Muaj yim yam ceev:
1 – Cov kev yoo mov uas yog fard. Kev yoo mov Fard kuj muaj ob hom: ib qho uas ua rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, kev yoo mov thaum lub sijhawm Ramadan-e-Sharif.
2 – Kev yoo mov uas yog fard thiab tseem tsis tau ua rau lub sijhawm twg. Piv txwv li qhov no yog kev yoo mov qadâ thiab kaffârat. Tab sis kev yoo mov ntawm kaffârat yog fard-i-'amalî. Ntawd yog, tus uas tsis lees paub nws tsis dhau los ua tus tsis ntseeg.
3 – Kev yoo mov uas yog wâjib thiab uas ua rau lub sijhawm twg los tau, xws li cog lus tias yuav yoo mov rau ib hnub twg lossis rau qee hnub.
4 - Kev yoo mov uas ua rau lub sijhawm tsis zoo.[1]
5 – Kev yoo mov uas yog sunna, piv txwv li kev yoo mov rau hnub cuaj thiab kaum ntawm Muharram.
6 – Kev yoo mov uas yog mustahab, piv txwv li kev yoo mov rau hnub kaum peb, kaum plaub thiab kaum tsib ntawm txhua lub hlis Arabic, yoo mov tsuas yog rau hnub Friday xwb, yoo mov rau hnub 'Arafa, uas yog hnub ua ntej 'Iyd ntawm Qurbân. Kuj tseem muaj lus hais (los ntawm qee tus kws tshawb fawb) tias nws yog makrûh kom yoo mov tsuas yog rau hnub Friday xwb. Ib tug neeg uas xav yoo mov rau hnub Friday yuav tsum yoo mov zoo dua rau hnub Thursday lossis Saturday thiab. Rau, nws zoo dua kom tsis txhob ua ib yam dab tsi uas hais tias yog sunnat lossis makrûh.
7 – Lub sijhawm yoo mov uas yog harâm. Nws yog harâm rau kev yoo mov rau thawj hnub ntawm 'Iyd ntawm Fitra thiab rau ib qho ntawm plaub hnub ntawm 'Iyd ntawm Qurbân.
8 – Lub sijhawm yoo mov uas yog makrûh: yoo mov tsuas yog rau hnub kaum ntawm Muharram, tsuas yog rau hnub Saturday, rau hnub Nawruz thiab Mihrijan, [uas yog hnub nees nkaum ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab Cuaj Hlis, feem], yoo mov txhua hnub thoob plaws hauv ib xyoos, thiab yoo mov yam tsis hais lus li. Hauv ib halith-i-sherif hais txog hauv Ua rau muaj txuj ci tseem ceeb, nws tau tshaj tawm tias: "Thaum koj pom lub hli pib yoo mov! Thaum koj pom nws dua, tsum tsis txhob yoo mov." Raws li cov lus txib no, lub hlis Ramadân pib thaum lub hli waxing (lub crescent tshiab) thawj zaug pom. Hauv Ibni 'Âbidîn qhov kev sib tham txog qibla thiab hauv cov phau ntawv Ashî'at-ulama'at thiab Ni'mat-i Islam, cov kws sau ntawv 'rahmatullahi ta'âlâ 'alaihim ajma'în' Nco ntsoov tias kev pib yoo mov los ntawm kev siv daim ntawv qhia hnub uas tau npaj tseg lossis los ntawm kev xam ua ntej pom lub hli tshiab tsis raug tso cai. Nws yog wâjib-i-kifâya rau txhua tus Muslim saib
[1] Nws mus tsis tau hais tias lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yog lub sijhawm mes du ring uas yog - lam proh i bits yoo mov. lub crescent tshiab rau hnub 30 ntawm lub hlis Sha'bân thaum lub sijhawm hnub poob thiab mus rau Qâdî thiab qhia nws sai li sai tau thaum lawv pom lub hli tshiab. Taqiy-y-ud-dîn Muhammad ibni Daqîq hais tias lub hli tshiab yeej tsis tuaj yeem pom ua ntej ib lossis ob hnub tom qab Lub zej zog yog dab tsi? = kev sib txuas. [Saib tshooj kaum ib.] Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm plaub Madhhabs tau hais tias kev yoo mov pib thaum pib dawb ntawm ib qho ntawm lub qab ntuj khwb, uas hu ua fajr-i sâdiq. Nws tau hais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Multaqâ"Kev yoo mov tsis yog noj, haus lossis sib deev txij thaum kaj ntug mus txog thaum hnub poob. Nws yog ib qho kev ua siab loj uas yuav tsum xav txog lub siab, (txhua lub sijhawm) hauv lub sijhawm txij li hnub poob hnub dhau los mus txog rau lub sijhawm dahwai-kubrâ rau hnub uas koj yuav yoo mov rau lub hlis ntawm Ramadan. Yog li ntawd, lub sijhawm niyya rau kev yoo mov uas tau cog lus rau ib hnub twg thiab rau kev yoo mov supererogatory. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum npaj rau txhua hnub. Thaum npaj yuav yoo mov hauv Ramadân, nws kuj raug tso cai rau kev npaj rau kev yoo mov lossis kev yoo mov supererogatory yam tsis tau hais lub npe Ramadân. Lub sijhawm ntawm dahwa-ikubrâ yog nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev yoo mov, piv txwv li, ntawm lub sijhawm Islamic; yog li ntawd, nws yog ua ntej tav su. Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm ob lub sijhawm no, (piv txwv li ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm dahwa-i-kubrâ thiab lub sijhawm tav su,) yog sib npaug rau ib nrab ntawm lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm sawv ntxov thiab lub sijhawm ntawm fajr, lossis imsâk, uas yog, ntau feeb li ib nrab ntawm lub sijhawm hu ua Hissa-i-fajr. [Raws li lub sijhawm hu ua Adhânî (lossis Azânî), Dahwa-i-kubrâ yog Fajr+(24-Fajr)÷2=Fajr+12-Fajr÷2=12+Fajr÷2. Hauv lwm lo lus, ib nrab ntawm lub sijhawm Fajr txij li 12 teev sawv ntxov yog Dahwa-i-kubrâ.] Raws li ib tug ua niyya ua ntej Fajr, piv txwv li, ua ntej lub sijhawm Imsâk, ib tug hais tias, "Kuv ua niyya (npaj siab yuav) yoo mov tag kis." Thiab yog tias ib tug ua niyya tom qab Imsâk, ib tug hais tias, "Kuv ua niyya yoo mov hnub no." Txij li thaum yoo mov thaum lub sijhawm Ramadan-i-sherîf yog fard rau txhua tus Muslim, nws yog fard rau cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem yoo mov ces ua qadâ ntawm nws, (uas yog, yoo mov tom qab.) Kev yoo mov ntawm qadâ lossis kaffârat thiab kev yoo mov uas tau cog lus tab sis tsis yog rau ib hnub twg tsis tuaj yeem npaj rau tom qab kaj ntug. Rau nws kom yog Ramadân, lub hli tshiab yuav tsum tau saib thiab pom saum ntuj thaum lub sijhawm hnub poob rau hnub nees nkaum cuaj ntawm Sha'bân lossis, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem pom, hnub peb caug ntawm Sha'bân yuav tsum dhau mus. Nws yog yoo mov kom txog thaum lub sijhawm thov Vajtswv thaum tav su ntawm hnub peb caug ntawm Sha'bân, thiab tom qab ntawd kev yoo mov raug rhuav tshem yog tias hnub tsis tau tshaj tawm tias yog Ramadân. Nws yog makrûh tahrîmî tsis txhob rhuav tshem nws thiab mus yoo mov. Yog tias ib tug pib yoo mov yam tsis tau saib lub hli tshiab qhia txog qhov pib ntawm Ramadan thiab tom qab ntawd yog tias lub hli tshiab raug pom rau hmo ntuj nees nkaum cuaj, uas yuav txhais tau tias
(tias hnub tom qab yog qhov pib ntawm lub hli tom ntej, Shawwâl, thawj hnub uas yog tib lub sijhawm thawj hnub ntawm) 'Iyd, qadâ rau ib hnub raug ua, (uas yog, ib tug yoo mov ib hnub dua), tom qab 'Iyd, yog tias lub hli ntawm Sha'bân paub tias tau pib thaum lub hli tshiab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tau sau rau hauv (cov phau ntawv nto moo) Hindiyya thiab Qâdi-Khân tias, yog tias lub hli ntawm Sha'bân tsis paub tias tau pib thaum lub hli tshiab, ib tug ua qadâ rau ob hnub, (uas yog, ib tug yoo mov rau ob hnub nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm qadâ.) Thaum huab cua pos huab thaum ib tug poj niam lossis txiv neej Muslim 'âdil hais tias nws lossis nws tau pom lub hli tshiab, thiab thaum huab cua ntshiab thaum ntau tus neeg hais tias lawv tau pom nws, lub Tus Kws Txiav Txim, uas yog, tus kws txiav txim uas ua tiav qhov Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm Islam, tshaj tawm tias nws yog Ramadân. Ntawm cov chaw uas tsis muaj Qâdî, Ramadân pib thaum ib tug neeg 'âdil hais tias nws tau pom lub hli tshiab. Nws raug txiav txim siab tias yog 'Iyd thaum ob tug neeg 'âdil hais tias lawv tau pom (lub hli tshiab). 'Adil txhais tau tias (ib tug) uas tsis ua txhaum loj thiab uas tsis tau ua ib qho kev coj ua txhaum me me. [Nws yog ib qho kev txhaum loj heev uas tso tseg namâz (salât). Saib tshooj 23 hauv kab lus thib plaub.] Lo lus ntawm ib tug neeg uas tsis ntseeg 'adâla' kuj raug txais. Nws tau sau rau hauv Fatawa-i-Hindiyya thiab qhov ntawd tsis raug tso cai pib (yoo mov) Ramadan los yog (tsis txhob yoo mov kom ua kev zoo siab rau) 'Iyd los ntawm (siv) daim ntawv qhia hnub lossis kev xam (ua ib qho kev qhia). [Nws tau sau rau hauv nplooj ntawv ib puas thiab peb caug cuaj ntawm Hadîqa: "Cov neeg tuav bid'at, uas yog, tag nrho xya caum ob pawg uas tau tawm ntawm Ahl-as-sunna, tsis yog 'âdil, txawm tias lawv yog Ahl-i-qibla thiab ua txhua yam kev pe hawm. Rau, lawv tau dhau los ua mulhids thiab poob lawv îmân, lossis lawv yog cov neeg tuav bid'at, thiab lawv thuam cov (cov Muslims tiag tiag uas raug hu ua) Ahl assunna (t), uas yog ib qho kev txhaum loj heev, ib yam nkaus. " Phau ntawv Durr-ul-mukhtâr, hauv kev qhia peb txog yuav ua li cas ua ib tug tim khawv thiab yuav ua li cas muab peb cov lus tim khawv, hais tias: "Kev hais lus phem txog ib tug Muslim yog ib qho kev txhaum. Nws rhuav tshem ib tus kev ncaj ncees. (Yog tias ib tug neeg ua txhaum loj no,) nws zaj lus tim khawv yuav tsis raug lees txais. Yog li ntawd, thaum txiav txim siab lub sijhawm rau Ramadân, 'Iyd, hajj, iftâr, thiab namâz, lossis thaum nrhiav kev paub txog kev ntseeg ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob lees txais cov lus tim khawv ntawm lâmadhhabîs (cov neeg tsis muaj ib tug Madhhab uas tau tso cai).] Thaum lub hli tshiab pom hauv ib lub nroog rau hmo peb caug ntawm Sha'bân, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pib yoo mov thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lub hli tshiab pom thaum nruab hnub yog lub hli tshiab ntawm yav tsaus ntuj tom ntej. [Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug Muslim uas mus rau ib qho ntawm cov ncej lossis mus rau lub hli yuav tsum yoo mov ntawd thaum lub hli no, tshwj tsis yog tias nws muaj
xav ua safari ua[1] Nyob rau hnub ntev tshaj nees nkaum plaub teev nws pib yoo mov raws sijhawm thiab rhuav nws raws sijhawm. Nws hloov nws tus kheej rau lub sijhawm uas cov Muslims ua raws hauv lub nroog uas hnub tsis ntev heev. Yog tias nws tsis yoo mov nws ua qadâ ntawm nws thaum nws mus rau lub nroog uas hnub tsis ntev.] Hnub thawj ntawm Ramadân (txiav txim siab thiab qhov twg yoo mov) pib thaum pom lub hli tshiab tuaj yeem yog ib hnub tom qab uas kwv yees los ntawm kev xam. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem yog hnub ua ntej. Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li hnub 'Arafa, thaum lub sijhawm uas peb nyob rau nres ntawm 'Arafât"[2] Nws tau hais nyob rau nplooj ntawv 283rd ntawm phau ntawv, Bahr[3]: "Yog tias ib tug neeg raug kaw uas nyob hauv lub tebchaws tsis ntseeg tsis paub lub sijhawm raug ntawm Ramadân, nws ua ib qho kev nug thiab yoo mov rau ib hlis thaum twg nws xav tias nws yog lub hlis ntawm Ramadân. Tom qab ntawd, thaum nws tau txais kev qhia txog lub sijhawm raug, nws yuav ua qadâ ntawm cov hnub uas nws yoo mov ua ntej Ramadân. Yog tias nws pib nws txoj kev yoo mov tom qab hnub raug, tseem tau ua nws lub hom phiaj ua ntej kaj ntug (txhua hnub nws yoo mov), tag nrho cov hnub uas nws yoo mov raug suav tias yog qadâ. Yog tias ib hnub uas nws yoo mov sib xws nrog thawj hnub ntawm Iyd-i Fitr, nws yuav ua ib qho qadâ ntxiv rau hnub ntawd. "Hauv cov chaw uas Ramadân lossis 'Iyd pib los ntawm kev cia siab rau cov ntawv qhia hnub es tsis txhob saib lub hli tshiab saum ntuj, kev yoo mov thiab 'Iyd tej zaum yuav tau pib ib hnub ua ntej lossis tom qab lub sijhawm raug. Txawm tias qhov kev yoo mov thawj zaug thiab hnub kawg sib xws nrog lub sijhawm raug ntawm Ramadan, nws yuav tsis meej pem seb lawv puas yog hnub Ramadân lossis tsis yog. Ibni 'Âbidîn 'rahmatullâhi 'alaih' hais hauv tshooj uas tham txog Ramadân: "Kev yoo mov yog tahrîmâ makrûh rau cov hnub uas tsis paub tseeb tias lawv yog hnub raug ntawm Ramadân. Nws tsis yog ib qho kev zam txim rau kev tsis paub txog kev pe hawm hauv lub tebchaws ntawm cov Muslims." Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas Ramadâ pib los ntawm kev cia siab rau daim ntawv qhia hnub lossis los ntawm kev ua raws li cov tebchaws lâ-madhhabî, nws yuav tsum tau yoo mov ob hnub ntxiv ntawm qadâ. [Cov neeg tsis ntseeg thiab cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Islam tab tom hloov cov tebchaws Muslim mus rau hauv cov ntshav thoob plaws, rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm cov mosques thiab lwm yam Islamic arts, ntawm ib sab tes; thiab nrhiav cov neeg tsis tau kawm, heretical thiab kev coj tsis ncaj ncees nyob hauv cov tebchaws Muslim thiab los ntawm lawv tshem tawm
[1] Saib tshooj kaum tsib hauv plaub fas cic le ntawm End less Bliss rau sa - fa rî. [2] Cov no yuav raug piav qhia hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Hajj. [3] Bahr-ur-râiq, los ntawm Zayn-al-'âbidîn bin Ibrâhîm ibn Nujaym-i-Misrî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', (926 - 970 [1562 AD], Tim lyiv teb chaws,) yog ib qho lus piav qhia rau phau ntawv Kenz, uas tau sau los ntawm Abdullah bin Ahmad Nesefi. Cov lus qhia Islamic, sau lawv cov lus dag thiab lus dag hauv lub npe ntawm Islam, thiab tawm tsam cov phau ntawv sau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Ahl assunnna, ntawm qhov tod tes. Cov kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Islam no yog npaj, tsuas yog thiab ib txwm, los ntawm cov neeg Askiv npaj. Lawv hais tias, piv txwv li, "Leej twg tau tsim qhov txawv txawv ntawm kev yoo mov rau ob hnub nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm qadâ tom qab Ramadan"Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo li no nyob hauv ib phau ntawv twg li." Nws yog qhov tsis yog hais tias nws tsis tau sau rau hauv phau ntawv. Rau, lub hlis ntawm Ramadan siv los pib thaum pom lub hli tshiab, txhua qhov chaw thiab txhua lub xyoo pua. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tsim nyog, yuav tsum yoo mov rau ob hnub ntxiv nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua qadâ. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los xij, lub hlis Ramadân tab tom pib thaum lub hli tshiab tau suav ua ntej kom pom. Yog li ntawd, qhov pib ntawm Ramadan yog tsis sib haum nrog lub Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm Islam (cov cai ntawm Islam). Tias qhov kev siv tsis raug no yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm kev yoo mov ob hnub nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm qadâ tom qab 'Iyd ntawm Ramadân tau sau rau hauv Tahtâwî cov lus piav qhia rau (Shernblâlî cov lus piav qhia rau) Marâq-il-falâh.] Nws yog sau rau hauv phau ntawv Cov Pab Pawg Neeg Asceticism: "Ib tug neeg uas pom lub hli tshiab ntawm lub hlis Shawwâl yuav tsis yoo mov tau. Rau qhov, thaum huab cua tsaus ntuj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau ob tug txiv neej lossis ib tug txiv neej thiab ob tug poj niam los ua tim khawv tias tau pom lub hli tshiab ntawm Shawwâl. Yog tias lub ntuj ntshiab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau ntau tus neeg los ua tim khawv rau lub hli ntawm Ramadan thiab Shawwal"Nws tau hais nyob rau hauv Qadi KhanYog tias lub hli tshiab poob tom qab Shafaq, (kev thov Vajtswv hmo ntuj,) nws yog rau hmo thib ob (ntawm lub hli tshiab); yog tias nws poob ua ntej Shafâq nws yog rau hmo thawj.[1] Txhawm rau npaj rau kev yoo mov ntawm Ramadân-i-sherîf, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob yoo mov thaum hnub kaum tsib ntawm Sha'bân thiab txhawb lub cev los ntawm kev noj zaub mov muaj zog thiab qab, thiab yog li ntawd npaj nws los ua fard. Cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub rog thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj tus cwj pwm ua kev yoo mov ntawm sunna tom qab hnub kaum tsib ntawm Sha'bân yuav tsum ua lawv thaum lawv lub sijhawm so tom qab Ramadân. Nws kuj yog sunna los ncua sunna kom ua qhov fard. Nws yog sunna kom maj nrawm rau iftâr thiab kom muaj sahûr lig muab tias nws yog ua ntej fajr sawv.. Rasûlullah 'sall-Allâhu' alaihi wa sallam' tau mob siab heev rau kev soj ntsuam ob lub hnub qub no. Nws tau sau hauv Durer: "Cov pluas noj thaum lub sijhawm ntawm seher hu ua sahûr. Lub sijhawm ntawm seher yog qhov kawg rau ntawm hmo ntuj, [piv txwv li, (ntawm
[1] Nws yuav tsim nyog kom nco ntsoov ntawm lub sijhawm no tias 'hmo thib ob' thiab 'thawj' uas tau hais ntawm no yog hmo ua ntej hnub 'thib ob' thiab 'thawj', raws li. lub sijhawm) los ntawm shar'î hnub poob mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm imsâk.]” Nws tau ua ib lub hnub ci kom maj nrawm rau iftâr thiab kom muaj sahûr lig tej zaum vim nws qhia tias tib neeg tsis muaj zog thiab xav tau. Qhov tseeb, kev pe hawm yog rau kev qhia txog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab xav tau. Nws tau hais hauv phau ntawv Riyâd-un-nasihîn: "Ib âyat-i-kerîma nyob rau hauv lub Baqara Sûra hais tias: 'Noj thiab haus kom txog thaum koj paub qhov txawv ntawm txoj xov dawb thiab txoj xov dub.' Tom qab ntawd, lo lus fajrin tau tshwm sim los qhia tias cov xov no sawv cev rau lub hnub ci thiab qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm hmo ntuj. Yog li ntawd nws tau nkag siab tias kev yoo mov yuav pib thaum qhov dawb ntawm hnub tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj zoo li cov xov. "Nws tau hais hauv cov phau ntawv Majmâ'ul Anhur and Hindiyya: "Raws li feem ntau ntawm Hanafî savants, thaum qhov dawb tshwm sim rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub qab ntuj khwb, lub sijhawm imsâk pib thiab kev yoo mov yuav tsum pib. [15] feeb tom qab lub sijhawm imsâk, thaum qhov dawb tau nthuav dav hla lub qab ntuj khwb zoo li ib txoj xov, lub sijhawm thov Vajtswv thaum sawv ntxov pib. Nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua raws li. [Ntawd yog, nws yuav zoo dua thiab ceev faj dua.] Kev yoo mov thiab kev thov Vajtswv ntawm leej twg uas ua raws li txoj cai no yuav siv tau raws li txhua tus savants. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws pib yoo mov tom qab lub sijhawm imsâk thib ob, (piv txwv li kaum tsib feeb tom qab,) nws yuav tsis meej. Lub sijhawm Imsâk raug txiav txim siab los ntawm kev xam hnub qub thiab sau rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub. Tab sis niaj hnub no, hauv qee daim ntawv qhia hnub, lub sijhawm thib ob, tsis yog, txawm tias tom qab ntawd, thaum lub hnub liab kis mus rau ntawm lub qab ntuj khwb, raug sau ua qhov pib ntawm kev yoo mov. Yog tias leej twg ua raws li cov ntawv qhia hnub tshiab no, lawv txoj kev yoo mov yuav tsis raug thiab tsis raug. Lossis, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov tseeb ntawm lawv txoj kev yoo mov yuav tsis meej. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub sijhawm no (thaum pib ntawm kev yoo mov thiab kev thov Vajtswv thaum sawv ntxov) yog li 10 feeb thiab hu ua "Lub sijhawm ceev faj." Nws tsis yog qhov tseeb los piav qhia lub sijhawm ntawd li "tamkîn." Tus sau ntawm phau ntawv, Bahr-ur-Râiq qhia rau peb tias nws yuav yog makrûh kom ncua lub sijhawm yoo mov kom txog thaum lub sijhawm tsis meej. Qhov tseeb, kev yoo mov uas pib tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm liab yuav tsis siv tau txhua. Thov saib tshooj kaum ntawm plaub fascicle ntawm Endless Bliss. Daim ntawv qhia hnub thawj zaug hauv Ottomon State tau sau rau xyoo 987 [1528 AD]. Shernblâlî 'rahmatullâhi ta'âlâ 'alaih', hais hauv phau ntawv Nurul-Idhah: "Nws yog ib qho mustahab kom muaj iftâr thaum ntxov ntawm hmo ntuj uas tsis muaj huab." Hauv nws cov lus piav qhia rau tib phau ntawv, nws hais tias: "Thaum hmo ntuj uas muaj huab cua tsaus ntuj ib tug yuav tsum ceev faj kom tiv thaiv nws txoj kev yoo mov kom tsis txhob raug rhuav tshem, [uas yog, ib tug yuav tsum ncua lub sijhawm iftâr me ntsis]. Ib tug neeg uas noj iftâr ua ntej pom cov hnub qub tau ua nws thaum ntxov txaus.""Tahtâwî hais hauv nws cov lus piav qhia rau phau ntawv: “Nws yog
mustahab kom yoo mov ua ntej ua kev thov Vajtswv yav tsaus ntuj. Raws li tau sau tseg hauv phau ntawv Bahr [thiab kuj nyob rau hauv Ibni' Âbidîn], ua kom sai sai rau iftâr txhais tau tias muaj iftâr ua ntej pom cov hnub qub. ” Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog mustahab los ua kev thov Vajtswv thaum yav tsaus ntuj thaum ntawd; uas yog, ua nws thaum ntxov. Thaum nws nkag siab zoo tias lub hnub tau poob, ua ntej (cov lus thov hu ua) 'A'ûdhu' thiab 'Besmela' tau hais thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd cov lus thov Vajtswv hauv qab no tau hais: “Allahumma is the wâsi'al maghfireh ighfirlî the guardian of the liustâziyya of the believer and the believer of the yekûm-ulhisâb.” Tom qab ntawd, noj ob peb daim me me rau iftâr. Tom qab ntawd hais cov lus thov Vajtswv nram qab no: “Dhehebezzama’ wabtelletil urûk wa thaba-t-al ejr inshâ Allâhu ta’alâ.” (Lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus thov Vajtswv no tau muab tso rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no ob peb nplooj ntawv ua ntej.) Tom qab ntawd, kev noj mov iftâr yog ua los ntawm kev noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dej, txiv ntseej lossis ntsev. Qhov ntawd yog, kev yoo mov raug rhuav tshem. Tom qab ntawd kev thov Vajtswv yav tsaus ntuj yog ua tiav hauv jamâ'at hauv lub tsev teev ntuj lossis hauv tsev. Tom qab ntawd noj hmo. Vim tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev los noj cov zaub mov ntawm lub rooj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm Ramadan, yuav tsum tau ua ib pluag mov me me thiab yuav tsum tau noj hmo tom qab kev thov Vajtswv yav tsaus ntuj kom kev thov Vajtswv yav tsaus ntuj yuav ua tiav thaum ntxov thiab pluas noj yuav raug noj yooj yim thiab tsis muaj kev maj nrawm. Yog li, kev yoo mov yuav raug rhuav tshem thaum ntxov thiab kev thov Vajtswv yuav ua tiav thaum ntxov. Qhov twg thaj av tiaj tus, xws li hiav txwv thiab thaj av tiaj tus, lossis txhua qhov chaw uas tsis muaj kev thaiv xws li roob thiab tsev nyob nruab nrab, hnub poob tshwm sim thaum lub hnub sab saud ploj mus hauv qab lub qab ntuj pom [tsis yog qab ntuj tseeb]. Lub sijhawm ntawd lub hnub tseem yuav ci ntsa iab rau cov roob ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Rau ib tus neeg uas tsis pom lub hnub poob ntawm kab qab ntuj pom, lub sijhawm hnub poob yog hnub poob shar'î, uas yog lub hnub ploj mus hauv qab lub qab ntuj shar'î, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd lub hnub tsis ci ntsa iab rau cov roob thiab huab ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Nws lub teeb tawm thiab sab hnub tuaj tsaus ntuj zuj zus. Nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw roob lossis roob siab, nws tsis txaus rau lub hnub kom ploj mus tom qab cov roob thiab cov tsev, tab sis nws kuj tseem ceeb rau lub teeb kom tsaus ntuj nti, thiab rau qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm sab hnub tuaj kom tshwm sim. Txij li thaum lub sijhawm hnub poob shar'î tau sau rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas tsis pom lub qab ntuj pom kev ua iftâr raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub. Ibni 'Âbidîn, thaum tham txog cov mustahabs ntawm kev yoo mov, hais tias: "Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw qis yuav tsum muaj iftâr thaum lawv pom lub hnub poob. Cov neeg nyob hauv qhov siab dua tsis tuaj yeem muaj iftâr tib lub sijhawm li tus thawj coj ua, vim lawv tsis pom lub hnub poob thaum lub sijhawm ntawd." Nws qhia peb tias lub halith-i-sherif uas nyeem tias, "Iftâr pib thaum hmo ntuj pib ntawm qhov ntawd," uas nws hais thaum lub sijhawm nws piav qhia txog kev yoo mov, txhais tau tias muaj iftâr thaum
Nws pib tsaus ntuj rau sab hnub tuaj. [Qhov tsaus ntuj pib txhais tau tias lub teeb ploj mus txawm tias nyob rau thaj chaw siab tshaj plaws.] Nws yog mustahab kom muaj iftâr ua ntej ua kev thov Vajtswv yav tsaus ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, mustahab yuav tsum ua yam tsis muaj kom cawm tau ib qho kev pe hawm ntawm qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev poob qis. Ib tug yuav tsum ua ntej ua kev thov Vajtswv yav tsaus ntuj thiab tom qab ntawd muaj iftâr. Yog li, iftâr tseem yuav muaj ua ntej pom cov hnub qub. Uas yog, ib tug yuav tau ua sai sai thiab ib tug yoo mov yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev poob qis thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws muaj peev xwm ua maghrîb salât (kev thov Vajtswv yav tsaus ntuj) dua ua ntej nws lub sijhawm dhau mus. Qhov yuam kev nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub, moos, tswm ciab, phom lossis adhân tsis cawm ib tug yoo mov ntawm kev puas tsuaj.Ibn 'Abidin hais nyob rau hauv ntu txog lub sijhawm thov Vajtswv: "Kev pib iftâr yuav tsum muaj ob tug 'âdil Muslims' qhia tias lub hnub tau poob lawm. Txawm tias ib tug Muslim los kuj ua tau." [Raws li pom saum toj no, tus neeg uas npaj daim ntawv qhia hnub, tus neeg uas tua phom iftâr thiab tus neeg uas hu adhân yuav tsum yog 'âdil Muslims.]
Nplooj Siab Tsis Qhuav Ntshav (54_61)
