IKhomishani Kazwelonke Yezemfundo, Amasiko, Intsha Nezemidlalo yasePhalamende idingide lo mthethosivivinywa, ozohlukanisa iminyaka engu-12 yemfundo eyimpoqo ibe yizigaba ezintathu, othunyelwe yiqembu elibusayo iJustice and Development Party (AK Party).
Ngokwalo mthethosivivinywa, iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yamanje yemfundo eyimpoqo, ehlanganisa kuphela imfundo yamabanga aphansi, izokwelulwa ngeminye iminyaka emine yokufunda esikoleni samabanga aphezulu. Kuzoba neminyaka emine yesikole samabanga aphansi, iminyaka emine yesikole esiphakathi kanye neminye emine enikelwe esikoleni esiphakeme.
Njengamanje, isikole samabanga aphansi siyiminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, imfundo eyisisekelo engaphazanyiswa ehlanganisa nesikole esiphakathi, ngakho-ke isikole esiphakathi siyaqedwa. Uma umthethosivivinywa uba umthetho, izikole ezimaphakathi zizosungulwa kabusha ngemfundo eyisisekelo yesikole samabanga aphansi ihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amabili.
Uhlelo lwamanje lweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yemfundo eyimpoqo lwavela ngenxa yokuketulwa umbuso kwangomhla zingama-28 kuNhlolanja, 1997, lapho amasosha aketula khona uhulumeni womfelandawonye owawuholwa yiqembu le-Conservative elingasekho. UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokuphepha (MGK) wangaleso sikhathi, owawubuswa amasosha, waphikelela ekulawuleni okuqinile izikole ezizimele, izindlu zokulala kanye nezisekelo ezinezinsolo ezixhumene namaqembu enkolo noma ama-conservative. Izisekelo eziningi zavalwa ngemuva nje kuka-Feb. 28 ngezizathu zokuthi zazilawulwa amaqembu anezimpande ku-reactionaryism.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, umthetho omusha wezemfundo wenyusa imfundo eyimpoqo kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili. Nakuba lo mkhuba waba nomthelela omuhle kwezemfundo, iningi lezingqapheli laphawula ukuthi inhloso yangempela yalolu shintsho kwakuwukubulala izikole ze-imam-hatip - izikole zezenkolo ezifundisa umsebenzi wezandla ezazizondwa ojenene.
Kamuva kwavela ukuthi ojenene bangaleso sikhathi bayala osopolitiki ukuthi bakuphoqe ukuthi isikole samabanga aphansi siqhubeke iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili esikhundleni seminyaka emihlanu, ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuya ezikoleni ze-imam-hatip uma sebebadala, okuholele ekutheni babe bancane abafundi abakhetha ukuya ezikoleni. njengoba bebeyoba kubi esivivinyweni sokungena enyuvesi.
Kube nemibono yokwandisa isibalo seminyaka yemfundo eyimpoqo futhi iyihlukanise, isibonelo, ibe yiminyaka emihlanu yesikole samabanga aphansi, iminyaka emithathu yesikole esiphakathi kanye neminyaka emine yesikole esiphakeme. Abanye othisha babecabanga ukuthi lesi simiso sizonikeza ukukhetha okwengeziwe kubazali nezingane ezingathanda ukuhambisa amakhono azo kusenesikhathi.
Ekugcineni, uhulumeni uqhamuke nefomula ethi 4+4+4 esikhundleni sika-8+4 wamanje.
Ngokombhali wengosi uMümtaz'er Türköne, ifomula yakamuva kahulumeni ingokoqobo kakhulu njengoba ingasabela kangcono ezidingweni zomnotho, futhi ingahlomisa kangcono abantu ngabanye.
“Isibalo seminyaka yemfundo eyisisekelo senyuswe saba eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ncamashi engu-15 edlule. Kwaphuma amathangi ezempi, kwakhishwa izibhamu kwase kuba nokuketulwa umbuso. Ngomhla ziyisi-8 kuNhlolanja, uMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokuphepha wahlangana amahora amaningi futhi ojenene abakhulu basongela uhulumeni ngamakholomu ephephandaba [ngezindaba zokuthi ukusabela kwakusongela izwe]. Uhulumeni wagunyaza futhi imfundo eyimpoqo yenyukile yafinyelela eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili,” ebhala ephephandabeni lansuku zonke iZaman ngoLwesine.
Ngokufanayo, Unobhala-Jikelele Wenyunyana Yabasebenzi Bezemfundo (Eğitim Bir-Sen) u-Ahmet Özer wabhala kusizindalwazi senyunyana ukuthi umthethosivivinywa omusha uma uba umthetho uzolungisa amaphutha enziwa eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule:
“Izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu eziphathelene nemfundo zenziwa 'emhlanganweni wojenene.' Kubo imfundo yayibaluleke kakhulu, akufanele ishiyelwe othisha.
“Ukuthi ifanelekile yini ngokwemfundo, noma ngabe ibikhona ingqalasizinda edingekayo noma cha, lokho umphakathi okucabangayo ngalolu shintsho bekungabalulekile. Bakwenza ukuze baqedele izikole ze-imam-hatip, izikhungo zokufundela ubufundisi kanye nezifundo ze-Quran. Ngakho-ke, bavala izingxenye ezimaphakathi zezikole zemisebenzi yezandla,” kubhala u-Özer, enezela ukuthi abathweswe iziqu e-imam-hatip nabo babebandlululwa.”
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uNobhala Jikelele we-Education Personnel Union (Eğitim-Sen) uMehmet Bozgeyik uthi umthethosivivinywa okhona manje - uma uba umthetho - uzoba nomthelela ongemuhle emfundweni yamantombazane futhi unikeze indawo yokusetshenziswa kwezingane.
“Ifomula ethi 4+4+4 ngeke inyuse isibalo samantombazane aya esikoleni; kunalokho, kuzokwenza okuphambene, esho njengoba ecashunwe yisikhungo sezindaba sase-Anatolia, ngenkathi ese-Ankara lapho amalungu e-Eğitim-Sen ebambe khona umbhikisho ephikisana nesinqumo sikahulumeni, angathanda ukudlulisa umthethosivivinywa.
Ababhikishi, bephelezelwa abanye abameli beqembu eliphikisayo i-Republican People's Party (CHP), babambe iphosta ethi, "Cha ngemfundo egxile emakethe, ehlehlayo, neyobandlululo."
UBozgeyik naye ugxeke kakhulu ngoba uthe lo mthethosivivinywa wama-athikili angama-25 ulungiswe ngokushesha ngaphandle kwezincomo ezivela emphakathini. Wengeze ngokuthi indatshana yalo mthethosivivinywa inciphisa iminyaka yokufunda ifinyelele ku-11, okuzoholela ekugqitshweni kwengane ngemuva kokuba ingane ithole iminyaka emine kuphela yokufunda.
“Lokhu kuzoholela ekuxhashazweni kokugqilazwa kwezingane,” usho kanje.
U-Ahmet Toptaş, ongummeli we-CHP, uthembise ukuthi uzosebenza ngokumelene nokuphasiswa kwalo mthethosivivinywa ePhalamende.
Khonamanjalo, uSolwazi Üstün Ergüder ohlonishwayo, umqondisi we-Education Reform Initiative (ERG), ube nesithangami sabezindaba ngoLwesine lapho egxeke khona lo mthethosivivinywa.
Ngokusho kwe-ERG, uma umthethosivivinywa uba umthetho, uzovumela i-“Açık Öğretim” (Imfundo Evulekile noma Imfundo Yamabanga) ibeke izinzuzo mayelana nemfundo yamantombazane engcupheni. Ukwengeza, i-ERG ivikela umbono wokuthi njengoba uhlelo olusha luzoqeda iminyaka eyimpoqo futhi lwethule ukukhetha okwengeziwe kwezikole, kungenza kudingeke ukuthi izingane zibhale izivivinyo zisencane kakhulu ukuze zenze lezo zinqumo.
“Ukwehlukana kwemfundo eyisisekelo kuzokhulisa ukungalingani emphakathini. Iminyaka yokufundela umsebenzi izokwehliswa ibe ngu-11, okuholela ekusabalaleni kokusetshenziswa kwezingane,” kwengeza i-ERG.
Kodwa-ke, iPhini likaSihlalo we-AK Party ePhalamende uNurettin Canikli uwuvikele lo mthethosivivinywa, wathi uzosiza emfundweni yamantombazane uma uba umthetho.
“Ngokuphambene, uhlelo lwemfundo eyimpoqo lweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili lwavimbela ukufunda kwamantombazane ngenxa yokuthi izikole zamabanga aphansi zeminyaka emihlanu ezigodini zavalwa ngemva kokuba lowo mthetho uqale ukusebenza ngo-1997. Futhi imindeni ayizimisele ukuthumela izingane zayo, ikakhulukazi amantombazane, izikole ezikude ngaphandle kwemizana yabo. Lona bekuwumphumela olindelekile uma ubheka isakhiwo somphakathi saseTurkey. Lokhu kube yigalelo elikhulu ohlelweni lwezemfundo olungaphazamiseki,” usho kanje ePhalamende ngoLwesine.
“Ngohlelo olusha esilwesekayo, amabhilidi azohlukaniswa ngokwemizimba ezingeni ngalinye. Lokho kusho ukuthi izikole zeminyaka emine zizovulwa ezigodini. Futhi imindeni ezobe ithumela amantombazane ayo ezikoleni ezisezigodini izovuma kakhulu ukuwathumela ezikoleni ezisezingeni eliphakathi naphezulu,” wengeza.
NasePhalamende isekela leqembu eliphikisayo iNational Movement Party (MHP) uZuhal Topcu uthe abayiqondi inhloso yalo mthethosivivinywa njengoba othisha, abazali babafundi kanye nomphakathi uwonke bengazi ukuthi uquketheni.
Iphini le-CHP u-Ali Serindağ uthe bayakweseka ukwelulwa kwemfundo eyimpoqo kodwa ngefomula ethi 1+8+4.
