chaw nyob: Boyacıali District
Bulvar Street No: 16
Xov tooj - Fax: 713 45 92
Ereğli / KONYA
Nyob rau hauv Ereğli Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1968, 8096 kab lis kev cai cov cuab tam raug nthuav tawm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas txhua xyoo yog 10900. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj lub rooj nthuav qhia loj, tab sis kaw qhov rooj nthuav tawm yog ua nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev.
Ereğli Tsev khaws puav pheej yog kev sib txuas ntawm txhua qhov kev vam meej pib txij li 7000 BC txij li Lub Sijhawm Neolithic yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Herakleia archaic nroog thiab cov khoom muaj nqis uas pom nyob ib puag ncig tau nthuav tawm hauv Ereğli Tsev khaws puav pheej. Cov tes axes pom nyob rau hauv Can Hasan teej tug mus rau lub sij hawm Neolithic, phab ntsa frescos, tes mills, khawb cov cuab yeej thiab siav earthenware lauj kaub, polichrome siav earthenware lauj kaub uas yog nyob rau lub sij hawm Calcolithic, tsiaj thiab tib neeg cov nuj nqis teej tug mus rau lub qub Bronze Age, xub xaus, stamp seals, tes axes, dej jugs nrog bulle belongs rau Asyrrian Commercial Colony Period, mlom, siav earthenware txiv hmab txiv ntoo daim hlau, siav earthenware ntsev khob, cylindrical thiab stamp seals belongs rau lub Hittite lub sij hawm, carabeuses, hieroglyph thiab ntsia thawv sau sculpture bases, bulas mus rau Phrygian Era, beak mouthed dej jugs, phiales, lekythos teej tug mus rau lub sij hawm Hellenistic, nyiaj Athena npib hu ua Herakleia cov khoom muaj nqis, golden thav duab, architectural qhov chaw teej tug mus rau lub sij hawm Roman, grave steles, tib neeg thiab tsiaj cov nuj nqis, architectural qhov chaw . Lub Sijhawm Byzantine, golden christograms, glazed pots belongs rau Seljuk thiab Karamanoğlu Lub Sijhawm, plaster ornaments, trousseau hauv siab uas yog lub sijhawm Ottoman ua los ntawm rye qia, tes - sau Korans nrog golden thov hlaws, phom, tes - ntaub pua plag thiab kilims yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws movable kab lis kev cai cuab tam tam sim no nyob rau hauv peb lub tsev cia puav pheej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, İvriz Pob Zeb Monument yog nyob rau lub sijhawm Hittite lig, golden coated ntoo sarcophagus qhov chaw nyob rau lub sijhawm Hellenistic, uas muaj nyob hauv Göztepe Tumulus thiab golden Ephesus npib, yog cov haujlwm tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb.
Archaeology Tsev khaws puav pheej
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeology tau qhib thawj zaug hauv lub tsev uas nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Karma Secondary School hauv xyoo 1901. Xyoo 1927, cov haujlwm tau tsiv mus rau Mevlana Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab xyoo 1953 mus rau İplikçi Mosque rau kev nthuav tawm. Xyoo 1962, niaj hnub no lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau tsim thiab muab rau kev pabcuam.
Peb lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj ua haujlwm suav nrog Old Bronze, Mid Bronze (Asyrrian Trade Colonies), Hlau (Phrygian, Urartu), Classical, Hellenistic, Roman thiab Byzantine Lub Sijhawm, pib txij lub sijhawm Neolithic.
I. Hall of Prehistoric Works
1- Lub Sijhawm Neolithic Ua Haujlwm (6500 - 5300 BC)
Dhau li ntawm Neolithic Lub Sijhawm ua haujlwm pom nyob rau hauv Erbaba, Süberde, Çatalhöyük excavations, tes – siav earthenware pots, xub thiab hmuv xaus ua los ntawm obsidian thiab flint yog tam sim no.
2- Lub Sijhawm Bronze qub (3000 - 1950 BC)
Cov haujlwm uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm no feem ntau tau txais los ntawm Sızma thiab Karahöyük excavations. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lauj kaub tais diav uas muaj grooves rau lawv thiab coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm Lakes Region, uas tau coj los ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm Beyşehir Lake tau nthuav tawm.
3- Mid Bronze (Asyrrian Commercial Colonies) Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm (1950 - 1750 BC)
Cov lauj kaub tais diav hauv cov ntawv sib txawv ua rau lub log, tswm ciab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov tsiaj zoo li lub lauj kaub, cov nplhaib tooj liab, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj cylindrical tau txais nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem excavations tau ua hauv Konya Karahöyük txij li xyoo 1952.
II. Hlau Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm
1- Lub Sijhawm Hlau Ua Haujlwm (8th, 7th, 6th century BC)
Phyrigian lub lauj kaub muaj cov duab ntawm lawv, uas pom nyob rau ntawm Konya Alaaddin Hill, Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sij Hawm tau pleev xim rau hauv ntau hom pom hauv Kıcıkışla, ntawm 20 km sab qaum teb ntawm Karapınar District ntawm Konya, bronze fibulas (needle) thiab daim hlau nrog cov duab ntawm Urartus yog suav nrog hauv cov haujlwm no.
Hauv Kıcıkışla, ua ke nrog Phyrigian pots, muaj Lidian cov lauj kaub tais diav uas tau pleev xim rau thiab sib txawv.
2- Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm Classical (480 - 330 BC)
Cov kylixes tseem ceeb uas tau pleev xim nrog cov xim dub ci thiab uas tau coj los ntawm Kıcıkışla, lekythoses thiab ib qho oinokhoe, uas yog ornamented nyob rau hauv kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem dub daim duab yog suav nrog hauv chav kawm no.
3- Hellenistic Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm (330 - 30 BC)
Ntawm cov hauj lwm no, daim phiaj, cov lauj kaub uas polished thiab ua nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab ib tug sib sib zog nqus carved lauj kaub pwm ib feem.
4- Lub Sijhawm Roman Me Me Bronze Sculptures (30 BC - 395 AD)
Nyob rau hauv no showcase, muaj Roman Period Hermes, Eros thiab bulls sculptures ua los ntawm bronze.
III. Roman Period Hall
1. Roman Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm (30 BC - 395 AD)
Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, Sidemara hom marble Herakles Sarcophagus nrog txhua (250 - 260 AD) marble nrog girland ntawm Sidemara thiab Pamphylia hom pom nyob rau hauv Iconium (Konya) necropolis (the 2nd thiab 3rd caug xyoo AD) thiab ib Poseidon sculpture, siav lub ntiaj teb tswm ciab rau. tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kab rov tav showcases, essence pots, iav kua muag fwj, naj hoom pots, xyaum raj, tsom iav, decanters thiab iav bracelets, golden rings thiab qhwv ntsej, nplhaib pob zeb ua los ntawm cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig, ivory zuag thiab manicure cov cuab yeej raug nthuav tawm.
2- Byzantine Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm (395 - 1453 AD)
Lub hauv paus mosaic muaj qhov ntev ntawm 6.30 x 3.50 m uas tau txais los ntawm Tatköy Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj hauv kev khawb los ntawm peb lub tsev cia puav pheej hauv xyoo 1990 hauv Sille, Tatköy thiab lub hauv paus mosaics tau los ntawm kev khawb hauv xyoo 1991 thiab 1992 hauv Çumra, Alibeyhilise. tau nthuav tawm. Hauv lwm qhov showcase, bronze door knockers, cauldron handles, rolickers, crosses, marks and arrow ends belongs to the Byzantine Period are exhibited.
IV. Ua haujlwm hauv Vaj
1- Ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov rooj
Nyob rau ntawm lub sam thiaj ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nkag, Byzantine lub sij hawm qhov chaw ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab marble los ntawm Sille thiab Konya centre, pob zeb ntxa; thiab grave steles los ntawm Roman Lub Sijhawm (lub xyoo pua 2nd thiab 3rd AD) tau nthuav tawm.
2- Ua haujlwm hauv pem hauv ntej vaj
Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej vaj, Roman lub sij hawm (thib ob, 2rd caug xyoo AD) sculptures, ntxa hleb thiab stelae, tshauv thawv, tsov ntxhuav, kem taub hau ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab marble thiab inscriptions. Ntawm cov ntawv sau no, Iconium, Derbe thiab Lystra inscriptions tseem ceeb heev.
Tsev khaws puav pheej Atatürk
Ob-storeyed keeb kwm lub tsev uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1912 ntawm Atatürk Street yog ua los ntawm kev txiav, pob zeb tawg thiab cib. Lub tsev, uas tau sau npe rau xyoo 1923 hauv lub npe ntawm cov nyiaj txiag, tau siv los ua tus tswv xeev lub tsev loj thiab tau raug xa mus rau Atatürk thaum nws mus ntsib Konya. Lub tsev, uas tau yuav los ntawm Konya Cheeb Tsam los ntawm lub txhab nyiaj hauv xyoo 1927, tau sau npe rau hauv lub npe ntawm Atatürk raws li kev qhia ua tsaug ntawm Konya cov neeg rau Atatürk thiab cov lus qhia "nws yog khoom plig ntawm Konya rau Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha, tus thawj tswj hwm" suav nrog hauv nws daim ntawv teev npe. Lub tsev, uas tau yuav los ntawm Konya Private Administration tiv thaiv tus nqi cim hauv xyoo 1940, tau hloov mus rau tus tswv xeev lub tsev loj dua thiab tau siv los ua Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws lub tsev mus txog xyoo 1963.
Xyoo 1963, lub tsev tau raug xa mus rau Ministry of National Educatin thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws tau qhib rau pej xeem nrog lub npe "Atatürk House - Culture Museum" thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 17th 1964.
Atatürk Tsev khaws puav pheej tau rov qab los ntawm General Directorate ntawm Ancient Works thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ministry of Culture thiab Tourism raws li qhov kev thov ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Xeev hauv 100 xyoo ntawm Atatürk yug thiab nws qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab kev npaj tau rov ua dua thiab tau qhib rau pej xeem. Lub Plaub Hlis 17th 1982 ua "Atatürk Tsev khaws puav pheej". Nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, lub feature ntawm lub tsev ntawm kev siv raws li ib tug lub tsev tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev hloov kho uas yuav deteriorate lub architectural nta ntawm lub tsev.
Nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Konya thiab Konya cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev ywj pheej ua tsov ua rog tau raug sim los qhia nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab. Nyob rau hauv lub exhibition nyob rau hauv lub sab thiab sab sauv halls ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, kev ncaj ncees yog sim muab lub vaj huam sib luag thiab showcase thiab Atatürk lub Konya mus ntsib yog qhia nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub pre-public lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv pem teb.
Hauv cov vaj huam sib luag, muaj cov ntaub ntawv, duab thiab cov ntawv xov xwm clippings qhia Atatürk qhov kev mus ntsib Konya, kev mus ntsib nws hauv nroog thiab cov ntawv sau niaj hnub uas nws khaws cia hauv lub tsev no tau nthuav tawm. Hauv cov yeeb yam, qee cov khaub ncaws uas yog Atatürk thiab ntau yam khoom uas nws siv hauv lub tsev tuaj yeem pom.
Karatay (Encaustic Tile Works) Tsev khaws puav pheej
Madrasa nyob hauv Karatay District, Ferhuniye Quarter, Adliye Boulevard, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Aladdin Hill.
Karatay Madrasa tau tsim los ntawm Emir Celaleddin Karatay hauv Sultan İzzeddin Keykavus II lub sijhawm, nyob rau xyoo 649 raws li Islamic daim ntawv qhia hnub (1251 Gregorian). Nws tus kws kes duab vajtse tsis paub. Cov madrasa siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Ottoman tau raug tso tseg thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.
Lub madrasa tau tsim los ntawm Sille pob zeb nyob rau hauv "Closed Madrasa" hom rau muab kev kawm txog hadith thiab Kaulees tawm tswv yim nyob rau hauv Seljuk Lub Sij Hawm. Nws yog ib leeg- floored. Kev nkag yog muab los ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub qhov rooj ua los ntawm ntuj thiab dawb marble. Lub qhov rooj yog ib tug masterpiece ntawm Seljuk Lub Sijhawm pob zeb ua haujlwm. Nws yog ornamented nrog inscriptions thiab motifs. Muaj cov ntawv sau hais txog kev tsim kho ntawm madrasa ntawm lub qhov rooj. Xaiv verses ntawm Kaulees thiab hadiths yog sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm reliefs rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rooj.
Los ntawm lub qhov rooj, lub tshav puam, uas tau npog nrog lub dome ua ntej (tam sim no qhib), nkag mus thiab los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau madrasa yog muab los ntawm lub qhov rooj. Nyob rau ntawm lub qhov rooj ntug, nyob rau hauv ciam teb rau sab sauv qhov chaw ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab nyob rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag nyob rau hauv lub cell qhov rooj, verses ntawm Kaulees yog sau.
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim thiab Ayet - el Kürsi tau sau rau ntawm lub koov ntawm liwan nrog lub txaj pw uas nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev. Ntawm daim duab peb sab, uas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov mus rau lub dome, cov npe ntawm Mohammed, Tswv Yexus, Mauxes thiab David cov yaj saub thiab cov npe ntawm plaub caliphs (Ebu Bekir, Ömer, Osman, Ali) tau sau. Lub domed cell nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub liwan yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm Celaleddin Karatay.
Ib feem loj ntawm cov vuas mosaic encaustic rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm madrasa tau raug tso tseg. Cov xim siv nyob rau hauv cov vuas encaustic yog turquoise, indigo thiab dub.
Karatay Madrasa, muaj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv Anatolian Seljuk Lub Sijhawm ua haujlwm pobzeb ua haujlwm tau qhib rau pej xeem raws li "Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Encaustic Tile Works" hauv xyoo 1955.
Cov khoom pov thawj yog rau Anatolian Seljuk thiab Ottoman Lub Sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lub cell, qhov chaw uas Celaleddin Karatay qhov ntxa nyob thiab nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hlwb nyob rau hauv sab qab teb, Kubad - Abad Palace encaustic vuas, plaster ornaments, encaustic pobzeb daim hlau, tswm ciab thiab tsis yog glazed ceramics. Cov vuas encaustic ntawm Kubad - Abad Palace yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, semi - ntoo khaub lig, lub hnub qub nrog yim fab thiab square thiab yog ua nrog luster thiab nyob rau hauv - glaze txheej txheem. Kubad - Abad Palace, uas tau tsim ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Alaeddin Keykubat lub 1st, tau pom los ntawm Konya Tsev khaws puav pheej Tus Thawj Coj Zeki Oral hauv xyoo 1949, tom qab İbrahim Hakkı Konyalı thiab Prof. Dr. Osman Turan tau taw qhia tias nws yuav tsum nyob ib puag ncig Beyşehir. Kubad - Abad, uas tau raug tso tseg rau nws tus kheej rau lub sijhawm ntev tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Zeki Oral hauv 1952, Katharina Ottodorn hauv 1965 - 1966 thiab Mehmet Önder hauv 1967, tau rov ua dua los ntawm Prof. Dr. Rüçhan. Arık pib txij xyoo 1980 thiab kev khawb av tau pib.
Encaustic pobzeb ruins teej tug mus rau Seljuk Lub Sij Hawm thiab ceramics teej tug mus rau Seljuk thiab Ottoman Lub Sijhawm tau nthuav tawm hauv liwan. Nyob rau hauv lub domed nrog, iav daim hlau, encaustic pobzeb qhov chaw nyob rau lub sij hawm Seljuk, qab nthab chaw ntawm Beyşehir Eşrefoğlu Mosque thiab ceramics teej tug mus rau lub Ottoman lub sij hawm nyob.
Sırçalı Madrasa (Grave Monuments) Tsev khaws puav pheej
Sırçalı Madrasa tau siv los ua madrasa hauv Seljuk thiab Ottoman lub sijhawm. Cov chav kawm ntawm cov madrasa, uas tau tso tseg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, tau raug rhuav tshem. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, kev kawm tau txuas ntxiv hauv chav ua los ntawm lub hnub - cib qhuav.
Lub madrasa tau raug coj los kho thiab tiv thaiv hauv xyoo 1954 thiab tau qhib rau pej xeem raws li "Grave Monuments" ntu txuas nrog Konya Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv xyoo 1960. Xyoo 1969, nws tau rov qab los ntawm Ministry of Culture raws li nws qhov qub.
Lub catacomb muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm Byzantine, uas nyob hauv qab lub ntiaj teb hauv lub vaj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej uas tau rov ua dua - coj mus rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm xyoo 1988 - 1990 thiab nws qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab kev npaj tau rov ua dua, tau kho thiab qhib rau kev tuaj xyuas. Hauv Sırçalı Madrasa Grave Monuments Tsev khaws puav pheej, cov pob zeb ntxa ntawm Seljuk, Karamanoğlu thiab Ottoman lub sijhawm uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm kos duab thiab uas tau sau los ntawm cov toj ntxas, feem ntau tau ploj mus los ntawm lub sijhawm, raug nthuav tawm.
Hauv pem teb sab saud ntawm Grave Monuments Tsev khaws puav pheej tseem raug siv los ntawm "Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Reliefs thiab Monuments".
Sırçalı Madrasa, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws madrasas ntawm Konya thiab Anatolia, yog nyob rau hauv Konya Province, Meram District, Gazialemşah Quarter.Sırçalı Madrasa, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov madrasas muaj lub tshav puam qhib, ob liwans thiab ob pem teb, tau tsim los ntawm Bedreddin Muslih nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev 2nd. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev txiav pob zeb yog siv, thaum nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw rubble pob zeb yog siv. Nws tau siv los ua madrasa txog xyoo 1924 nrog ntau yam kev hloov pauv.
Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Madrasa nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - sab hnub poob kev taw qhia yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb txiav. Lub zwm txwv lub qhov rooj ua ib qhov projection rau pem hauv ntej yog ornamented nrog geometric thiab Anatolian ornaments. Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag, muaj ib tug inscription. Ntawm ob sab ntawm cov ntawv sau no, muaj cov qauv ua haujlwm zoo nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li peb pom nyob rau hauv classical Seljuk lub zwm txwv qhov rooj, muaj ob lub niches ntawm ob sab ntawm lub qhov rooj. Tom qab nkag mus, cradle vaulted liwan nyob.
Qhov no, nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev, yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug thib ob liwan. Vim yog muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ob pem teb, lub vault cover nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Bursa koov npog nrog glazed cib thiab encaustic vuas yog tsawg. Muaj ib lub qhov ntxa ntawm sab xis thiab chav madrasa nyob rau sab laug. Lub qhov ntxa muaj lub dome - zoo li lub vault cover thiab ib qho ntawm nws lub qhov rais qhib rau pem hauv ntej sab, thaum lwm qhib rau lub tshav puam. Nws cov phab ntsa thiab npog yog ua nyob rau hauv herringbone qauv nrog glazed cib. Lub chav madrasa nyob rau sab laug yog them nrog lub txaj pw thiab lub qhov rais qhib rau pem hauv ntej. Lub chav madrasa muaj zog, uas tau muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no, yog chav no.
Lub madrasa muaj ib lub tshav puam thiab lub pas dej nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub tshav puam. Lub tshav puam yog surrounded nrog porches nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev. Los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov porches, nws yog to taub hais tias ob txhais ceg, phab ntsa saum npoo yog them nrog glazed cib thiab encaustic vuas nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab. Muaj plaub tug tub kawm ntawv lub hlwb ntawm txhua sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm lub tshav puam. Tag nrho cov chav yog kaum rau nrog cov chav nyob rau hauv pem teb sab sauv. Lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais ntawm chav qhib rau lub tshav puam.
Muaj ib chav domed ntawm txhua sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm lub ntsiab liwan. Cov no yog cov chav kawm classical caij ntuj no. Lub ntsiab liwan, uas yog qhov chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, muaj zog heev niaj hnub no. Tab sis cov vuas hexagonal encaustic ntawm lub liwan koov thiab cov vuas encaustic nyob rau sab sauv ntawm liwan tau raug los yog puas lawm. Lub liwan yog cais los ntawm lub tshav puam nrog ib kauj ruam. Nws sab pem hauv ntej yog ornamented nrog encaustic vuas thiab inscriptions nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab tsos. Cov ntawv sau no yog suras coj los ntawm Kaulees. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hexagon nyob rau hauv lub koov, inscription ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv. Nws tau sau tias madrasa tau tsim los ntawm "Tuslu Mehmet Usta". Lub inscription ciam teb mus ncig lub liwan sab pem hauv ntej. Lub mihrab, uas nws cov vuas encaustic tau los, yog nyob rau sab qab teb phab ntsa ntawm liwan. Sırçalı Madrasa encaustic vuas muaj qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplais pobzeb kos duab.
İnce Minaret (Lub Pob Zeb thiab Ntoo Ua Haujlwm) Tsev khaws puav pheej
Nws nyob hauv Konya Xeev, Selçuklu District, nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Alaeddin Hill. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Vizier Sahip Ata Fahreddin Ali nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Seljuk Sultan İzzeddin Keykavuz thib 2, rau kev muab kev kawm txuj ci hadith xyoo 663 hauv Islamic daim ntawv qhia hnub (1264 Gregorian). Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub tsev yog Keluk bin Abdullah.
Darü-l Hadis yog ib qho ntawm cov madrasas ntawm Seljuk Lub Sijhawm uas tau kaw lub tshav puam. Nws muaj ib tug liwan. Lub qhov rooj ntawm lub zwm txwv nyob rau sab hnub tuaj yog cov qauv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Seljuk Lub Sijhawm Pob Zeb ua haujlwm. Peb kab me me thiab koov lub thawv nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag yog ornamented nrog cov nroj tsuag thiab geometric motifs.
Los ntawm lub zwm txwv qhov rooj, qhov chaw nrog ntoo khaub lig vault yog nkag. Qhov chaw no, uas tsis pom thaum ntsia los ntawm pem hauv ntej, tsim symmetry rau lub ntsiab liwan ntawm lub tsev.Ob niches nyob rau sab phab ntsa ntawm qhov chaw no muab ib tug zoo nkauj tsos rau lub architecture.
Los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig vaulted nkag qhov, cov neeg tuaj saib lub tsev yog nkag. Cradle vaulted thiab rectangular npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm hlwb nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub square npaj, domed lub tshav puam, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas, muaj ib tug pas dej ua ke. Txoj kev mus rau lub dome yog muab nrog pandantives. Ntawm lub dome rim, "El - Mülkü - Lillah" "Ayet - el Kürsi" yog sau nrog kufi sau. Lub tsev muab lub teeb los ntawm lub qhov rais thiab lub qhov rais thiab lub teeb hauv lub dome.
Hla qhov nkag, lub liwan nrog qis vault, uas nkag tau los ntawm peb kauj ruam, nyob. Muaj ib lub xwmfab - npaj, domed chav kawm ntawm txhua ob sab ntawm lub liwan. Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub monumental qauv yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb txiav thiab sab nraud ntawm sab phab ntsa yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb rubble. Cib tau siv rau hauv qhov chaw sab hauv rau ob qho tib si zoo li qub thiab zoo nkauj.
Los ntawm lub mosque nyob rau sab qaum teb, tsuas yog cov mihrab ua los ntawm cib tau nyob niaj hnub no. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub minaret, uas tau muab nws lub npe rau lub tsev, yog coated nrog tsis tu ncua txiav pob zeb. Lub cev yog ua los ntawm cib tag nrho. Nws lub cev uas twb muaj lawm niaj hnub no muaj yim lub ces kaum thiab yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab. Lub minaret yog ua los ntawm turquoise xim, dawb - khob cij cib. Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub minaret muaj ob lub sam thiaj, lub thunderbolt uas tau poob rau xyoo 1901 tau rhuav tshem ib qho ntawm ob lub sam thiaj.
İnce Minaret Madrasa tau ua nws txoj haujlwm kom txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws paub tias yuav kho nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1876 - 1899. Tom qab ntau yam kev kho vaj tse uas tau pib xyoo 1936 hauv Republic Period, nws tau qhib rau kev pabcuam raws li Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Pob Zeb thiab Ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej, kev tsim kho thiab kho cov ntawv sau nrog cov txheej txheem carving ntawm pob zeb thiab marble teej tug mus rau Seljuk thiab Karamanoğlu Lub Sijhawm, siab reliefs uas yog Konya Fort, qhov rooj thiab qhov rais tis ornamented nrog geometric thiab cog motifs ua nrog carving txheej txheem ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntoo, qauv. ntawm ntoo qab nthab chaw thiab tombstones ua rau marble thiab hleb yog nthuav tawm.
Cov qauv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub taub hau dav dawb hau, uas yog lub cim ntawm Seljuks uas nws lub nroog yog Konya, thiab cov duab ntawm tus tubtxib saum ntuj tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej no.
Ethnography Tsev khaws puav pheej
Lub tsev, uas tau tsim los rau kev kawm ntawv, tau qhib rau kev pabcuam raws li Ethnography Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv xyoo 1975. Hauv qab daus ntawm peb - 
pem teb lub tsev, chav yees duab, archive, khoom thiab kawm ua hauj lwm warehouses, boiler chav tsev thiab cov ntaub pua plag - kilim seem, uas cov hauj lwm tseem tab tom ua thiab uas yog npaj yuav qhib nyob rau hauv 1998, yog nyob rau.
Nyob rau hauv pem teb, exhibition hall thiab Dr. Mehmet Önder Conference Hall nyob; nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb cov kev pab cuam, tsev qiv ntawv thiab chaw ua hauj lwm warehouses nyob.
Nyob rau hauv lub exhibition hall, lub ethnographic tej hauj lwm teej tug mus rau Konya thiab nws ib puag ncig, uas tau muab rau lub tsev cia puav pheej los ntawm kev yuav khoom, pub dawb thiab hloov los ntawm lwm lub tsev cia puav pheej, tau nthuav tawm.
Ntawm cov khoom pov thawj, muaj cov paj ntaub, cov hnab ntim ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab ntau hom, ornamented bundles, tes phuam, drawstrings, tes pleev xim rau daim ntaub qauv, cov qauv ntawm lub sij hawm dhau los Turkish khaub ncaws, bindallı, kab tshoob ntaub, luv tsho, tsho tshaj sab, ris tsho hauv qab thiab shalwar qauv. , poj niam ornamental khoom, siv buckles, bracelets, fez hangers, cap qauv, kas fes khob thiab hnab ntawv, kas fes lub thawv, kas fes lauj kaub, kas fes mills, kas fes teeb qauv; hlau, iav thiab porcelain chav ua noj lauj kaub, rov qab thiab da dej pots, candelabrum, censer, sawv dej khob qauv; thov cov hlaws dai qauv ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv calligraphy thiab sau ntawv; tub rau khoom, bookrest, tes sau, sau phaj qauv; ntoo niam - ntawm - pearl inlaid nrog teeb thiab tub rau khoom qauv; cov ntaub pua plag - kilim thiab ntaub pua plag piv txwv ntawm Seljuk, Ottoman thiab Lub Sijhawm Republic; xib xub, hneev, xub xub, daggers, ntaj thiab flint - rab yaj phom, tshuaj ntsiav - rab yaj phom thiab phom ntev thiab lawv cov khoom siv phom phom uas yog Ottoman thiab Republic Lub Sijhawm.
Sille Aya - Elena Lub Koom Txoos
Sille yog ib lub tsev nyob uas yog 7 km rau hauv plawv nroog, txuas nrog Selçuk District ntawm Konya Province.
327 xyoo tom qab yug los ntawm Tswv Yexus, niam ntawm Byzantine Emperor Helena tau nres ntawm Konya thaum mus rau Yeluxalees rau kev mus ncig thiab pom cov tuam tsev carved uas yog thawj zaug ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv thiab txiav txim siab kom muaj lub tuam tsev ua hauv Sille rau cov ntseeg. Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nteg ceremony ntawm lub tuam tsev no, sawv cev ntawm Mihail Arkhankolos. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug kho rau ntau pua xyoo thiab mus txog niaj hnub no.
Ib daim ntawv kho Turkish sau rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nrog cov ntawv Greek muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm pawg ntseeg. Cov ntawv sau no yog sau hnub tim 1833. Nyob rau tib daim ntawv sau, muaj ib daim ntawv sau peb kab qhia tias lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug kho zaum thib plaub hauv Sultan Mecit Lub Sijhawm.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug tsim los ntawm kev txiav Sille pob zeb. Muaj chav carved rau hauv pob zeb hauv nws lub tshav puam. Sab nraud nartex yog nkag los ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qhib rau sab qaum teb. Ntawm no, ob - taw qhia pob zeb ntaiv mus rau ntawm cov poj niam nyob. Lub ntsiab dome ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog nyob rau plaub ntxhw ceg thiab lub tsev teev ntuj muaj peb nephs. Muaj ib tug ntoo qhuab qhia aisle uas yog ornamented nrog plaster nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov ntoo plastered tawb cais lub abscissa thiab lub ntsiab qhov chaw yog ib tug artistic masterpiece. Muaj cov duab ntawm Tswv Yexus, Maivliag thiab cov thwj tim nyob rau hauv lub dome hloov thiab tuav ob txhais ceg.
Eflatunpınar
Nws nyob hauv Konya Xeev, Beyşehir District thiab Eflatunpınar Village. Lub monument tau qhia rau lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1849 los ntawm WJ Hamilton. Tom qab ntawd F. Sarre thiab J. Garstang tau muab phau ntawv hais txog lub monument no.
Lub monument muaj reliefs ntawm lub pob zeb nyob ze ntawm lub pas dej. Cov kev pab cuam, uas tsis poob lawv qhov zoo, yog carved ntawm 14 pob zeb blocks. Thawj txoj kev npaj ntawm lub monument tsis paub.
Lub monument no me dua li lwm qhov qhib - huab cua monuments. Nws tsis yog carved rau hauv lub pob zeb ntuj, tab sis tsim los ntawm kev tso cov duab thaiv pob zeb. Thawj hnub tsim kho ntawm lub pas dej ua ke ntawm lub monument no, uas nyob ze ntawm lub pas dej, tseem tsis tau tshawb fawb.
Tshooj
Fasıllar monument nteg nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm ib lub roob me me uas nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Fasıllar Zos ntawm Beyşehir District ntawm Konya. Ramsay tau tshaj tawm lub monument nrog lub npe Fasıllar. Nws kwv yees tias muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 70 tons thiab nws yog ua los ntawm basalt. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub monument thiab lub chaw txua txiag zeb, qhov twg nws tau ua, qhia tau hais tias lub monument no tau ua rau lwm qhov chaw, tab sis sab laug ntawm qhov chaw uas tsis tsim nyog, vim li cas. Muaj ib tug vajtswv, ob tug tsov ntxhuav thiab ib tug vajtswv thib ob, uas tsis tseem ceeb tshaj li thawj tus vajtswv ntawm lub monument.
Tus Tswv muab ib tug ntawm nws ob txhais taw rau ntawm tsov ntxhuav thiab ib tug (sab laug) rau lub roob vajtswv. Tsuas yog ib sab ntawm lub roob vajtswv, muaj dua ib tug tsov ntxhuav depiction, uas zoo ib yam li lwm tus tsov ntxhuav.
Qee qhov chaw ntawm lub monument tsis ntxaws thiab qee qhov ntawm nws tau ua roughly thiab qhov no qhia tau hais tias lub monument no tau npaj los muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw uas pom tau los ntawm qhov deb heev.
Hittites feem ntau ua cov monuments los ntawm smoothing ib sab ntawm lub ntuj pob zeb thiab ornamenting sab no nrog nyem. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Fasıllar monument, depiction yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug loj thaiv.
Txij li cov duab ntawm lub monument zoo ib yam li cov duab hauv Eflatunpınar thiab cov orthostates hauv Alacahöyük, nws xav tias lawv nyob rau Lub Sijhawm ntawm Tuthalia lub 4th.
kev karah
Ib qho ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Konya, uas tau tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb nrhiav yog Karahöyük. Karahöyük tau coj nws lub npe los ntawm Karahöyük Lub Zos uas nyob ze rau nws. Lub zos ib sab ntawm txoj kev asphalt mus rau Hatıp District, ntawm 15 km sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Xeev qhov chaw, yog nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Konya Cheeb Tsam hnub no.
Cov haujlwm tshawb fawb hauv Karahöyük tau pib thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 17th 1953, nyob rau hauv tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Prof. Dr. Sedat Alp, nrog kev koom tes ntawm TTK, Ankara University, Mid Anatolia Tshawb Fawb Chaw thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej General Directorate. Cov excavations tau raug cuam tshuam rau xyoo 1959 thiab 1967 - 1970 thiab rov pib dua tom qab ntawd.
Karahöyük tau ua ib qho kev sib tshuam tseem ceeb nyob rau sab qaum teb - sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj - sab hnub poob txoj kev sib tshuam hauv keeb kwm, zoo li niaj hnub no. Nyob rau lub sijhawm Hittite faj tim teb chaws, thaj av Konya tau txuas nrog kab lis kev cai ntawm Huuassana, tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm Hupisna (Ereğli "Kybistra") thiab suav nrog pab pawg lus Luvi.
Cov kev tshawb pom tau txais hauv Karahöyük txog niaj hnub no muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sijhawm uas lawv koom. Nws yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab kos duab ua ntej lub sijhawm Hittite Empire nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Mid Anatolia. Graffito, lauj kaub cov cim lag luam thiab qee cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj muab kev pabcuam hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov theem pib ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv Anatolia. Ntawm lwm qhov kev pom, muaj cov beak - lub qhov ncauj dej jugs, khob, clover - mouthed water jugs, rhytons, grape cluster zoo li pots. Nees khau zoo li tus, stamped altars, qhov cub thiab ib nrab hli zoo li lintels yog yam ntxwv tej hauj lwm ntawm lawv lub sij hawm.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb, 27 lub tsev hauv pem teb tau txiav txim siab hauv Karahöyük thiab cov av tseem ceeb tau pom nyob rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm 29.10 m ntawm ntu hu ua C hallow. Muaj ib txheej txheej ntawm 1.5 m tuab ntawm cov av tseem ceeb no thiab cov kab lis kev cai yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheej no.
Txheej-
1-111 Txheej: tau muab cov ntaub ntawv uas yog thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2nd txhiab BC. Lub thwj cim pom nyob rau hauv pem teb 1 yog nyob rau theem kawg ntawm Lub Sijhawm Colonies.
IV.XI txheej: Ceramics hu ua intermediate tau txais. Cov ceramics tau pom muaj zog hauv Vth thiab VIth txheej.
XII. XXII. Txheej: Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg muab cov ceramics ntawm hom pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab kawg theem ntawm Troia 1, uas yog hu ua "Early Aegean Ceramic" los ntawm Blegen.
XXII. XXVII Layers: Txawm hais tias lawv muab cov kev tshawb pom muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm qub tshaj li Troia 1 kev vam meej, cov yam ntxwv ntawm Calcolithic Lub Sijhawm tsis tau ntsib.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, Karahöyük muaj kab lis kev cai txheej tom qab ib leeg yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab koom nrog Lub Sij Hawm Thaum Ntxov thiab Mid Bronze. Cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia tias Karahöyük tau nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo nrog cheeb tsam Kızılırmak, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Kültepe Cappadoccia Region, Alişar, Boğazköy, Acemköy, Gordion, Troia, Karataş Semahöyük, Tarsus, Qhia - Açana, Cyprus, Syria, Mesopotamia chaw . Nws tau raug lees paub tias thaum pib ntawm 2 txhiab BC, tuaj yeem muaj cov haiv neeg Hittite uas sib xyaw nrog cov neeg Luvi nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Hittites hauv
Karahöyük.
Kubad - Abad Palace
Kubad - Abad Palace complex, uas yog hais los ntawm tus naas ej Seljuk historian İbn Bibi nyob rau hauv nws Selçukname thiab uas yog tsim raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Alaeddin Keykubad lub 1st (1220 - 1236) yog lub Seljuk palace nkaus xwb uas muaj peev xwm mus txog niaj hnub no. Kubad - Abad, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog uas muaj tib lub npe tau tsim nyob rau hauv Anatolian Seljuks Lub Sij Hawm tau raug tso tseg thiab muab faus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm keeb kwm.
Tom qab İbrahim Hakkı Konyalı thiab Prof. Dr. Osman Turan tau taw qhia tias lub palace yuav tsum nyob ib puag ncig Beyşehir, Konya Tsev khaws puav pheej Tus Thawj Coj Zeki Oral tau pom qhov chaw Kubad - Abad hauv 1949. Kubad - Abad, uas tau tso tseg rau nws tus kheej rau ib qho. Lub sijhawm ntev tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Zeki Oral hauv xyoo 1952, Katharina Ottodorn hauv xyoo 1965 - 1966 thiab Mehmet Önder hauv 1967, tau rov ua dua los ntawm Prof. Dr. Rüçhan Arık pib txij xyoo 1980 thiab kev khawb av tau pib.
Tom qab excavating lub perimetre ntawm lub Me Palace nyob rau hauv Kubad - Abad Palace Complex, Prof. Dr. Rüçhan Arık tau ua kev tshawb fawb thiab excavations nyob rau hauv Selçuklu Mansion nyob rau hauv Malanda nyob rau hauv lub hinterland ntawm Kubad - Abad thiab nyob rau hauv Kız Fort uas muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub palace complex. .
Nyob rau hauv cov excavation ua hauj lwm, lub ntsiab qauv nyob rau hauv Kız Fort thiab nyob rau hauv - situ encaustic vuas, lub da dej thiab cov architectural ruins nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Me Palace, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb units ntawm lub palace complex ntawm ntug dej tau coj mus qhib; Ntxiv mus, nrog rau qhov drilling hauv Malanda Mansion, txoj kev npaj ntawm qhov uas twb muaj lawm ntawm lub tsev tau qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov excavations, ntau encaustic vuas, ceramics, plasters, tsom iav thiab npib nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Seljuk tau pom. Nyob rau hauv Seljuk txheej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Me Palace, ruins thiab me me pom teej tug mus rau lub Ancient lub sij hawm tau txiav txim.
Konya, Hadim Bolat Cheeb Tsam Astra Archaic City
Astra archaic nroog nyob hauv Temaşalık Hill qhov chaw ntawm Bolat Cheeb Tsam ntawm Hadim District ntawm Konya Xeev.
Raws li nws tau raug ua txhaum cai loj heev, nws tau raug coj los tiv thaiv nrog tus neeg saib xyuas thiab tau hloov mus rau hauv qhov chaw puas tsuaj txuas nrog Konya Tsev khaws puav pheej Directorate. Tab sis xyoo 1955, nws tus neeg saib xyuas tau so haujlwm.
Nrog txoj kev asphalt tig mus rau sab hnub poob los ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam uas yog 17 km rau Hadim ntawm Konya - Hadim txoj kev loj, Bolat Cheeb Tsam mus txog thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd, nrog txoj kev 6 km ruaj khov, qhov chaw mus txog. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev taug kev ntawm txoj kev ntxhab thiab ntxhib txog li 4 km, Temaşalık Hill, Astra tuaj yeem ncav cuag.
Astra archaic nroog tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1885 los ntawm Sterret. Sterret tau ua hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv inscriptions thiab 7 inscriptions tau pom. Los ntawm cov ntawv sau no, nws tau kawm tias lub npe ntawm lub nroog yog Astra. Tom qab ntawd Npeeg Hereward tau pom 2 cov ntawv sau, thiab Mitford tau pom 16 cov ntawv sau tshiab hauv xyoo 1966. Xyoo 1992, hauv Astra lub nroog, qhov twg tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua tsuas yog nyeem ob peb daim ntawv sau, kev ntxuav thiab kev ua haujlwm drilling tau pib los ntawm ib pawg thawj coj hauv qab no. Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Archaeologist Osman Ermişler. Cov hauj lwm tau txuas ntxiv mus rau xyoo 1993 thiab 1994. Txoj kev npaj ntawm lub nroog tau raug txiav txim siab, nws cov tsos mob plundered tau raug tshem tawm, txawm tias qee qhov, thiab nws cov qauv tau ua tiav. Lub tsev teev ntuj thiab auditorium tau raug coj mus rau qhov pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev khawb av thiab cov phiaj xwm thiab kev pab ntawm lawv tau npaj. Ob qho tib si Isaura - cov cim qhov ntxa tau qhib hauv necropolis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nyeem cov ntawv sau, nws tau ua pov thawj tias lub nroog muaj kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb rau nws thiab nws yog lub nroog txuas nrog Isaura. Ceramic rauv pom pom tias ceramics tau tsim nyob rau hauv Roman Lub Sij Hawm hauv Astra.
Astra archaic nroog yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Toros Toros, hauv thaj av Isaura. Nws tsim ib daim duab peb sab nrog lwm lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm Isaura xeev, uas yog Isaura thiab Astanada thiab cov nroog no tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab ntawm Astra. Ib tsab ntawv hais txog kev pub dawb los ntawm ib tug txiv neej nplua nuj los ntawm Isaura tau ua pov thawj nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Isaura. Los ntawm ob lub npib Antiocheia uas yog lub sijhawm Roman, nws tau nkag siab tias qhov chaw no muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Pisidiae Antiocheia.
Lub nroog nyob rau saum toj ntawm Temaşalık toj, dag nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - sab hnub poob kev taw qhia.Lub roob no nyob rau ntawm 1760m saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Cov qauv tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm ob sab ntawm agora dag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib cheeb tsam loj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - sab hnub poob, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm sab saum toj. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb daim tiab ntawm lub roob uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub nroog phab ntsa tsim nrog cov pob zeb tawg tsis muaj mortar, ntau cov vaj tse thiab vaj tse yog pawg. Muaj ob lub necropolises, ib qho yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab lwm qhov nyob rau sab hnub poob. Muaj ntau lub thawv tshauv, steles thiab qhov ntxa tsov ntxhuav nyob rau hauv lub necropolises. Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm sab hnub poob necropolis thiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj tiab ntawm Kuralan Hill, lub toj siab lub tsev ntawm Bolat Village nyob. Cov tsev toj siab no muaj ib chav, ua los ntawm cov pob zeb yooj yim uas tsis muaj mortar thiab plaster tau pib tsim los ntawm 80 - 100 xyoo dhau los thiab cov tsev yuav raug puas tsuaj.
Txoj kev pib ntawm Devler Gediği Plain, qhov chaw sab hnub poob necropolis nyob, mus txog nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog phab ntsa los ntawm sab qab teb daim tiab ntawm Temaşalık Hill. Nws yog txoj kev nqes hav thiab nqaim.Cov khau ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nws sab sauv thiab lwm qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv av. Los ntawm lub qhov rooj, agora nkag mus. Nyob rau yav qab teb ntug ntawm Agora, lub bazaar qauv nyob, tom qab ntawd, mus rau sab hnub tuaj, pom cov ruins ntawm Zeus Astragos tuam tsev. Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub agora, muaj ob tug heroon ruins hla lub qhov rooj. Nyob rau sab hnub poob kawg ntawm lub agora, lub siab fort, uas yog surrounded los ntawm phab ntsa. Lub fort yog mus txog ntawm lub qhov rooj arched los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub fort, pom lub tuam tsev thib ob. Qhov no yog to taub tias yog ib lub tuam tsev los ntawm cov ntawv sau nyob rau hauv nws.
Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Agora, ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas nyob rau lub sijhawm Roman. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm 2/3 lub voj voog npaj lub rooj sib tham muaj cuaj kauj ruam thiab yim meter diam, ib lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 5th - 6th AD. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj peb lub hom phiaj - neph basilica. Nws tau pom raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxuav. Auditorium yuav tsum tau siv los ua qhov chaw sib ntsib ntawm pawg ntseeg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Los ntawm lub qhov rooj sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog, Eastern necropolis mus txog. Muaj ib lub qhov ntxa monumental nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm sab hnub tuaj necropolis, qhov nkag uas yog surrounded nrog lub tshav puam. Ob lub hauv paus sarcophagus pom hauv nws. Ib tug heroon pom nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub ntxa monumental. Lub qhov cub ceramic uas tau qhib nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub qhov ntxa monumental tau ua pov thawj tias ceramics tau tsim tawm ntawm no nyob rau xyoo pua 2nd thiab 3rd hauv Roman Lub Sijhawm. Lub lauj kaub luam tawm thiab cov lauj kaub luam tawm hauv qhov cub yog qhov nthuav.
Cov haujlwm uas yuav tau ua hauv Astra archaic nroog yuav muab ntau lwm cov ntaub ntawv rau Archaeology science.
Atalhöyük
Çatalhöyük nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Çumra District ntawm Konya thiab nyob 10 km sab hnub tuaj ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv. Lub tumulus yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub toj uas muaj ob lub toj siab ntawm txawv heights. Nws tau siv lub npe nkhaus vim yog ob qhov siab no. Çatalhöyük tau pom los ntawm J. Mellaart hauv xyoo 1958 thiab nws qhov kev khawb tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1961 - 1963 thiab 1965. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm qhov siab toj siab, 13 txheej txheej tau pom. Qhov chaw nyob ntxov tshaj plaws yog hnub tim rau 5500 BC. Qhov kev sib tham no, ua nrog kev thuam tus qauv, tau raug txheeb xyuas nrog C14 txoj kev. Nrog nws pom tshwj xeeb thawj qhov chaw nyob, thawj lub tsev architecture thiab thawj cov qauv dawb huv, nws yog qhov chaw tuav lub teeb rau tib neeg keeb kwm.
Lub sijhawm paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw nyob, uas yog urbanization hauv Çatalhöyük yog 7th thiab 11th txheej. Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev plaub phab ntsa yog nyob ib sab. Tsis muaj cov phab ntsa. Txhua lub tsev muaj nws tus kheej phab ntsa. Cov tsev sib cais thiab lwm lub tsev tsim nyob ze lub tsev uas twb muaj lawm yog tias xav tau. Vim cov tsev nyob sib ze, tsis muaj txoj kev hauv nroog. Kev thauj mus los yog muab los ntawm lub ru tsev tiaj tus. Tsis muaj kev tshawb pom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nroog phab ntsa tiv thaiv thiab ciam teb ntawm lub nroog tuaj yeem pom. Cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho yog hnub ci - cib qhuav, ntoo thiab reeds. Lub hauv paus tob ntawm cov tsev yog me me. Muaj cov kab ntoo ntawm cov phab ntsa. Cov kab teeb ntawm cov kab no dais lub qab nthab. Sab saum toj ntawm lub qab nthab yog av nplaum nplaum nias ntawm reed. Cov tsev yog ib leeg - pem teb thiab nkag tau los ntawm tus ntaiv los ntawm lub qhov qhib ntawm lub ru tsev. Txhua lub tsev muaj ib chav thiab ib lub warehouse. Muaj plaub Owens nyob rau hauv cov chav, cov kauj ruam muaj qhov siab sib txawv ntawm 10 - 30 cm los ntawm hauv pem teb puag thiab plaub niches nyob rau hauv phab ntsa. Cov phab ntsa yog plastered. Tom qab pleev xim rau lub plaster dawb, paintings nyob rau hauv daj, liab thiab dub tons yog ua. Cov chav dawb huv loj dua li lwm chav. Cov trophies ntawm thawj lub taub hau, ram taub hau thiab mos lwj taub hau khaws cia nrog nias av nplaum yog appliqued rau ntawm phab ntsa. Dhau li ntawm no, tib neeg thiab tsiaj cov duab hauv daim ntawv nyem kuj pom. Phab ntsa paintings nyob rau hauv Çatalhöyük tau pom nyob rau hauv 10th txheej thaum ntxov thiab nyob rau hauv 11th txheej raws li qhov tseeb. Cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab tsim muaj nyob rau hauv 7th thiab 5th txheej. Cov duab no yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov duab kos los ntawm tus txiv neej Paleolithic ntawm lub qhov tsua phab ntsa. Lawv yog cov paintings ua rau kev nplua nuj ntawm kev yos hav zoov. Txog rau lub sijhawm lig, nws pom tias lub tsev scenes tsis tshua muaj thiab cov noog motifs thiab cov qauv geometric tshwm sim ntau zaus.
Nws yog xav tias tib neeg cov duab uas tsis muaj lub taub hau pleev xim rau ntawm phab ntsa raws li tau noj los ntawm vultures muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kab lig kev cai ntawm faus cov neeg tuag. Cov pob txha uas ntxuav los ntawm cov nqaij nyug raug noj los ntawm vaultures tau sau thiab qhwv rau ib txheej ua los ntawm lev thiab faus rau hauv qab cov duab hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv cov duab, ntau lub cev pob txha tau pom. Raws li khoom plig rau cov neeg tuag, cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov pob txha, pob zeb xim, cov cuab yeej txiav, pob zeb axes, hlaws dai ua los ntawm hiav txwv plhaub tau muab tso rau. Cov duab puab me me tau txais hauv Çatalhöyük excavation muab peb cov ntaub ntawv abut pib ntawm niam vajtswv poj niam kab lis kev cai (kev pe hawm) thiab kev ntseeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov sculptures me me no ua los ntawm cov av siav thiab pob zeb muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm 5 - 15 cm. lawv tau piav raws li cov poj niam rog nrog lub mis loj thiab lub duav loj thiab qee zaum thaum yug me nyuam. Qhov no yog vim lawv sawv cev kev nplua nuj thiab koob hmoov. Yuav luag tag nrho cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau txais hauv Çatalhöyük yog pob zeb, lub ntiaj teb ua tiav, axes, daim phiaj ntiav, siab pab ntau tus vajtswv poj niam motifs thiab bracelets thiab necklaces. Dub thiab pobzeb liab xim lauj kaub thiab khob muaj ib tug ntxhib - granule mov paj ua los ntawm siav lub ntiaj teb tau pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, niam vajtswv poj niam thiab cov tsiaj dawb huv yog ua los ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua tiav. Cov cuab yeej cutter thiab perforator ua los ntawm cov pob txha thiab hmuv thiab xub xaus ua los ntawm obsidian yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws siv hauv Çatalhöyük.
Tsis muaj excavations tau ua nyob rau hauv Çatalhöyük txog 1996; pib ntawm lub xyoo no excavations tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm English Archaeology Institute, nyob rau hauv tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Ian Hodder. Cov excavation pom yog nyob rau hauv Konya Archaeology Tsev khaws puav pheej. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm thiab lwm tus raug coj los tiv thaiv hauv cov tsev khaws khoom
