Ukunqoba kukaMengameli waseMelika u-Barack Obama okhethweni lukamongameli lwangesonto eledlule kusho ukuthi i-United States ingase iqhubeke nokuhlehla eMiddle East, nokuvula isidingo sokusebenzisana neTurkey, ngokusho kowayengusomaqhinga, othi ukubambisana kweTurkey ne-US sekuzuzile. ukubaluleka ne-Arab Spring.
I-United States ibheka ukunaka kwayo kwenye indawo evela eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ihlinzeka ithuba lokuthi iTurkey ikhuphuke futhi ibambe iqhaza elikhulu esifundeni, kusho owayengusomaqhinga u-Özden Sanberk.
“[I-US] idinga uzakwethu. Indawo yokubambisana okuhle neyakhayo iyavela esifundeni,” uSanberk usanda kutshela iDaily News. "Uguquko esifundeni luzoba nzima kakhulu uma i-US isebenza neTurkey."
Abaningi eTurkey bajabula lapho [uBarack] Obama ewina [okhethweni lwase-US lwangesonto eledlule]. Ingabe lokhu kungenxa yokwazisa kuka-Obama noma ukwesaba [ngombangi weRiphabhulikhi u-Mitt] Romney?
Noma ngabe u-Obama noma u-Romney, ubudlelwano baseTurkey ne-US ngeke bufike ezingeni lokuhlukana. Kukhona umfelandawonye. I-Turkey iyamazi u-Obama, akalona inani elingaziwa, futhi kukhona isipiliyoni seminyaka emine edlule.
Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kusitshelani? Ingabe ubuhlobo bufike ezingeni elidingekayo?
Angaphezu kwesilinganiso, kodwa angikwazi ukusho ukuthi alapho okufanele abe khona. Naphezu kokubambisana ekulweni nobuphekula, kusekhona ukukhungatheka ngasohlangothini lwaseTurkey. Sicabanga ukuthi i-US ingaletha okwengeziwe. Uma ubheka ngokombono wase-US, ayilethisi ngenxa yokuthi ayinayo intshisekelo yayo. I-US ibingase iqhubekisele phambili ukubambisana kwezempi ngaphambi kokuba ihoxe e-Iraq.
Yini ephethe iWashington?
Kunobukhulu obungahambisani nentshisekelo yakho. Akucaci futhi ukuthi lokhu [ukubambisana okwandayo] kuhambisana nesu lakho, okuwukuzikhipha eMpumalanga Ephakathi. I-US ngeke iphume ngokuphelele esifundeni; kuzoba nepolitiki. Kodwa isikhathi sokusebenza kwezempi siphelile ngo-Obama.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe i-US izosusa ukunaka kwayo e-Asia-Pacific?
Yebo, kodwa i-radicalism eyafika ku-ajenda ngemva kukaSepthemba 11 akuyona indaba ezohamba kalula. Futhi, empeleni, ithole isici esisha nge-Arab Spring. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunombono wokubambisana owavela ne-Muslim Brotherhood elinganiselayo futhi, ngakolunye, kukhona indaba yokubhekana namaqembu aqinile njengamaSalafi. Inqobo nje uma lo mbono wokusongela uqhubeka - futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukubeka phambili kwe-US kuzodlulela e-Asia-Pacific - isithakazelo esisebenzayo sase-US eMpumalanga Ephakathi, lapho umbono wokusongela uvela khona, uzoqhubeka.
Kuza ukubaluleka kweTurkey. Kukhona ukuhlangana kwezithakazelo njengoba nathi siphikisana nokuthambekela okuqinile. Ukubambisana okuqale ngoSepthemba 11 kuzoqhubeka njengoba sinezindawo esinesithakazelo kuzo. Futhi akufanele sizizwe singekho yinkimbinkimbi ngakho. Sizosebenza ngokubambisana ne-US
nomaphi lapho sinezithakazelo ezihlanganyelwe. Noma i-US ingazibandakanyi ne-Middle East, kunendawo entsha sha yokubambisana kwe-US-Turkish. Sizozama ukusondeza izinqubomgomo zethu. Ukubaluleka kokubambisana kweTurkey-US kunyukile nge-Arab Spring.
Iluphi uhlobo lwendawo entsha yokubambisana okhuluma ngayo? ITurkey ne-US bezilokhu zisebenza ndawonye esikhathini esidlule eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Yebo, kodwa indawo entsha sha iza nokuvuka kwama-Arab. I-US yayingahileleki ngokuqondile ekuvukeni kwama-Arab ngenxa yesu layo lokuhola ngemuva. Iphathe intuthuko ngendlela engaqondakali. Kodwa endleleni ezayo, izothuthukisa izinqubomgomo ezizokhuthaza uguquko lwentando yeningi noguquko. Eqinisweni, iTurkey yayisiqalile ukwenza lokho; kodwa lapho udaba lwaseSyria lufika ephuzwini lamanje, [izinqubomgomo] zantengantenga. Kokubili i-US neTurkey badinga ukunqoba lokho.
Ngakho-ke ukholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuhlangana kwezintshisekelo ze-Turkey ne-US ukuze basebenzisane ukuze kube noshintsho eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Ukuguquguquka kweMpumalanga Ephakathi ngendlela yezifiso zabantu kuzokhuthazwa. Manje uma usho lokho, kuzwakala njenge-Great Middle East Project [isu langaphambili lase-US]. Futhi lokhu kuphakamisa izinsolo eTurkey naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kodwa mina angiboni kanjalo. Uma ngikhuluma ngesikhuthazo, ngikhuluma ngokusekela le nqubo, ngokubambisana kwezomnotho, noma ngezinye izindlela eziningi. Kodwa angikhulumi nhlobo ngezindlela zempi. I-US izosebenza kakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kodwa lo msebenzi ngeke ube ngowezempi.
Ngakho-ke ingabe usho ukuthi ngenkathi uzikhipha ngokwezempi eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kungase kudinge ukuthembela kumlingani onjengeTurkey ukuphatha inqubo yenguquko esifundeni.
Idinga umaqondana. Indawo yokubambisana okuhle nokwakhayo iyavela esifundeni. Uguquko luzoba nzima kakhulu uma i-US isebenza neTurkey.
Kepha njengoba ushilo, iSyria iseyinselelo enkulu.
Yebo, kukhona ukuqina okungekho muntu obonakala ekwazi ukukunqoba.
ITurkey ayikwazanga ukusebenzisa kahle ithonya layo eSyria. Sazama ukukholisa umbuso [ukuba wenze] izinguquko futhi lapho sehluleka, sahoxa futhi sacasuka. Besicabanga ukuthi umbuso uzowa ngokushesha okukhulu. Besicabanga ukuthi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uzosebenza kakhulu ekusheshiseni ukuwa kombuso. Ngakho saba nezinqumo ezingalungile. Empeleni, amanye amazwe nawo enza izinqumo ezingalungile futhi, ngesinye isikhathi, azishintsha kalula izinqubomgomo zawo. Kodwa sawuthatha umgomo wethu waze waphela amandla.
Ekuqaleni, sasivame ukusho ukuthi singakhuluma nanoma ubani esifundeni, ngisho nabadlali abangekho ngaphansi kombuso. Kodwa thina ngokwethu sayinqamula inkhulumomphendvulwano yethu nomlingisi obaluleke kakhulu [uMongameli wase-Syria u-Bashar al-Assad], sicabanga ukuthi uzohamba. Kodwa akwenzekanga kanjalo, futhi sekuyacaca ukuthi ngeke kulunge kanjalo.
Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yindawo ozizwa ukhungatheke kakhulu ngokuhluleka ukwenza lokho ofuna ukukuzuza. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenxa yempumelelo, sikuthathe kalula futhi sacabanga ukuthi singafinyelela noma yini esiyifunayo. Kodwa sakwazi [kuphela] ukugcwalisa oseyili ngamandla athambile lapho ulwandle luzolile. Kodwa manje kunesiphepho futhi asikwazi ukugcwalisa oseyili wethu ngamandla athambile. Uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni amandla aqinile, amandla ethu noma isipiliyoni sethu akwanele ngoba, ekupheleni kosuku, iTurkey iyizwe elifuna ukuthula. Ulwandle manje seluneziphepho ngaphandle kwethu, futhi bekufanele silungise izinqubomgomo zethu ngendlela efanele. Manje okubalulekile ukwenza isisekelo sokusebenzisana ne-US, i-Europe, kanye nabalingani bama-Arab, ukuphatha udaba lwaseSyria ukuze lungalimazi uguquko esifundeni.
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isinyathelo esisha saseMelika sokuphikisa sikhombise ukwehlukana kwemibono phakathi kwe-Ankara neWashington.
Angikuboni kanjalo. I-Turkey inikeze imvume yayo kulolo hlelo ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi inkimbinkimbi.
ITurkey igxekwa ngokweseka kakhulu iMuslim Brotherhood.
Kukhona lo mbono. Okufanele kwenziwe wukwephula lo mbono. Angikholwa ukuthi iTurkey ilandela inqubomgomo yamahlelo. I-Turkey ayizange ibe nenqubomgomo yamahlelo futhi sabona izenzo ezibonisa ukuthi i-Justice and Development Party [AKP] ayizange ilandele inqubomgomo yehlelo. Undunankulu wavakashela iNajaf [idolobha lase-Iraq elibhekwa njengelingcwele amaShiite]; wabiza ukungakholelwa kwezwe ngenkathi eseGibhithe. Inzuzo enkulu yeTurkey ukuthi ingakwazi ukuphuma ezingxabanweni zamahlelo esifundeni ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo sombuso wentando yeningi kanye nezwe. Umbuso onamandla anjalo awukwazi ukulandela inqubomgomo efuna ubuholi bamaSunni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imibono ibaluleke kakhulu kuneqiniso, futhi iTurkey idinga ukushintsha lowo mbono. Mhlawumbe sidinga idiplomacy yomphakathi eqinile ngalokho.
Yini oyilindele ngenkinga yaseSyria?
Kunzima ukusho. Kepha kusobala ukuthi ngeke kube khona impi yase-US, futhi iTurkey idinga ukusebenza kuleso sakhiwo. I-Turkey nayo idinga ukushintsha umbono wokuthi iyinkinga yaseTurkey-Syrian. I-Turkey izodinga ukuza neziphakamiso zokudala, ezingezona ezempi.
UBANI u-ÖZDEM SANBERK?
U-Özdem Sanberk uthweswe iziqu e-Istanbul University's Law Faculty. Njengosomaqhinga wemisebenzi, wasebenza ezikhundleni ezimbalwa zezobunxusa ngaphambi kokuba inxusa laseTurkey futhi omele unomphela kwi-European Union eBrussels ngo-1987.
Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ku-2000, waqanjwa ngokuthi umqondisi we-Turkish Economic and Social Foundation (TESEV) e-Istanbul, ebambe isikhundla kuze kube ngo-September 2003. Uyilungu lebhodi le-Kadir Has University e-Istanbul futhi usebenza namathangi amaningi okucabanga aseTurkey.
U-Sanberk ungumbhali wezindatshana ezimayelana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle futhi ungumhlaziyi nomsakazi wokushicilela nokulalelwayo nokubonwayo.
Njengamanje u-Sanberk ungumqondisi we-International Strategic Research Institute (USAK). Uphinde waba yilungu lethimba le-UN mayelana nokuhlasela kwe-Mavi Marmara flotilla.
