Hamas motsutsana ndi Fatah: Nkhondo Zina za Palestine (1)

Mikangano ya abale kapena nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Palestina inayamba makamaka mu 2006 pambuyo pa kupambana kwa malamulo a Hamas ndipo yapitirira mpaka 2010. Mkangano uli pakati pa zipani ziwiri zazikulu za Palestina: Hamas ndi Fatah. Kusamvana kwakukulu kumeneku ndi kwa akatswiri ena omwe akufufuza za Israeli-Palestine nkhani yakuti "nkhondo ina ya Palestine” or "M'kati mwa nkhondo." Kuti muwone ndikumvetsetsa chithunzi chonse, ochita masewerawa ayenera kuganiziridwa ndikudziwika omwe ayesa kulamulira mkati mwa Palestine. Pachifukwa ichi, cholinga cha pepalali ndikufanizira pakati pa Hamas ndi Fatah ndikuwafotokozera.

Palestine ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi chipwirikiti. M'malire ake magulu awiri a ndale a Hamas ndi Fatah akulimbana ndi ulamuliro wa dziko lawo ndi chuma chake. Maphwando abwereranso kuchoka ku zokambirana kupita ku ziwawa ndipo akukumana ndi mikangano yachipembedzo ndi madera ndi Israeli ndi wina ndi mzake.

Hamas ndi gulu la ndale komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu lomwe lili ndi mapiko achiwawa omwe amadziwika kuti ndi Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades yomwe yatenga ulamuliro wa nyumba yamalamulo ya Palestine ndi zisankho za demokalase ndipo idayamba kugwira ntchito ku Gaza Strip. Pokhala osachita malonda kulowa kapena kutuluka ku Gaza, Hamas ikutsutsana ndi malingaliro odziwika mdera lomwe likulimbana ndi vutoli. Popeza Hamas sakuwonetsa zizindikiro zochepetsera mphamvu zake zolamulira dera la Gaza, mayiko akunja akuwona Fatah ngati njira yabwino koposa. Mothandizidwa ndi US ndi Israeli, Purezidenti wa Palestine a Mahmoud Abbas adatha kuyang'anira West Bank yosakhazikika ndikukhazikitsa nduna yapanthawi yake, ngakhale ndunayi sinavomerezedwe ndi msonkhano wa Hamas. Ndi ulamuliro wa Hamas ku Gaza, ulamuliro wa Fatah ku West Bank, palibe amene ali ndi ulamuliro ndipo palibe chipani chomwe chikukambirana. Chifukwa chake Palestine mwina ili pafupi ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni kuposa kale.

Mbiri ya Mikangano

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa nduna yotsogozedwa ndi Hamas pa Marichi 20, 2006, mikangano pakati pa zigawenga za Fatah ndi Hamas idakula pang'onopang'ono ku Gaza. Akuluakulu a Fatah adakana kutsatira malamulo aboma pomwe Ulamuliro wa Palestine udayambitsa kampeni yowonetsa ziwonetsero, kupha komanso kubedwa motsutsana ndi Hamas zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Hamas ayankhe. Anzeru aku Israel achenjeza Mahmoud Abbas kuti Hamas akufuna kumupha ku ofesi yake ku Gaza. Malinga ndi gwero la Palestine pafupi ndi Abbas, Hamas imawona Purezidenti Abbas ngati chotchinga ku ulamuliro wake wonse pa Palestine ndipo adaganiza zomupha[2]. M'mawu a Al Jazeera, mtsogoleri wa Hamas, Mohammed Nazzal, adadzudzula Abbas kuti ndi gulu la kuzinga ndi kudzipatula kwa boma lotsogozedwa ndi Hamas.

Pa June 9, 2006, panthawi ya zida zankhondo za Israeli, kuphulika kunachitika pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Gaza, kupha anthu asanu ndi atatu a Palestina. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti zipolopolo za Israeli ndizo zomwe zidapha anthu, koma akuluakulu a boma la Israeli adatsutsa izi. Hamas idasiya mwalamulo kuyimitsa moto kwa miyezi 16 pa Juni 10, ndikuyang'anira zigawenga za Qassam zomwe zidachitika kuchokera ku Gaza kupita ku Israel. Pa Juni 25, asitikali awiri aku Israeli adaphedwa ndipo wina, Gilad Shalit, adabedwa potsatira mgwirizano wa Fatah, Islamic Jihad, ndi Hamas. Poyankha, patatha masiku atatu, asilikali a Israeli adayambitsa Operation Summer Rains, kuti ateteze kumasulidwa kwa msilikali wogwidwa, kumanga akuluakulu a 64 Hamas. Ena mwa iwo anali nduna 4 za Palestinian Authority komanso mamembala 8 a Palestinian Legislative Council. Kumangidwaku, limodzi ndi zochitika zina, zidalepheretsa nyumba yamalamulo yolamulidwa ndi Hamas kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Pa February 2007 zokambirana zothandizidwa ndi Saudi ku Mecca zinapanga mgwirizano wolembedwa ndi Mahmoud Abbas m'malo mwa Fatah ndi Khaled Mashal m'malo mwa Hamas. Boma latsopano lidayitanidwa kuti likwaniritse zolinga za dziko la Palestine monga zovomerezeka ndi Palestine National Council, ndime za Basic Law ndi National Reconciliation Document komanso zisankho za msonkhano wa Aarabu. Mu Marichi 2007, bungwe la Palestinian Legislative Council linakhazikitsa boma la mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, pomwe oyimira 83 adavotera ndipo atatu akutsutsa. Atumiki a boma adalumbiritsidwa ndi Mahmoud Abbas, wapampando wa Palestinian Authority, pamwambo womwe uli ku Gaza ndi Ramallah. Mu June chaka chimenecho, nkhondo inayambikanso pakati pa Hamas ndi Fatah. M'kati mwa June 2007 Nkhondo ya Gaza, Hamas inagwiritsa ntchito kugwa kwa asilikali a Palestinian Authority ku Gaza, kuti apitirize kulamulira Gaza, kuchotsa akuluakulu a Fatah. Purezidenti Mahmoud Abbas ndiye adachotsa boma lotsogozedwa ndi Hamas Palestinian Authority ndikuletsa gulu lankhondo la Hamas. Pafupifupi ma Palestine 600 adamwalira pankhondo yapakati pa Hamas ndi Fatah. Bungwe la Human Rights Watch, gulu lochokera ku US, linadzudzula mbali zonse ziwiri pa mkangano wozunza anthu komanso milandu yankhondo.[5]

Human Rights Watch ikuyerekeza mazana angapo a Gazans "analumala" ndikuzunzidwa pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Gaza. Amuna 73 aku Gaza akuimbidwa mlandu "mgwirizano"  chifukwa adathyoledwa manja ndi miyendo "osadziwika" ndi 18 Palestinians omwe akuimbidwa mlandu wogwirizana ndi Israeli, omwe adathawa kundende yayikulu ya Gaza Israeli ataphulitsa nyumbayo, adaphedwa ndi akuluakulu achitetezo a Hamas m'masiku oyamba ankhondo. Asilikali achitetezo a Hamas ati awombera ndi kuzunza anthu aku Palestine omwe amatsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa Hamas ku Gaza komanso kuthandizira poyera kuukira kwa Israeli. Mmodzi wovulalayo, akuchira mabala angapo a mfuti m'mwendo, adauza Human Rights Watch kuti anali "Ndikusangalala kwambiri kuti adaphulitsa bomba pamene ndinali kufooka maswiti. " Pankhani ina, Mpalestina adadzudzula Hamas pokambirana mumsewu ndi anzawo. Pambuyo pake tsiku limenelo, amuna oposa khumi ndi awiri okhala ndi zida zakuda ndi zofiira Kafiyeh anatenga bamboyo kunyumba kwake, n’kupita naye kumalo ayekha kumene anamuwombera katatu m’miyendo ndi m’mapazi. Bamboyo adauza Human Rights Watch kuti sakuchita nawo ndale. Asilikali achitetezo a Hamas adaukira akuluakulu a Fatah omwe adathandizira Israeli. Human Rights Watch idafunsa m'modzi mwa anthu otere:

Tinalipo asanu ndi atatu titakhala pamenepo. Tonse tinali ochokera ku Fatah. Kenako zigawenga zitatu zovala zobisa nkhope zinathyola. onse anali ndi mfuti. Anatilozera mfuti n’kutitukwana, kenako anayamba kutimenya ndi zitsulo, kuphatikizapo mwana wazaka 10 yemwe anamumenya kumaso. Iwo anati ife tinali "othandizana" ndi “osakhulupirika”.Anandimenya ndi chitsulo ndi matako amfuti kwa mphindi 15. Iwo anafuula: “Ndinu okondwa kuti Israyeli akutipha!” mpaka anthu adatuluka m’nyumba zawo, nachoka.[6]

(Zipitilizidwa)

1. Phillips Academy Model United Nations Conference 2007: Joint Cabinet, http://www.scribd.com/doc/21006446/THE-HAMS-FATAH-CONFLICT, (15 December 2010)