Nyika iri kupinda munguva itsva neyakasiyana, yakasvibira yekusimudzira hupfumi modhi, sekureva kwemukuru wesangano rekufunga nezvezvakatipoteredza. Kana Turkey ikasapotsa nguva itsva yekuchinja kwegirinhi, inofanirwa kukurumidza kugadzira hurongwa hwekusimudzira, sekureva kwaProfessor Volkan Ediger anobva kuKadir Has University.
Turkey inoda kukurumidza kugadzira hurongwa hwekusimudzira, sekureva kwaProfessor Volkan Ediger, mukuru weEnergy and Climate Foundation (ENİVA) kufunga tank.
Danho rekutanga pakugadzira zano iri nderekuita tsvakiridzo yesainzi nezvemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muTurkey, sezvo data iripo yesainzi nezvenyaya iyi ishoma muTurkey, akadaro Ediger.
Sustainability ndiyo pfungwa yakakosha mumhando itsva yekusimudzira hupfumi inotsigirwa nenyika, asi pfungwa iyi haina kunzwisiswa muTurkey, maererano nemukuru weENİVA, mumwe wevanyori veshumo ichangoburwa pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye budiriro inoenderera muTurkey yakabudiswa. neIstanbul's Kadir Has University.
Ndeupi mufananidzo wakakosha kana tichitaura nezve mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muTurkey?
Mufananidzo wacho wakashata. Pamwe chete neUnited States, ndisu chete taiva nyika mbiri dzisina kusaina chibvumirano cheKyoto, icho chakaunza chisungo chekudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni monoxide munyika dzeOECD. Takave nhengo yeOECD kwete nekuda kwekuita kwedu kwehupfumi, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zve geostrategic. Saka isu saka takaramba tichipokana nezvinodiwa izvozvo, tichikakavara kuti simba redu rekusimba, iro rinoshandiswa simba rose padhora reGDP, rakaderera muTurkey kuenzanisa nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira. Takakumbira kuregererwa, tichiti kushandisa kwedu kwega kwesimba chikamu chechina cheEurope uye chikamu chimwe muzvinomwe cheUnited States. Izvi zvakangogamuchirwa mushure menhaurirano refu, uye chaizvo iyo Kyoto protocol haichashanda. Izvozvo zvaita kuti tirasikirwe nenguva yakawanda. Zvinoreva kuti hatina kukwanisa kuwana ruzivo uye hatina kukwanisa kuwana masangano. Chaizvoizvo mugove wedu wekuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse parizvino wakadzikira, pa0.9%.
Saka isu tiri dzimwe nyika dziri kusvibisa pasirese zvishoma, zvisinei nekuti tanga tichinyoresa mazinga akakwira seChina.
Hongu, asi kukura kwedu hakufananidzwe neChina maererano nekukura kwehupfumi. Chikamu cheChina cheC02 emissions) i28 muzana, nepo mugove weUS uri 17 muzana. Yedu ishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti tifunge kuti izvi hazvina kukosha. Asi nhanho ye (yakawedzera CO2 emissions) inokurumidza kwazvo.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukana wedu wekusvibisa nyika uri kukura nekukurumidza.
Ndizvozvo, nekuti isu tiri imwe yenyika dzine kukurumidza kukurumidza kwekushandiswa kwesimba. Saka isu tinofanirwa kukurumidza kuita institutionalize. Chikwata chakabatanidzwa chine simba, zvakatipoteredza uye hushumiri hwekunze hunofanirwa kuumbwa, kwete pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze asi pane kuchengetedza. Asi chekutanga uye chakakosha tinoda vanhu vedu vesainzi kuti vashande mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuti vaburitse data redu resainzi. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze hakuzove nemigumisiro yakafanana munyika imwe neimwe, zvakakosha kuti tive nemigumisiro kubva mutsvakurudzo dzedu kuitira kuti vanogadzira mitemo vashande pazviri.
Iwe unoti isu tinoshaya data resainzi muTurkey nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze?
Zvakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Imwe yemishumo yekutanga yakabudiswa nekomisheni yeparamende muna April 2008. Inopera nemhedziso yakawanda, yakadai sekutaura kuti Turkey iri pakati peboka rine ngozi. Gwaro re2010 renyika nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze rinotaura nezve ongororo yemubatanidzwa wehurumende inoona nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze (IPCC), iyo yakaisa Turkey munharaunda yeMediterranean iyo ingave pakati pevakanyanya kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hatina kana ongororo yedu chaiyo. Boka rekutanga rekushanda reIPPC richakurumidza kuburitsa chirevo chayo. Kune masayendisiti makumi matanhatu nemasere kubva kuUS, makumi maviri nemasere kubva kuUK, uye gumi nemasere kubva kuChina. Panyika makumi mana neina dzinomiririrwa muboka iri, pane munhu mumwe chete anobva kuTurkey.
Hurumende inofanirwa kugadzirisa nyaya iyi nekuchimbidza. Nyika iri padanho rekuvandudza hupfumi hutsva, kune imwe nzira yekuvandudza hupfumi uye Turkey haifanire kupotsa. Vamwe vanoti green growth, vamwe vanoti green growth. Ndinofunga kuti "kugadzikana" ndiro izwi rakanakisa rekuritsanangura. Sustainability ndeyekuzadzisa zvidikanwi zvemazuva ano pasina kukanganisa kugona kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera kuita zvavanoda. Mupfungwa iyi mune zvinhu zvikuru zviviri: chimwe chazvo ndechekuti kwete zvega asi zvido zveveruzhinji zvinofanirwa kuve zvakakosha, uye kuti kwete ikozvino asi ramangwana rakakosha. Asi izvi hazvina kunzwisiswa muTurkey. Paunotarisa kushanduro, ndinofunga kuti izwi risiri iro rinoshandiswa.
Izwi reTurkey rinoisa simbiso pa "kuenderera mberi."
Zvirokwazvo. Vamwe vanhu muTurkey vanotora izvi sehupenyu hurefu. Kambani yangu yakavambwa muna 1865 yanga iripo kwezvizvarwa zvitatu. Kune vamwe zvinoreva mhoteredzo; kana iri kambani inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza vanofunga kuti yakachengeteka. Zvose hazvina kururama.
Saka ngatitaure pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwesimba rinogara riripo.
Chimwe chikamu chinofanira kunge chiri kushanda nesimba. Tinogona kuva nechikamu che30 chekuwedzera chekugadzirwa kwesimba kana taizoisa simbiso pakubudirira. Chimwe chikamu ndechekushandisa zviwanikwa zvemumba. Izvi zvakakosha kuTurkey nekuti tiri kuunza 75 muzana yezvatinodya gore rega rega. Tiri kubhadhara mari inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu emadhora pagore. Tiri kugadzira chikamu chimwe chete muzvina chezvatinodya gore rega rega uye izvi zvakaderera, uye ndicho chipingamupinyi chakakosha pamberi pebudiriro yeTurkey. Tinofanira kuisa simbiso pane simba rinovandudzwa. Pamafuta efossil, 60 muzana yezvinotengwa kunze kwenyika zvinoenderana neoiri uye 93 muzana yezvinotengwa kunze kwenyika zvinoenderana negasi. Simba guru rekushandisa ratinaro i lignite, asi kune matambudziko makuru nazvo. Pasinei nekuipa kwayo, iyi ndiyo chete simba ratinayo, saka tinofanira kuishandisa uye kuedza kugadzirisa matambudziko nekushandisa teknolojia yemarasha yakachena.
Tikatarisa kuchati yesangano reEnergy Ministry tinoona kuti vakavhura new renewable energy directorate muna 2011, ine masub departments mana: Renewable energy, energy effective, new technologies, and climate change. Iri inhanho munzira kwayo, kunyangwe ndaishuvira kuti dai vakaidana iyo inogoneka simba directorate.
Unoona sei kutungamira kweizvi zvikamu zviduku?
Kana tikatarisa simba rinovandudzwa; tinoona kuti hurumende inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kubva kune renewable energy sources. Hurumende inovimbisa kutenga magetsi kubva kumitengo yakakwirira kana ichigadzirwa nemagetsi ekugadzirisa, uye mutengo unowedzera kana teknolojia yemumba yakashandiswa. Kana tikatenga tekinoroji kubva kune dzimwe nyika saka hazvina musoro. Tiri kubudirira here pazviri? Tikatarisa data kubva 2008 kusvika 2012 hapana kana kambani yakashandisa tekinoroji yemumba.
Izvi zvinotiudzei?
Isu hatisi kubudirira mukugadzira tekinoroji yesimba rinowanikwazve. Hatina indasitiri yezvitsva, yemabhizimusi epamba. Tine dambudziko iri muzvikamu zvose. Renewable simba zvirokwazvo haisiriyo chete mhinduro, asi chii chinofanira kunge chiri musanganiswa wakakodzera chinoda zvakawanda zvesainzi kudzidza. Nehurombo, zvisungo pakati pevagadziri vemitemo muTurkey nenyika yesainzi zvinenge zvisipo.
VOLKAN EDİGER NDIANI?
Volkan Ş. Ediger akapedza kudzidza kubva kuGeological Engineering Department yeMiddle East Technical University (ODTÜ) muAnkara muna 1976. Akazogamuchira dhigirii reMS kubva kuyunivhesiti imwe chete uye dhigirii rePhD kubva kuPennsylvania State University (PSU) nesumma cum laude.
Chiitiko chaEdiger cheindasitiri chakawanwa kubva mukutora chikamu, kutungamira uye kuraira akati wandei epamba uye ekunze mapurojekiti eR&D kubva 1977 kusvika 1998 paResearch Center yeTurkey Petroleum Corporation (TPAO).
Pakati pa1998 na2010, ndiye aive munhu wekutanga kubata chinzvimbo chichangobva kugadzirwa chemupi wemazano kumutungamiri weTurkey, achimupa mukana wekushanda nevatungamiri vatatu vakateedzana.
Parizvino ndiye mukuru weEnergy Systems Engineering department kuKadir Has University.
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