Kubonakala sengathi izinqubomgomo zokufuduka zezwe elihamba phambili eYurophu, eFrance, zishintsha kakhulu. Izwe alisakwazi ukubamba isixuku sabafuduki, abaningi babo abangafuni ukuhlanganisa impilo yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho yezwe labo elisha. Izinguquko ezinkulu ezizayo kwabafuduki zimenyezelwe nguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi waseFrance uManuel Valls.
Ngemva komhlangano weNational Immigration and Integration, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi waseFrance uManuel Valls umemezele izinguquko eziphawulekayo kumgomo wezwe wokufuduka. Uhulumeni uzonciphisa usizo lwezimali kubantu bokufika, futhi lokhu kuncipha kuzoba kukhulu. Kusukela ngoMashi 1 wonyaka ozayo, izinzuzo zabokufika baseFrance zizoncishiswa ngamaphesenti angama-83. Kuzokwehla nenani lokunxeshezelwa kwabokufika abafuna ukubuyela emakhaya. Uma ngaphambilini uhulumeni ekhokhe ama-euro angama-300 kumuntu ngamunye omdala kanye nama-euro ayi-100 ngengane ngayinye, ngoNdasa wezi-2013 la manani azokwehliswa abe ama-euro angama-50 nama-30, ngokulandelana.
Enye yezinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zemithetho emisha yokufika kwabantu eFrance ukuncishiswa kwezinzuzo zokungasebenzi. Imithetho emisha izothinta ngokuqondile abaningi bokufika abangafuni ukuba usizo lwangempela ezweni futhi umgomo wabo oyinhloko uwukuba khona ngezindleko zabakhokhi bentela baseFrance. Manje abokufika abayizakhamuzi ze-EU bathola isibonelelo sama-euro angu-2,000 1,000 ngomuntu omdala kanye nama-euro angu-XNUMX XNUMX ngengane ngayinye.
Ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo entsha, ngokusho kweValls, izinkokhelo zizoncishiswa zibe yi-500 kanye ne-200 euros, ngokulandelana. UManuel Valls uthe umgomo waphambilini wokufika kwabantu bokufika awuzange uholele ekutheni kube nemiphumela ebebeyifuna, futhi nezinhlelo ezikhona zokufinyelela kwabokufika azisebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile, ngakho-ke kumele kuguqulwe imithetho. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, izindleko zokugcinwa kwabafuduki manje ezikhokhwa nguMgcinimafa waseFrance zizoqhubeka nokucekela phansi umnotho waseFrance osuvele ubhekene nenkinga ebangelwa yizici zomhlaba wonke.
Ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, phakathi nomkhankaso wokhetho eFrance, uNicolas Sarkozy, owayenguMongameli wangaleso sikhathi, wakhuthaza kakhulu izinguquko zezinqubomgomo zokufuduka eFrance. Uthe ukubambezeleka kungase kuphazamise yonke inqubomgomo yasekhaya yaseFrance. UFrancois Hollande, uMongameli wamanje waseFrance futhi ngaleso sikhathi owayephikisana noSarkozy, wakhuluma ngale ndaba kancane kancane, egwema ukusho noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezithile. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphila ngokwako kusekela okushiwo owayengumongameli waseFrance ongasho lutho?
Ngokwe-National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, engxenyeni yesibili ka-2010, iFrance yayinezisebenzi ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu, noma cishe amaphesenti angu-8 engqikithi yabantu. Inani elikhulu labafuduki abafika eFrance, ngokusho kwedatha yango-2007, lalivela e-Algeria, Morocco nasePortugal. Ngo-2011, imvume yokuba yisakhamuzi saseFrance yanikezwa abantu abangama-66,000. Kuya ngokuya kuba nzima kuhulumeni ukunikeza usizo lwezimali kubantu bokufika, njengoba iningi labo alisebenzi futhi alifundi. Eqinisweni, lokhu akumangalisi uma kubhekwa inani losizo uhulumeni ayesekulungele ukulunikeza izakhamuzi zakhe ezintsha.
Njengoba inani elikhulayo labafuduki, ikakhulukazi abavela emazweni amaSulumane, iFrance ibhekene nezinkinga eziningi zangaphakathi. Kuhlanganisa ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kanye nobugebengu, kanye nesamba esikhulu semali esivela kumgcinimafa kahulumeni esichithwa ekusekeleni abokufika kanye nemindeni yabo, okunomthelela omubi emnothweni. Okokugcina, iFrance igcwele abantu abafudukayo abanombono ongajwayelekile, bemanqikanqika ukwamukela izindinganiso zaseYurophu futhi ngokuvamile banobutha.
Ngokushesha noma kamuva, uhulumeni kwadingeka athathe izinyathelo. Kubonakala sengathi isikhathi sesifikile. Ngokushintsha kwenqubomgomo yaseFrance mayelana nabafuduki, ngo-2007 uNicolas Sarkozy wawina ukhetho lukamongameli. Kusukela ekufikeni kwakhe embusweni, uhulumeni waqala ukuphishekela inkambiso yalokho okuthiwa ukufuduka kwabantu abakhethayo, inhloso yabo kwakuwukuheha eFrance ikakhulukazi izisebenzi ezinamakhono. Ngaphansi kukaSarkozy kwethulwa uhlelo lwe-quota ezweni olwalunquma isibalo sabasebenzi abadingekayo. NgoNdasa wezi-2012, phakathi nomkhankaso wobumongameli, uNicolas Sarkozy waphinda wagcizelela ukubaluleka kokubhekana nezinkinga zasekhaya zabafuduki. USarkozy, oyindodana yomuntu wokufika ovela eHungary, uphakamise ukuthi kuncishiswe inani losizo lwezenhlalakahle olunikezwa abokufika futhi kwehliswe inani lezimvume zokuhlala ezikhishiwe ngo-50%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wesabise ngokuthi iFrance izosishiya iSivumelwano SaseSchengen ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kwabafuduki abangafunwa ezweni.
UFrancois Hollande, umongameli wamanje waseFrance, ubengaqondile kangako embonweni wakhe wezindaba ezihambisana nabafuduki. Wayengakakulungeli ukulawula zonke izigaba zabafuduki, kodwa ngoNdasa wezi-2012 wacela ukuthi kube nomkhawulo wokufuduka ngezizathu zezomnotho. Kubukeka sengathi yizimo zezomnotho eziphoqa iziphathimandla zaseFrance ukuthi ziqinise inqubomgomo ebhekiswe kwabokufika. Lokhu kuboniswa, ikakhulukazi, ngedatha edumazayo eMbikweni Wokuncintisana Womhlaba Wonke mayelana nesimo sokuncintisana saseFrance, uhulumeni axoxa ngakho ngoNovemba. Ngokombiko, ukuncintisana kwemboni yaseFrance kuyehla. Ngo-2000, isabelo sezimboni emnothweni wezwe saba ngamaphesenti angu-18, futhi manje - amaphesenti angu-12.5 njengoba izinkampani zingenamali. Ngokwengxenye, kungenxa yomthwalo osindayo weminikelo yokuvikeleka komphakathi okudingeka ukuthi amabhizinisi ayenze. Izintela zokukhokhelwa kwebhizinisi laseFrance ziphakathi kweziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni cishe ngamaphesenti angama-50. Bekungeke kwehluke ngoba izwe bekumele londle inqwaba yabafuduki.
NgoNdasa wezi-2012 uSarkozy waphakamisa ukuthi kuncishiswe isibalo sabafuduki sisuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-180 siye ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-100. Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwenani labafuduki kungalindelwa eminyakeni emihlanu. Kubukeka sengathi uhulumeni waseHollande usezamukele lezi zinyathelo futhi uphokophele esenzweni.
Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwamanani abelwe uxhaso lwabafuduki kungase kusebenze kancane. Umgcinimafa uzoba nezinsiza ezengeziwe ezingabelwa ukudala amathuba emisebenzi kanye nokusimama komnotho jikelele. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwehliswa kwezinzuzo kuzoba yisikhuthazo kwabanye abasebenzi ukuthi baqinise ukusesha kwabo umsebenzi.
Kukhona olunye uhlangothi lwemali. Abafuduki abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abavela emazweni ama-Arab-amakoloni angaphambili eFrance, bajwayele ukuphila ngoxhaso lukahulumeni. Sekuyiminyaka bekwenza, futhi bebefundisa izingane zabo le modeli yokuziphatha komphakathi. Ngokwe-National Institute of Statistical Studies, izingane eziphuma emindenini yabokufika zivame ukuba abafundi ababuthaka uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga yazo abangebona abokufika. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabafuduki abavela eTurkey. Emakethe yemisebenzi, amaphesenti angu-14 kuphela abantwana bokufika abathola izikhundla eziphezulu emphakathini.
Ukwehliswa kwezinzuzo kungalimaza imindeni eminingi yabafuduki. Ingabe lokhu kuzovusa ukuziphatha okungahambisani nomphakathi lapho abafuduki bezokhipha intukuthelo yabo emigwaqweni yamadolobha aseFrance, bacekele phansi yonke into ebazungezile? Ingabe izibhelu zabokufika zika-2007 zizophinda? Kunesidingo esisobala ezindleleni ezintsha maqondana nenqubomgomo yokufuduka. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwazo uhulumeni kufanele acabangele imiphumela ehlukahlukene engenzeka. Indlela elinganiselayo kuphela ezoholela emiphumeleni emihle.
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