChina. Abantu abaningi baseMelika besaba ukuthi ukufuduka kweChina eMelika njengomnotho omkhulu emhlabeni kuzolandelwa ngokushesha ukunyukela kwayo esimeni sokuba namandla ezempi. Nokho kubaholi bobabili, kuningi okungazuzwa ngokubambisana kunodweshu. UMnu Obama unethuba elingcono kakhulu lokudlulela phambili e-Iran, eNyakatho Korea kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu uma iMelika neChina zibambisana. Futhi uMnu Xi uyazi ukuthi uma iMelika izizwa ilula ngezinhloso zeChina, kungenzeka imnike indawo ethe xaxa esifundeni sakhe.
Umoya weSunnylands
U-Obama kanye no-Xi badinga ukuqala ngokubhekana nezimbangela zamanje zokungezwani ebudlelwaneni baseSino-America. Abaduni baseShayina bantshontshe impahla yobuhlakani ngesilinganiso esimangalisayo (bheka isihloko), kuyilapho amaSinophobes aseMelika exhashazwa izindlela zokuthunyelwa kwempahla eChina, ezabekwa ngemuva kokubulawa kwabantu ngo-1989 eTiananmen Square, ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ngaphandle kwezinhlangano ezikude kakhulu zezempi, njengama-brake pads nama-SIM card. UMnu uXi udinga ukuthumela uphawu lokuthi ukweba nge-inthanethi ngeke kubekezelelwe. UMnu Obama udinga ukusunduza ukuze asuse imikhawulo ethile.
I-Sunnylands kufanele futhi isetshenziswe njengethuba lokuhlela ezinye izingqungquthela esikhathini esizayo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abaholi bamazwe amabili amakhulu omhlaba bahlangana ngale ndlela. Kuyamangaza ngokufanayo ukuthi isizukulwane samanje sabaholi baseMelika asibandakanyi abantu abanzima bangempela ezindabeni zamaShayina: ubuholi baseBeijing basathambekele kakhulu ekuxhumaneni noMnu Kissinger kunanoma yimuphi omunye wabasekeli bakaMnu Obama. Kulula ukugcona umqondo wemihlangano ngenxa yemihlangano. Kepha bangakha izixhumanisi zokwethembana kanye nobungane abaholi abangasebenzisa kubo enkingeni — futhi izingxoxo ngeziphuzo zasebusuku zingenza okuningi ukuhlanganisa amazwe ndawonye kunabo bonke osopolitiki emhlabeni.
Lokhu kuzibophezela kokwazana kangcono kufanele kudlulele ekusebenzisaneni okwengeziwe mayelana nezokuphepha. I-Asia iyigceke laseChina, kodwa omakhelwane bayo bafuna iMelika ihlale ithembisana. Lokho kusho ukuthi nika-futhi-thatha. IMelika inganciphisa ukuthengiswa kwezikhali eTaiwan ukuze kuhoxiswe imicibisholo yaseChina ogwini lwaseFujian. I-China ingaqinisa imizamo yokumisa iNorth Korea ekuthuthukiseni imicibisholo yenuzi ukuze izibophezele ukuthi, uma umbuso omubi uzowa, amasosha aseMelika azohlala eseNingizimu Korea, hhayi emngceleni waseChina.
Kunezizathu eziningi ezinhle ezenza iMelika ibe novalo mayelana nokukhula kwesikhondlakhondla esisha sezomnotho kanye nokucasuka ngokuhlaselwa kwamakhompiyutha, ukuvinjelwa iSyria noma isihluku sombuso esenzela izakhamuzi zawo. Kunezizathu eziningi futhi zokuthi iChina icasulwe yiMelika: Abantu baseMelika bebezimisele kakhulu ukwenza amademoni izinkampani eziphumelelayo zaseShayina ezifana neHuawei noma iCNOOC. Kodwa isifundo somlando ukuthi wonke umuntu uyalahlekelwa uma umhlaba uvumela ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni ukuba kuphume esandleni. Eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2,000 21 edlule iGreece yahlakazwa ukwehluleka kweSparta ukuphatha i-Athens. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule i-Europe yahlakazwa ukwehluleka ukuphatha ukukhuphuka kweJalimane. Uma ikhulunyaka lama-20 lizoba nokuthula kuneli-XNUMX, iMelika neShayina kumele zifunde ukubambisana kangcono.
The Economist
