AmaMelika aphumelela emfazweni, ama-Irani aphumelela uxolo kwaye amaTurkey aphumelela izivumelwano.
ITurkey, ethintele ukuthunyelwa kwemikhosi yase-US kwindawo yayo ngexesha lohlaselo luka-2003 olwawisa uSaddam Hussein, iphuma iminyaka eli-10 njengomnye wabaxhamli abaphambili kwidabi lemarike yaseIraq.
Nangona ubudlelwane beTurkey kunye neBaghdad buya bukrakra, ukuthunyelwa kwayo e-Iraq kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kunyuke ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-25 ngonyaka, kwafikelela kwi-10.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2012, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-Iraq Ankara ibe yindawo yesibini yentengiso ye-Iraq emva kweJamani.
U-Ozgur Altug, i-economist kwi-BGC Partners e-Istanbul, iqikelela ukuba njengoko i-Iraq ikhula ngokucebileyo ngenxa yokugcinwa kweoli, imfuno yempahla yaseTurkey iya kuqhubeka inyuka - ngaphezu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka. Iikontraka zaseTurkey nazo bezisenza ushishino olutyebileyo, zisebenza malunga neebhiliyoni ezi-3.5 zeerandi zeeprojekthi zokwakha kunyaka ophelileyo, ngokutsho koosomashishini namagosa.
Enye inkampani, iCalik Energy, iqhayisa ngokuba yakha iiprojekthi ezimbini ezinkulu kwicandelo lamandla e-Iraqi, izityalo ezimbini ze-iturbine yegesi kwimimandla yaseMosul naseKarbala, ifumana ngaphezulu kwe-800 yezigidi zeedola kurhulumente wase-Iraq kule nkqubo.
Ngelixa i-Iran ibonwa njengelona gunya linamandla angaphandle e-Iraq namhlanje, kwizitrato zase-Baghdad ubukho beTurkey bubonakala ngakumbi kunalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe, nayo yonke into ukusuka kwiivenkile ezinkulu ukuya kwiivenkile zefenitshala ukuya kwizitena ezihamba ngeenyawo ezinophawu lwentengiso lwaseTurkey.
Kodwa ngumntla olawulwa yiKurdish obangela ubuninzi beshishini laseTurkey, lithatha malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweTurkey e-Iraq. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ubudlelwane be-Ankara kunye nelizwe lonke buba yityhefu ngakumbi, kunye neengxabano zezopolitiko ezikhokelela i-Baghdad ukuba ibambe ukunika izivumelwano ezintsha zikarhulumente kumaqela aseTurkey.
Njengoko ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho kunye nozakuzaku beAnkara kunye norhulumente waseKurdish busanda, malunga ne-1,000 XNUMX yamashishini aseTurkey asebenza emantla, kubandakanya ezinye zeebhanki ezaziwayo zaseTurkey, abathengisi kunye neehotele.
Amakhulu eelori ngosuku avala umda ophakathi komntla Iraq neTurkey njengoko iimpahla zihamba zisiya kwiimarike zamaKurd. Iimveliso zaseTurkey zilawula ikomkhulu lengingqi ye-Irbil, ukusuka kwi-souk endala egqunyiweyo ukuya kumagumbi omboniso wangoku kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Ngaphantsi kwe-obtrusive, amanye amaqela azenzela iimarike. Ukusuka kwisiseko sakhe kwisixeko esisezantsi saseTurkey saseGaziantep, u-Adnan Altunkaya uthi inkampani yakhe yosapho iyalela isibini kwisithathu secandelo le-diaper yase-Iraq.
Ukuthengiswa kweli lizwe kubalelwa kuma-90 ekhulwini ezigidi ezingama-400 zeerandi ezithunyelwa minyaka le zeqela laseAltunkaya yaye ziye zanda ngama-50 ukusa kuma-60 ekhulwini ngonyaka kule minyaka mibini idluleyo. Ikwathatha indawo ephambili kwimarike yomnquma yase-Iraqi.
“Ishishini lethu ne-Iraq likhula rhoqo,” utshilo. "Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kuchatshazelwa kukungavisisani kwezopolitiko."
Inxalenye enkulu, ibali lempumelelo limele ukubuyela kweTurkey kwimarike yendalo, apho yavalwa khona ukususela ngo-1980 ngemfazwe, izohlwayo kunye nokungazinzi. Njengelizwe elingummelwane elinesiseko semizi-mveliso, iindawo ezityebileyo zezolimo kunye noosomashishini abangakhathazwa kukusingqongileyo okucela umngeni, iTurkey ineengenelo abanye abazifumana kunzima ukuzithelekisa.
USerif Egeli, usomashishini odumileyo waseTurkey nosele eneminyaka engama-40 ehamba kweli lizwe, uthi: “Ndizithengisile izinto zaseTurkey kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye eyona marike ilula yiIraq. "Sinokuthanda okufanayo: Kwamanye amazwe kufuneka wenze iimpahla ngokwemigangatho yasekhaya, kodwa e-Iraq uzibhala nje ngesiArabhu kwaye zithengisa kwangoko. Kwaye ngokwenkqubo akukho mntu unokukhuphisana nathi. ”
Ngengingqi yaseKurdish yase-Iraq ifuna ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwi-Baghdad, ubudlelwane kunye neTurkey kungekudala bunokufudukela kwelinye inqanaba-kodwa elingenakukhuseleka emngciphekweni.
I-Turkey iye yaxoxisana ngesivumelwano kunye noRhulumente weNgingqi yaseKurdish ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwintsimi yeoli kunye negesi kulo mmandla nangona uqhanqalazo olunomsindo oluvela eBaghdad. Sisivumelwano i-Ankara enethemba lokuba iya kunceda ukwanelisa ukulambela okukhulayo kwamandla kwaye idibanise le mimandla mibini isondelelane, ithemba elikhuthaza abanye abahlalutyi.
Ubudlelwane obukhulayo bezoqoqosho phakathi kwe-Iraq neTurkey, nangona kunjalo, banomxholo onzima wezopolitiko. Emva kokurhoxa kwe-US e-Iraq ngoDisemba ka-2011, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Ankara kunye ne-Baghdad buye bawohloka kakhulu, kunye noNouri al-Maliki, inkulumbuso yase-Iraq, ebiza iTurkey "njengelizwe elinobutshaba." Amagosa ase-Iraq athi i-Ankara ibigxuphuleka kwimicimbi yabo, iqinisa ubudlelwane bayo namaKurds kunye negcuntswana lamaSunni ngelizama ukujongela phantsi urhulumente okhokelwa yiShia eBaghdad.
I-Turkey yona ityhola uMaliki ngamahlelo. Urhulumente kaMaliki uye wavala ukuthintela iinkampani zaseTurkey kwizivumelwano ezinkulu nabasemagunyeni eIraq. I-TPAO, inkampani yeoli yaseTurkey kunyaka ophelileyo yagxothwa kwisivumelwano sokuhlola emazantsi elizwe.
“Luhlobo lokukwaya okufihlakeleyo,” utsho uEgeli, ngelixa ephawula ukuba incwadi kaMaliki ayiqhubeki emntla Iraq.
Abanye abathengisi bangaphandle banexhala lokuba iimpahla zaseTurkey nazo zinokuchaphazeleka - okwangoku mhlawumbi isinye kwisithathu sokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweTurkey ukuya emantla eKurdish kuthengiswa kuyo yonke i-Iraq, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zaseTurkey zinamehlo azo kwimarike yaseIraq iyonke.
"Kuza kuncitshiswa ulwakhiwo kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ambalwa kulo nyaka," utshilo u-Ercument Aksoy, usihlalo weBhunga loShishino lwaseTurkey-Iraq. Uxela ukuba ngoku kukho ithuba elinqabileyo leTurkey, kuba ukuba ilizwe liya kuba ngabakhuphisana abazinzile kwihlabathi liphela.
"AmaTurkey asetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinobungozi," utshilo uAksoy. "Kodwa xa iba lilizwe eliqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwemiba yokhuseleko, i-UK iya kube ikhona, amaDatshi azakubakhona kwaye amanani ethu azakuhla kwakhona."
Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo luyakhula malunga nezicwangciso zeTurkey zokutyala imali kwicandelo lamandla asemantla eIraq. UMaliki uthi isivumelwano esinjalo siya kube sichasene nomgaqo-siseko. I-United States ilumkisa ngelithi isivumelwano sokungathobeli i-Baghdad sinokuyahlula ngakumbi i-Iraq, sityhale iMaliki kufutshane ne-Iran kwaye sivale iinkampani zaseTurkey kwii-80 zeepesenti zeemarike zase-Iraq.
Njengoko uFrancis Ricciardone, unozakuzaku wase-US e-Ankara, exelele amajelo eendaba aseTurkey mvanje: “Ukuba bendingumvelisi waseTurkey . . . Ngokuqinisekileyo andinakufuna ukubeka emngciphekweni ukufikelela kwam kwabo bathengi.”
Financial Times
