Purezidenti wa kampani yayikulu yodziyimira yokha yamagetsi kumpoto kwa Kurdish dera la Iraq akuti chiyembekezo chazachilengedwe ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wazachuma m'derali kuyambira nthawi ya Ufumu wa Ottoman, kukana kuti kusamvana kwa ndale kungakhudze ntchito zofufuza.
Purezidenti wa Genel Enerji Mehmet Sepil akuganiza kuti mwayi kumpoto kwa Iraq ndi wabwino kwambiri womwe wakhalapo kuyambira nthawi ya Ottoman ndipo sakhulupirira kuti mikangano yaposachedwa yandale pakati pa Baghdad, Arbil ndi Ankara idzakhudza kuyesetsa kufufuza ndi kupanga mafuta ndi gasi m'derali.
"Mafuta apeza njira," adatero Sepil. “Dziko likakhala ndi njala ya mphamvu komanso mitengo ya magetsi ikakwera kwambiri, n’kosatheka kuti mafutawo asafukulidwe pazifukwa zandale. Zangotsala pang'ono ... Dziko lilibe mwayi wosiya mafuta ndi gasi mobisa."
Kodi ndi liti pamene mudasintha maganizo anu pa nkhani za mphamvu za mderalo?
Kwa zaka zambiri ndinagwira ntchito yomanga m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ndinabwera kudera la Kurd monga injiniya wa zomangamanga. Ndinaitanidwa ndi Celal Talabani [purezidenti wapano wa Iraq] ndi Berham Salih [omwe kale anali Boma la Chigawo cha Kurdistan - KRG - nduna yaikulu]. Tinagwira ntchito yomanga ingapo ku Suleymaniah ndipo popeza kuti kunalibe makampani ambiri omangamanga amene anali kubwera m’derali, iwo [atsogoleri aku Kurd] anayamikira kwambiri ntchito yathu. Tsiku lina mu 2002, Talabani anati, “Mehmet, bwanji osakhazikitsa gulu lalikulu kuti muyambe bizinesi yamafuta. Adalankhula za malo amafuta a Taq Taq. Poyamba ndidachita nthabwala kuti nthawi yokhayo yomwe ndidawonapo mafuta inali mudepot yagalimoto yanga. Kuti ndidule nkhani yayitali, ndinalumikizana ndi Mehmet Emin Karamehmet, yemwe ndinali nditagwirizana naye kale m'mabizinesi ena, ndikukhazikitsa Genel Enerji. Kufufuza ndi kupanga mwatsoka ndi gawo lomwe gulu lachinsinsi la Turkey silinakulitsidwe kwambiri, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chimphona cha boma TPAO. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza kulibe mafuta ambiri ku Turkey gawoli silinawonepo kutuluka kwamakampani akulu.
Pa nthawiyo derali linali losakhazikika kwambiri; ndithu chithandizo cha Talabani sichinali chokhacho chomwe chinakupangitsani kuti mutengere ngozi imeneyo.
Pamene tinali kugwira ntchito kumalo opangira mafuta a Taq Taq, tinawona anthu a ku America akuphulitsa Kirkuk. Koma chiopsezo chokha si ndale - palinso chiopsezo chosapeza mafuta. Izi timazitcha kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Kuopsa kwa ndale kunali kwakukulu, koma mwayi wopeza mafuta unali waukulu kwambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani tikutcha malowa malire omaliza ofufuza mafuta kumtunda? Kugunda kwamphamvu [kuthekera kwa kupeza mafuta] kuli pafupifupi 20 peresenti padziko lonse lapansi. Apa zitha kukhala 70 peresenti. Inde, mwinamwake zoopsa zandale ndizokwera, koma momwemonso mwayi wopeza mafuta.
Koma ndinu kampani yaku Turkey ndipo vuto la ubale pakati pa Ankara ndi Iraqi Kurds liyenera kukhala pachiwopsezo china.
Mwachionekere sitinafune chivomerezo cha boma. Koma titauza akuluakulu onse okhudzidwa kuti tikupita ndipo sitinalandire zoipa zilizonse.
Kodi simukuganiza kuti mukumva zotsatira za zoopsa zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa boma la Baghdad ndi Boma la Kurdistan?
Zowopsa zandale zinalipo nthawi zonse, koma zasintha m'chilengedwe. Chaka chatha ndalama zomwe ndinapeza zinali zochuluka kwambiri kuposa ndalama zomwe ndinawononga m'derali. Ngati aliyense ali ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi zoopsazi, ndiye Exxon kapena Chevron akuchita chiyani pano? Iwo ali ndi kuwerenga kofanana kwa dera.
Ndipo kuwerengako ndi chiyani pakadali pano?
Mafuta adzapeza njira yake. Ngakhale titalekanitsa Kurdistan ndipo osaphatikizapo madera otsutsana monga Kirkuk, mphamvu ya mafuta ndi gasi pano idzayiyika pamwamba pa 10 padziko lapansi. Pamene dziko liri ndi njala ya mphamvu komanso pamene mitengo ya mphamvu yamagetsi ikukwera kwambiri, n'kosatheka kuti mafuta asatulutsidwe chifukwa cha ndale. Ndi nkhani ya nthawi. Muyenera kudekha mokwanira komanso kukhala ndi ndalama zokwanira. Dziko lilibe mwayi wosiya mafuta ndi gasi pansi pa nthaka.
Ndiye mukuganiza kuti mkangano wapakati pa Baghdad ndi Arbil sungalepheretse mafuta ndi gasi aku Kurdish kufika pamisika?
Ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwambiri, chuma chidzaposa ndale.
Koma ndendende pamene kuthekera kwachuma kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, ndale zikhoza kusokoneza. Tikukamba za kugawana keke yaikulu kwambiri. Kodi simukuwona kuthekera kwa mkangano wowopsa pakati pa Arbil ndi Baghdad?
Ineyo pandekha sindikuwona chiopsezo cha mikangano yotentha chifukwa pali zambiri zotayika kumbali zonse ziwiri. Taonani, ife ndife kampani yomwe imagula minda yambiri, ndipo ndife omwe timapanga kwambiri. Tichita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tikule pano. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi tapanga zinthu zatsopano zokwana $1 biliyoni. Genel Enerji akukula ku Africa, koma Kurdistan ndiye locomotive yathu. BP idayamba kumalire a Iran-Kurdish. Malo okhawo omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kotereku amapanga makampani akuluakulu amafuta. Tinalandira mphoto kuchokera ku KRG, yotchedwa "yaing'ono ndi yokongola." Kwenikweni ndife kampani yamtengo wapatali $4 biliyoni ndipo tili pampando wa 20 apamwamba kwambiri ku Turkey. Koma izi ndi masikelo apa.
Nanga bwanji mapulani anu a gasi?
Tikunena kuti tikhoza kubweretsa gasi ku malire a Turkey kumapeto kwa 2015. Cholinga chathu choyamba ndi makyubiki mita mabiliyoni anayi.
Ndipo inu mukuti mukhoza kumanga payipi.
Kupanga mapaipi si ntchito yathu. Zomwe timanena ndikuti ngati ena sangathetse mavuto a zomangamanga, kaya mafuta kapena gasi, ndife okonzeka kutero. Koma sitiumirira kuti ndife amene tiyenera kuchita zimenezo.
Mukuyembekezera chiyani kuchokera ku Turkey?
Chabwino, tikuyembekeza kuti dziko la Turkey ligule gasi ngati likufunikira kwambiri gasi. Zidzakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ndi iti yomwe ili bwino, kukatenga gasi kuchokera kumadera akutali kapena pafupi ndi nyumba ina? Mutha kupeza mafuta nthawi zonse koma mpweya [wa Kurdish] uli ndi mwayi ku Turkey.
Koma nzika wamba yaku Turkey ikhoza kuimba mlandu boma kuti likulimbikitsa kugawanika kwa Iraq polola KRG kutumiza mwachindunji zinthu zachilengedwe.
Palibe chopinga chilichonse mu Constitution ya Iraq chomwe chingaletse izi. Palibe mu Constitution yomwe imati kampani ya boma, Somo, iyenera kukhala yokhayokha. Malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino amati kaya amagulitsidwa kuchokera ku Baghdad kapena kumpoto, ndalamazo ndi za dziko lonse la Iraq. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndalama zochokera ku malonda opangidwa ndi kumpoto kumangopita m'matumba a kumpoto ndizotsutsana ndi Constitution. Koma izi sizidzachitika. Chifukwa chake pakhoza kukhala yankho lanzeru pakugawana ndalama. Ngati malonda ochokera kumpoto agawidwa mofanana pakati pa Iraq, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala zosemphana ndi malamulo.
Ndiye zomwe mukunena ndikuti kugula gasi ndi mafuta mwachindunji kuchokera ku KRG sikungabweretse kupasuka kwa Iraq.
Zomwe ndikunena ndizakuti kuchita nawo ma dealwa kumafuna zisankho zandale. Koma kukula kwachuma ndi kwakukulu, ponena za phindu lachuma komanso chitetezo cha mphamvu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti Turkey itenga chisankho chimenecho.
Mukadalangiza boma la Turkey, kodi njira yanu ingakhale yotani?
Ndinkagwira ntchito masiku ndi masiku momwe ndingagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu za kumpoto kwa Iraq kuti ndipindule ndi Turkey. Mwayi ngati uwu sunabwere ku Turkey kuyambira nthawi za Ottoman. Tilibe mphamvu zamagetsi, koma ndife chuma chomwe chikukula mofulumira ndipo kuchepa kwakukulu kumachokera ku mphamvu. Ndikuganiza kuti Turkey ikudziwanso zomwe zingatheke. Taonapo nthaŵi zakale pamene ena sankakhulupirira n’komwe kuti kuno kuli mafuta.
Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti KRG yakonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi Turkey.
Kodi mukuseka? Nthaŵi ina, pamene dziko la Turkey linayamba kugwira ntchito kumpoto kwa Iraq, tsiku lomwelo ndinasaina pangano ndi Nechirvan Barzani.
Zikuwoneka kuti palinso malo osungira ndalama komanso ogwira ntchito bwino.
Ubwino waukulu womwe ali nawo ndi chuma cha anthu. Ndipo pali china chatsopano chomwe chikumangidwa kuno. Ndikosavuta kumanga china chatsopano, komanso palinso mphamvu zabwino zomangira china chatsopano. Ngati zimatenga miyezi itatu kubweretsa zida zenizeni, zimatenga masiku atatu pano. Izi ndi tanthauzo la ndalama wochezeka. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa ali ndi njala yofuna ndalama zakunja.
Kodi munganene kuti pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa 2002 ndi 2012?
Chikhalidwe. Chabwino, mahotela ndi onse akumangidwa, koma onani momwe Arbil akukhalira wobiriwira. Kupanga malo anu obiriwira ndi nkhani ya chikhalidwe; ngakhale chikhalidwe chimenecho chikukula mofulumira.
Pali, nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kuno. Mumadziwa kuti mutha kumanga nyumba ndi ndalama basi. Koma kuphunzira kupanga malo anu obiriwira - kupeza makampani oyenerera kuti achite izo kuti asankhe mitengo yoyenera ndi zina zotero - palinso kusintha kwamaganizo mofulumira.
Mehmet Sepil ndi ndani?
Mehmet Sepil ali ndi digiri ya Civil Engineering ndi MSc mu Coastal and Harbor Engineering kuchokera ku Middle East Technical University.
Mu 2002, Sepil adayambitsa Genel Enerji, yemwe anali m'gulu lamakampani oyamba kupatsidwa mgwirizano wogawana nawo ndi Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Pazaka pafupifupi khumi zomwe zachitika m'chigawo cha Kurdistan - motalika kuposa kampani ina iliyonse yofufuza ndi kupanga - Genel Enerji wamanga malo ambiri ofufuza ndi kupanga katundu m'madera osiyanasiyana kumpoto kwa Iraq.
Sepil adakhala Purezidenti wa Genel Energy plc mu Novembala 2011, kutsatira kuphatikiza kwa Vallares plc ndi Genel Energy International.
