Isikhafu esinesignesha esesitayeleni ka-Mustafa Kemal Ataturk simboza ubuso be-mannequin kanye nesikibha esimhlophe esinomfanekiso we-Ataturk emomothekayo siqedela ingubo engavamile.
U-Ismail Saymaz, intatheli ephenyayo yaseTurkey yansuku zonke Radikal, uthathe isithombe ngoNovemba 15 phambi kwesitolo sezimpahla e-Izmir, isizinda saseKemalist ogwini olusentshonalanga yeTurkey.
"Lena yi-anarcho-Kemalism," usosayensi wezepolitiki uFatih Yasli uphendule ku-tweet ka-Saymaz ekhombisa le mfashini entsha yasemgwaqweni yabashokobezi basemadolobheni. “Lawa ngamaKemalist SA [ebhekise enhlanganweni yamasosha amaNazi I-Sturmabteilung]. Ziyingozi kakhulu uma ziminyene,” kuphendula u-@durmance6470, kwathi u-@hasavrat wathumela ku-Twitter ngemva kwalokho, “Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngikuthola kuthakazelisa ukuthi i-tattoo yesiginesha ka-Ataturk iwuphawu olumelene nokusungulwa.”
"Inkolo ye-Ataturk" ihlaziywe kabanzi ngabezindaba bamazwe ngamazwe. Muva nje ngoNovemba 10, lapho abantu baseTurkey abangaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1 bevakashele i-mausoleum yase-Ataturk, bephula irekhodi eminyakeni engu-75 kusukela ashona. Kodwa-ke, isici esisodwa esiguquguqukayo sale nganekwane edumile sisabikwa ngaphansi: uguquko olumangalisayo ekubonweni komphakathi kwe-Kemalism, okuyinto yakamuva e-post-Gezi Turkey.
Isikhathi sokuqala engahlangana ngaso nalawa ma-“anarcho-Kemalists” kwaba ngenkathi ngiya e-Istanbul's Taksim Square ukuze ngithwebule imibhikisho yaseGezi Park ngobusuku obunesiphithiphithi ngoJuni. Ngaphansi kokukhanya okuphuphuthekisa amalangabi, emi ihlombe nehlombe nabalandeli bebhola, izinsizwa ezinhlanu noma mhlawumbe eziyisithupha ezigqoke imaski yobuso nezikibha ze-Ataturk zazicula iziqubulo ezimelene nohulumeni zibalekela isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi samaphoyisa asanda kuhoxa eTaksim Square. .
Eceleni kwabo bekumi iqembu elithi "Carsi" (Imakethe), abalandeli bokuqina beqembu lebhola lebhola leBesiktas. Uphawu lwabo, igama elithi “Carsi” elibhalwe ngophawu lwesiyaluyalu ngohlamvu “a,” lalingakaze lishintshe. Kodwa isiqubulo sabo esaziwayo esithi, "I-Carsi imelana nayo yonke into," yayinesengezo esisha ngalezo zinsuku, "ngaphandle kwe-Ataturk."
Amaphoyisa agcine ebuyele eTaksim Square esenamandla asabekayo, ahlakaza ababhikishi. Amalungu angu-16 e-Carsi aboshwa ngoJuni XNUMX. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, angizange ngibone noma yiluphi uphawu lwe-anarchist olunesithombe se-Ataturk, ngaze ngazithela phezu kwesithombe esabhalwa u-Saymaz ku-Twitter ngoNovemba.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi i-Kemalism, inkolelo yombuso eqinile esekelwe enkolelweni yomuntu siqu, ihlanganiswe nesiphithiphithi, umgomo wezombangazwe osekelwe ekungabikho kukahulumeni nokungahlonishwa kwegunya?
U-Ataturk wayengusopolitiki we-pragmatic owazibeka ngendlela ehlakaniphile ngokuvumelana nezimo eziguqukayo. Ekugcineni wahlwanyela imbewu yentando yeningi yamaqembu amaningi kanye nomnotho wemakethe, kodwa lapho kudingeka, wayeshalaza yonke imibono kusukela kubukhomanisi kuya ku-Islamism, kusukela kunxiwankulu kuya ku-fascism. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1920, washo la mazwi alandelayo - ehlanganisa imibono emithathu ephikisanayo emshweni ofanayo - futhi waheha ngempumelelo ukusekelwa kweSoviet ngokumelene nabahlali baseNtshonalanga eTurkey:
“Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi singamaSulumane, sikholelwa ku-Ummahism [pan-Islamism], eguqula isiyingi esilinganiselwe sobuzwe bethu sibe umkhakha ongenamkhawulo. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, indlela yethu ingaba yindlela yobuBolshevism.”
Inkulumo ka-Ataturk "Bursa" yayilolu hlobo "lomthombo womlando" wentsha eguquguqukayo manje. Ngo-1933, kuthiwa weluleka intsha yaseTurkey eBursa ukuthi ivikele i-republic “ngezandla, amatshe, izinduku noma izibhamu” uma kudingeka, ngisho naphezu kwamaphoyisa, amasosha nezinkantolo. Ngakho, lo mbhalo wavalwa amashumi eminyaka ngezizathu zokuthi wawukhuthaza ubandlululo.
Ngo-Agasti, abezindaba abasekela uhulumeni babike ukuthi inkulumo yeBursa isiphinde yasakazwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nemibhikisho yaseGezi Park. NgoMeyi nangoJuni, inkulumo yasetshenziswa ku-google inombolo erekhodiwe yabasebenzisi be-inthanethi eTurkey. Noma kunjalo, izazi-mlando azivumelani ngendaba yobuqiniso benkulumo.
Inkulumompikiswano yokuqala yomphakathi mayelana nalokho okubizwa nge-anarcho-Kemalism empeleni yaqala lapho umdwebi wase-Austrian uMichael Blum edala ubuntu mbumbulu, owesifazane oyisiphithiphithi obizwa ngo-Safiye Behar, "njengesithandwa esiyimfihlo sika-Ataturk" ku-Istanbul Biennial yesishiyagalolunye ngo-2005.
I-Graffiti phansi phambi kwesikhumbuzo se-Ataturk ifundeka u-Ahmet Atakan, owesilisa owashona phakathi nemibhikisho yaseGezi Park. Isithombe ngu: Emre Kizilkaya
Njengoba ukuphila kulingisa ubuciko, izinganekwane zizophenduka zibe ngokoqobo maduze. Ibhulogi ebizwa ngokuthi “Ruh Tipasi” (I-Soul Plug) ishicilele i-manifesto yokuqala ye-anarcho-Kemalists ngo-2010. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-anarcho-Kemalists okuqala asanda kuvela emigwaqweni, ngibuyele ku-Michael Blum. “Njengoba ungacabanga, u-Safiye ubeyoweseka kakhulu futhi ekhuthele enhlanganweni ye-Gezi ukube waphila ngo-2013. Ngijabule kakhulu ukuthi i-Ataturk ithola le mpilo entsha esimweni sangemva kweGezi," esho.
Guenter Lewy, uprofesa waseMelika ophumayo owabhala I-Ataturk Revolution eTurkey, futhi unethemba ngokunyakaza okufana ne-anarcho-Kemalists. “Iqembu lezwe elilwela inkululeko lingihlaba umxhwele njengengamukelekile futhi liyikhambi elihle lokuthambekela kobushiqela bamanje,” esho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uProfesa Mehmet Alkan wase-Istanbul University, ucabanga ukuthi lo mqondo awunakho ukuvumelana kobuhlakani. "I-Anarcho-syndicalism inomgomo wesikhashana wokubuyisela umbuso ukuze uyibhubhise, kuyilapho i-anarcho-Kemalists ifuna ukuyiqinisa," kusho u-Alkan.
Yize izazi eziningi ziqaphile, uhlobo olusha lwama-Kemalist luthi selulungele ukungena emigwaqweni futhi, uma ludingeka. Abaningana banokungabaza mayelana nokwenza isithonjana se-Ataturk ngendlela okwakwenziwa ngayo iqembu manje eliphikisayo eliyinhloko i-Republican People's Party (CHP) emashumini eminyaka adlule. U-Omre Akyuz, 19, ongumfundi wasenyuvesi obambe iqhaza emibhikishweni, ungomunye wabantu abanozwela kulo mbutho.
"Yebo, sonke siyamthanda u-Ataturk ngokusishiya i-republic. Nokho, kuyo yonke le mibhikisho nangemva kwayo, abangane bami babenokukhathazeka ngokusebenzisa umfanekiso wakhe. Bebecabanga ukuthi lokho kungahlukanisa ababhikishi ababona iKemalism njengento emelene ne-Islam,” kusho u-Akyuz.
Ngamafuphi, imibhikisho yaseGezi Park ayizange nje inyakazise uhulumeni futhi ibangele ukuzamazama komfelandawonye ophethe, kodwa futhi yabekela inselelo izici zakudala ze-“Kemalism 1.0.”
"I-Kemalism 2.0" ekwenzeni ibonakala inamandla okuba neningi futhi ibe nenkululeko, kangangokuthi manje yamukela ngisho nokunyakaza okungase kube nokuzilimaza okuhlobene ne-anarchism.
Ngisho ne-Islam yezombangazwe, manje entengayo kuso sonke isifunda, ingase idinge amandla anjalo aphula izimfundiso zesikhathi esedlule. Akulula ukuguqula ngokuqhubekayo uma ubambe amandla. Njengoba uBlum echaza:
“Ngo-2005, i-Kemalism yayiwumbono omdala, osugugile, unezici eziningi ezithuthukayo kodwa ezedlule. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yokubusa kwe-AKP [Justice and Development Party], abantu ngokwemvelo babhalisa i-Ataturk njengomfelandawonye omelene nohulumeni - futhi i-Ataturk ibithuthuka kakhulu kunohulumeni wamanje. Ngosuku esizobona ngalo umbuso wobushiqela wamaKemalist, kungenzeka kube khona abantu abaphendukela ku-anarcho-Islamism, kwazi bani?”
I-Almonitor
